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41.
42.
Binding of SH2 domains of phospholipase C gamma 1, GAP, and Src to activated growth factor receptors 总被引:96,自引:0,他引:96
D Anderson C A Koch L Grey C Ellis M F Moran T Pawson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4983):979-982
Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC gamma 1) and p21ras guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activating protein (GAP) bind to and are phosphorylated by activated growth factor receptors. Both PLC gamma 1 and GAP contain two adjacent copies of the noncatalytic Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. The SH2 domains of PLC gamma 1 synthesized individually in bacteria formed high affinity complexes with the epidermal growth factor (EGF)- or platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-receptors in cell lysates, and bound synergistically to activated receptors when expressed together as one bacterial protein. In vitro complex formation was dependent on prior growth factor stimulation and was competed by intracellular PLC gamma 1. Similar results were obtained for binding of GAP SH2 domains to the PDGF-receptor. The isolated SH2 domains of other signaling proteins, such as p60src and Crk, also bound activated PDGF-receptors in vitro. SH2 domains, therefore, provide a common mechanism by which enzymatically diverse regulatory proteins can physically associate with the same activated receptors and thereby couple growth factor stimulation to intracellular signal transduction pathways. 相似文献
43.
Koch J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5442):1091
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Gilbert MT Kivisild T Grønnow B Andersen PK Metspalu E Reidla M Tamm E Axelsson E Götherström A Campos PF Rasmussen M Metspalu M Higham TF Schwenninger JL Nathan R De Hoog CJ Koch A Møller LN Andreasen C Meldgaard M Villems R Bendixen C Willerslev E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5884):1787-1789
The Paleo-Eskimo Saqqaq and Independence I cultures, documented from archaeological remains in Northern Canada and Greenland, represent the earliest human expansion into the New World's northern extremes. However, their origin and genetic relationship to later cultures are unknown. We sequenced a mitochondrial genome from a Paleo-Eskimo human by using 3400-to 4500-year-old frozen hair excavated from an early Greenlandic Saqqaq settlement. The sample is distinct from modern Native Americans and Neo-Eskimos, falling within haplogroup D2a1, a group previously observed among modern Aleuts and Siberian Sireniki Yuit. This result suggests that the earliest migrants into the New World's northern extremes derived from populations in the Bering Sea area and were not directly related to Native Americans or the later Neo-Eskimos that replaced them. 相似文献
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George R. Hess Frank H. Koch Katherine A. Eschelbach Jorie M. Favreau 《Biological conservation》2006,128(3):358-368
We compared four approaches to conservation site selection to protect forest biodiversity in the Triangle Region of North Carolina, USA. Using biological inventory data and an inventory-based conservation plan as benchmarks, we evaluated the potential effectiveness of a focal species plan and three “simple” plans (large forested patches, close to wetlands and riparian areas, diverse forest types). Effectiveness was measured in three ways: the number of inventory elements captured at least once by the plan (representation), the total number of inventory elements captured (completeness), and the proportion of land in the inventory-based plan included (overlap). We further examined the potential effectiveness of the simple plans by calculating their overlap with land identified by the focal species approach. The simple and focal species plans did not differ markedly in terms of representation, but diverged when completeness and overlap were considered. Although representation rates for all four plans were relatively high, lower rates for completeness and overlap raise concerns about long-term viability. The simple plans did not identify the same lands as the focal species plan, and are thus unlikely to provide appropriate habitat for the focal species. Each approach we tested failed to capture some subset of species and communities, highlighting the importance of explicit conservation targets and consideration of ecological processes. Forced to act quickly and with little data, our findings suggest using initially a set of complementary simple plans, each focused on a different habitat type. This should be considered a stopgap measure, however, while more sophisticated plans are constructed, defining explicit conservation targets and considering ecological processes. 相似文献
48.
15N uptake and distribution by spring barley in relation to K nutrition and mildew attack Barley cv. Aramir was grown in complete nutrient solution containing 0,5 (K1), 1,5 (K2) and 4,5 mM K (K3) respectively till maturity. Part of the plants was infected by mildew (Erysiphe graminis), whereas control treatments were kept mildew-free by fungicide sprays. Symptoms of mildew attack were less at K2 and K3 and grain yields of infected plants were raised from 98 (K1) to 160 (K2) and 165 g/pot (K3). In control treatments grain yields were 130 (K1), 164 (K2) and 163 (K3) g/pot. During anthesis nitrogen in the nutrient solution was labelled with 15N for two days and 15N metablism was studied within 7 consecutive days. The aim of this pulse-chase experiment was to find out, how mildew attack and K nutrition influence N metabolism. The following results were obtained: a) 15N uptake increased from K1 to K2 in infected and healthy plants, though at slightly lower levels in the infected treatments. b) During 7 days after the 15N pulse up to 17,1% of the 15N absorbed were translocated into the grains. Better K status as well as spray treatments stimulated nitrogen translocation. c) Mildew attack of leaves does not seem to influence the conversion of grain-15N into grain proteins. Better K supply stimulates the rate of protein synthesis in the grain. d) In mildew infected leaves relatively more of the 15N absorbed is incorporated into leaf proteins. But this may be a consequence of slower grain growth, because already 7 days after anthesis infected plants in all K treatments had significantly lower grain yield. In spite of the short duration of the experiment the 15N data do not indicate that the visible depression of mildew attack by better K nutrition of the crop might inter alia be due to K stimulated defense reactions within N metabolism. This is in agreement with a previous experiment. 相似文献
49.
Effect of potassium nutrition on the content and the spectrum of soluble amino compounds in Red Clover 1. A better K nutrition of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) resulted in higher contents of soluble amino acids of the upper plant parts. The plants of the treatment with the highest K application showed nearly double as high contents of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid than the plants of the K0 treatment. The content of asparagine was not as much affected by the K nutrition and the content of glutamine was even lowered. 2. Red Clover responded on the K treatment with its content of soluble amino compounds quite different than non leguminous plant species which show decreasing contents of soluble amino acids with an increasing K nutrition. Therefore it is concluded, that the K nutrition of legumes affects the N2-fixation of Rhizobium leguminosarum. 3. The higher contents of soluble amino compounds did not influence the protein content of the upper plant parts. But with the better K supply the yields were increased considerably and therefore also higher yields of proteins were harvested. Very low K supply resulted in a high protein content, due to an inhibition of plant growth. 相似文献
50.
An eight-month-old female rottweiler was presented with a history of intermittent lameness of the right hindlimb of 4 weeks duration. Radiographs showed a fragmentation in two plantar sesamoid bones of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Based on these clinical and radiographic signs sesamoid disease of the 2nd and 7th sesamoid bone in the right hindpaw was diagnosed. The fragmented sesamoids were surgically removed and histologically examined. The treatment was successful and the dog became lamnessfree. Additional radiographs showed fragmentations of sesamoid bones VII of both the forepaws, but they did not cause any lameness. 相似文献