华南地区17个农作物病原真菌菌株间拮抗作用的初步研究

 通过PDA平板对峙试验研究了华南地区17种农作物病原真菌菌株之间的共生关系和拮抗关系,结果表明菌丝对峙生长可分为5种类型。稻小黑菌核病菌株与大部分供试菌株有明显的拮抗作用,稻黑粒病新月弯孢霉菌株与大部分供试菌株不能共生,花生冠腐病菌株的菌丝能覆盖大部分供试菌株的菌落,茶云纹叶枯病菌株、桑炭疽病菌株和柚子炭疽病菌株的菌落有明显的区别。     

6SF-40型加工番茄色选设备性能试验与参数优选

为研究加工番茄色选设备作业参数对其工作性能的影响规律,以分选精度和带出比为评价指标,对传送带速度、工作绝对压力及电磁阀脉频宽度等试验因素进行正交试验,对结果进行极差分析和方差分析,研究各因素对色选设备性能影响的主次关系和影响规律,确定较优工作参数组合.结果表明:输送带速度为0.816m/s、工作绝对压力0.5MPa、电磁阀脉频宽度为20ms时为较优参数组合,分选精度可达98%,带出比低于4,满足工厂加工要求.     

转化土壤中不溶性有机磷和无机磷化合物为可溶性磷酸盐的细菌——Ⅰ.细菌的分离和鉴定

从植物营养的观点出发,转化土壤中不溶性有机磷和无机磷化合物为可溶性磷酸盐的过程具有极重大的意义,结果可以大大地提高土壤的生产力。最近,P.A.曼吉娜(Р.А.Менкина)指出:Bacillus megatherium var .phos-phaticum 与 Serratia var.phosphaticum 能矿化卵磷脂或核酸一类的有机磷化合     

9SZ-2.5A型饲料加工成套设备的设计研究

详细介绍了９ＳＺ－２．５Ａ型饲料加工成套设备的设计原理、依据、设计方法及其结构，并总结了该机的性能特点。     

Characterization of Promising Apricot (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus armeniaca</Emphasis> L.) Genetic Resources in Malatya,Turkey

The study here was conducted on nearly 12,000 apricot seedlings in the Malatya Region in the Eastern part of Turkey. This region is famous for its horticulture based mainly on apricot production and the Country's highest apricot production originates from this region. The flower and fruit characteristics of all populations, which include apricot seedlings, in the region were evaluated. Based on their horticultural performances, 13 genotypes were selected, of which seven were considered as apricots served in dried form and six as in table consumption form. Among the selected genotypes, the fruit weight ranged between 28.5 and 71.19 g, soluble solids ranged between 12.7 and 26.5%, while the range in total acidity was between 0.35 and 1.80% and fruit development period was between 87 and 183 days. To determine the selected genotypes performance in a similar environment, they were grafted on to 4-year-old rootstocks. The results from these combinations showed that there was some decrease, especially in fruit size and soluble solids, in the genotypes performance when compared to the results of the initial observations. Some differences were also detected in taste, fruit shape, pit shape, fruit flesh firmness, skin and flesh colors. The dry fruit yield was determined as 22.50–28.36% for the selected dry apricot genotypes. The dry fruit yield of all seven genotypes considered for dry consumption were similar to ‘Hacıhaliloğlu’ and higher than ‘Canino’, which were evaluated as control cultivars.     

Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of paraquat and diquat in agricultural products

A simple, rapid, highly sensitive liquid chromatographic method is described for the quantitative determination of paraquat and diquat residues in agricultural products. Paraquat and diquat are extracted with hot dilute hydrochloric acid and are cleaned up on an Amberlite CG-50 column, followed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography on an NH2 column, with ultraviolet detection at 257 nm (paraquat) and 310 nm (diquat). The minimum detectable concentration of both paraquat and diquat was 0.5 ng per injection, which corresponds to a lower detection limit of approximately 0.02 microgram/g in the original samples. Recoveries of paraquat and diquat added to various samples were greater than 79%, and averaged 91 and 90%, respectively, at the 0.1 and 1.0 microgram/g spiking levels.     

加工番茄果秧分离参数优化及验证

为满足自走式番茄收获机国产化研究不断推进的需要,采用CCD(central composite design)设计与响应曲面分析(response surface methodology,RSM)对果秧分离性能作优化研究。以收获生产率、摇摆器转速、输料链速度为自变量,果秧分离性能(果秧分离率和果实破损率)为响应指标,建立了二者间的多元数学回归模型,探究了因素间的影响规律及最佳水平组合。通过Design Expert 9.0软件对试验参数进行优化,确定了在满足果秧分离率、果实破损率符合番茄收获机作业质量标准(NYT1824-2009)条件下的最优分离参数组合。结果表明:果秧分离率影响因素显著程度顺序为:摇摆器转速收获生产率输料链速;果实破损率影响因素显著程度顺序为:摇摆器转速输料链速收获生产率;最优参数组合为收获生产率34.2t/h、摇摆器转速为409.3r/min、输料链速为0.71m/s;对应的果秧分离率、果实破损率预测值分别为96.27%、2.12%。经验证,应用响应曲面分析法所得到的果秧分离参数是可行的,该研究可为加工番茄果秧振动分离技术的进一步研究提供理论基础和科学依据,亦可为果品振动收获技术参数的优化提供参考。     

基于3D碳纳米材料固载AChE应用于毒死蜱的检测

为寻找快速、可靠的农药残留检测新方法,利用氧化石墨烯(GO)良好的水溶性分散碳纳米管(CNTs),一维(1D)的CNTs和二维(2D)的GO形成一种3D新型碳纳米复合材料,该复合材料具有疏松多孔的结构,能够有效地增大电极的比表面积。用该材料修饰玻碳电极,并固载乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)制备灵敏度较高、线性范围较宽的有机磷农药生物传感器。采用循环伏安法(CV)研究传感器的电化学性质。利用有机磷农药对AChE的抑制作用,以氯化乙酰胆碱为底物,对毒死蜱进行了检测。结果表明:生物传感器在最优条件下,0.71~71.13μmol/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,最低检出限为0.23μmol/L,且传感器的灵敏度、稳定性及重现性较好,适用于毒死蜱的残留跟踪检测。     

美国玉米生产概述

美国是首创玉米杂交种的国家,也是世界上第一玉米生产大国,其玉米的经济实力最强、技术最先进,美国玉米种植面积、总产量和出口都居世界之首.20世纪90年代统计表明,美国玉米面积为2821.5万hm2,占全世界玉米面积的20.8%;总产量为22230.8万t,占世界玉米总产量的36.7%.美国玉米单产水平达到7240kg/hm2,相当于世界平均单产的1倍.笔者从美国玉米生产概况,即玉米种植区域化及生产专业化、玉米杂种优势利用和玉米病虫草害综合防治技术等方面进行概述.     

孢囊线虫中国新纪录种—朝鲜孢囊线虫（Heterodera koreana）

 孢囊线虫属（Heterodera）线虫目前大约有80种,该线虫分布广泛,是对农作物危害最严重的植物病原线虫之一［1］,对我国的农业生产和粮食安全造成极大的威胁。如,寄生大豆的大豆孢囊线虫（H. glycines）,寄生小麦的禾谷孢囊线虫（H. avenae, H. filipjevi）［1,2］及湖南省水稻上新发现的日本孢囊线虫（H. elachista）［3］。为明确孢囊线虫在中国南方地区的种类及分布,2007~2011年结合形态学和分子生物学技术开展了孢囊线虫调查鉴定,在江西省发现朝鲜孢囊线虫（H. koreana）。该线虫为首次在中国发现。