不同退化程度高寒草甸植物物种多样性与生态系统多功能性关系

为探究高寒草甸不同退化程度生态系统多功能性的变化,本研究综合考虑了植物物种多样性和多种生态系统功能如生产力、养分循环和固存能力、土壤涵养水分能力等,运用降维因子分析的方法计算了生态系统多功能性,综合分析了植物物种多样性与生态系统功能和多功能性间的关系。结果表明：高寒草甸退化显著降低了Margalef指数、Shannon-weiner指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数(P<0.05),各生态系统功能趋于恶化。高寒草甸退化导致生态系统多功能性的下降,综合统计量结果为轻度退化(21.9955)＞中度退化(8.7295)＞重度退化(—30.7245)。植物物种多样性与生态系统多功能性之间均存在正相关关系,其中Simpson指数与生态系统多功能性指数拟合的结果最好,说明高寒草甸生态系统多功能性受植物物种多样性的制约。本研究可为青藏高原草地退化及恢复的过程和机理研究提供理论依据。     

户用分布式光伏对农户收入的影响——以中部地区Y县为例

户用分布式光伏对农户收入影响具有长期性,如何发挥分布式光伏在乡村振兴战略中的作用需进一步探索。本文以户用分布式光伏为例,利用中部地区Y县2014—2019年农户追踪数据,运用双重差分法,分析户用分布式光伏对农户收入的影响,探讨户用分布式光伏对农户收入影响的作用机制。结果表明,2014—2019年农户收入大幅度提升,其中建光伏农户的人均收入增长幅度大于未建光伏农户,户用分布式光伏使农户人均收入提高25.4%,其中经营性收入、财产性收入分别提高74.4%和444.5%,而工资性收入降低45.3%。户用分布式光伏是通过减少非农劳动时间和缩短非农就业空间距离降低农户工资性收入,增加经营性收入,从而影响人均收入。进一步分析发现,户用分布式光伏对非中心村农户的工资性收入和经营性收入影响大于中心村农户,劳动力能力越强的农户经营性收入上升幅度越大,工资性收入下降幅度越小。因此,建议统一维护光伏设施,促进劳动力要素有效配置;并依据劳动能力差异分层分配股份,降低劳动能力强的农户对政府补贴的依赖;另外,创新光伏产业发展模式,拓宽光伏产业增收渠道。     

Long-term nutritional effects on the primary liver and kidney metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). II. Adaptive response of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity to high-carbohydrate/low-protein and high-fat/non-carbohydrate diets

The influence of long-term administration of high-carbohydrate/low-protein and high-fat/non-carbohydrate diets were studied in relation to kinetic behaviour of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver and kidney of rainbow trout. In all cases studied, the saturation curves of these enzyme showed typical hyperbolic kinetics without evidence of sigmoidicity. After 30 days of feeding with a high-fat diet (170 g kg^?1), there was a significant decrease in V_max and specific activity (45%) as well as catalytic efficiency (39%) without changes in K_m or activity ratio of hepatic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. These changes agree more with a clearly decreased cell concentration than with an inhibition of the pre-existing enzyme. The administration of a high-carbohydrate diet (60 g kg^?1), contrary to what was previously thought, decreased V_max by 21% and specific activity and catalytic efficiency by 30%, without significant changes in the other kinetic parameters of the hepatic enzyme. The kinetic behaviour under these nutritional conditons was due to the rejection of this diet by the fish and thus could be considered a low-feeding situation. On the other hand, no variations in the kinetics of renal glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were found, clearly demonstrating that in this organ, the pentosephosphate pathway showed no adaptive response related to fattyacid and other lipid synthesis. The activity of the renal enzyme was consistently half that of the hepatic enzyme.     

Role of land-surface changes in arctic summer warming

A major challenge in predicting Earth's future climate state is to understand feedbacks that alter greenhouse-gas forcing. Here we synthesize field data from arctic Alaska, showing that terrestrial changes in summer albedo contribute substantially to recent high-latitude warming trends. Pronounced terrestrial summer warming in arctic Alaska correlates with a lengthening of the snow-free season that has increased atmospheric heating locally by about 3 watts per square meter per decade (similar in magnitude to the regional heating expected over multiple decades from a doubling of atmospheric CO2). The continuation of current trends in shrub and tree expansion could further amplify this atmospheric heating by two to seven times.     

Suture Materials and Suture Selection for Use in Exotic Pet Surgical Procedures

Exotic animals are becoming increasingly popular and more exotic pet owners are seeking veterinary care. This has led to a demand for properly trained veterinarians who are capable of providing quality, up-to-date medical and surgical treatments. Many surgeries are now performed on exotic pets, and selection of the appropriate suture material is an important part of the treatment protocol. An understanding of different available suture materials, healing times of different tissues, and knowledge of different anatomic and physiologic characteristics in different species is important in the selection of the most appropriate suture material. This review will summarize important aspects of suture selection in exotic animals.