管理节水模式在农业节水中的应用研究

管理措施可以促进节水工程的高效运行,提高农民的节水积极性,使节水工程能够真正的节水。在节水工程的基础上,针对不同类型的节水工程探索相对的管理模式:地下低压管道水网建设节水工程对应的管理模式为"中心+联合会+用水户协会"管理模式;地上输水渠道水网建设节水工程主要管理模式为水管站式管理。在实地调研的基础上,分析了德州市两种管理措施在节水工程中的作用,总结了它们的主要特点及节水效果:"中心+联合会+用水户协会"可以提高工程节水效率,使水利用系数达到0.95以上。针对德州市不同的节水工程分析其管理措施,可为未来农业节水机制的探讨提供理论依据。     

6种灌木不同器官生物量及其碳、氮含量的分配特征

通过研究晋北地区草地黄刺玫、沙棘、荆条、酸枣、绣线菊和柠条等6种常见灌木的叶片、新生枝、老龄枝生物量及其碳、氮含量的分配特征,旨在为草地准确估算草地植物碳、氮循环提供依据。结果表明:黄刺玫的地上生物量最大,是酸枣的7倍。沙棘叶片生物量占地上生物量的比例最大;黄刺玫新生枝生物量占地上生物量的比例最大;柠条老龄枝生物量占地上生物量的比例最大。黄刺玫、沙棘和荆条的地上部分各器官生物量分配特征相似,由高到低表现为叶片、老龄枝、新生枝;绣线菊、酸枣和柠条的地上部分各器官生物量分配特征相似,由高到低表现为老龄枝、叶片、新生枝。6种灌木地上部分各器官碳含量差异不显著,氮含量分布由高到低为叶片、新生枝、老龄枝。     

桑枝屑香菇与杂木屑香菇的品质比较

以桑枝屑和杂木屑为试材,采用标准及实验室常用方法对香菇营养成分进行测定,研究桑枝屑和杂木屑2种培养料对香菇产量和营养成分(蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、多糖、纤维、部分矿质元素)含量的影响。结果表明:桑枝屑栽培的单袋香菇产量比杂木屑的低6.4%,但生物转化率比木屑的高1.7%,粗蛋白质含量是杂木屑栽培的1.03倍,但总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量都比杂木屑香菇中的略低一些;脂肪含量是杂木屑栽培的1.82倍,纤维含量是杂木屑栽培的1.01倍,多糖含量是杂木屑栽培的1.34倍;重金属铅含量仅为杂木屑的11.3%,均达到国家绿色食品标准;矿质元素除钾元素外,钙、镁、铁、锌均高于杂木屑栽培的香菇。可见,用桑枝屑栽培的香菇子实体的营养性和药用保健性优于杂木屑栽培的香菇。     

河西绿洲灌区留茬覆盖免耕保护性耕作的增产节水效应

试验设20 cm留茬压倒(NPS20),40 cm留茬压倒(NPS40),40 cm立秆(NS40),20 cm立秆(NS20),6 750kg/hm2覆盖(NSB40),3 750 kg/hm2覆盖(NSB20)和传统耕作(CT)7个处理,在节水1 950 m3/hm2的条件下,研究了不同的秸秆覆盖量、留茬高度和秸秆处理对小麦产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和不同时期土壤水分的影响。结果表明,留茬覆盖免耕保护性耕作提高了春小麦的产量,NPS20,NPS40,NS40,NS20,NSB40和NSB20较CT分别增产53.08%,46.59%,40.81%,19.93%,17.33%和4.34%;留茬覆盖免耕保护性耕作提高了春小麦的水分利用效率(WUE)(NPS20,NS40,NPS40,NS20,NSB40,NSB20分别较CT提高58.02%,43.40%,47.27%,23.78%,20.69%,8.56%),但增加了小麦生育期土壤水分支出;不同处理在不同时期对土壤水分的影响不同。     

苜蓿地撂荒过程中土壤-微生物-胞外酶及化学计量的变化

紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)作为优良修复草种在黄土高原广泛种植,然而随着农村人口迁移及土地利用变化,苜蓿人工草地大量弃置的问题已引起广泛关注。为研究苜蓿弃置草地土壤质量变化规律,本研究分析了不同弃置年限(0年、5年和10年)苜蓿草地土壤养分、微生物量、参与土壤碳氮磷(C,N,P)循环的胞外酶活性及其化学计量变化。结果表明：总体上,土壤和微生物C,N含量随弃置年限呈增加趋势,而C,N相关胞外酶活性和化学计量变化幅度较小;土壤和微生物P含量随弃置年限增加而显著降低,但P相关胞外酶活性及化学计量均有不同程度的增加。进一步分析发现：相较于其他土层,表层(0～20 cm)土壤C,N,P含量及其酶活性较高,其变化趋势与总体结果相似;亚表层土壤(20～40 cm)和(80～100 cm)深层土壤C,N,P含量及其酶活性呈先增后减趋势,且各指标较于表层土壤均降低40%～80%。相关分析表明弃置草地土壤由于P匮乏而逐步退化,可通过补施磷肥改善。     

Nash Equilibrium Mechanic of Environmental and Human Capital

The externality of surrounding is introduced into the 2-capital of economical increasing models, which includes human factors, to explore the influences of circumstances contradiction on the human capital formation. The normal and special nash equilibrium of environmental and human capital is presented through a limited boundary model of overlapping generations. The character of equilibrium trail and its economical meaning are examined. The study on the model shows that laissez faire economy will be either stagnant,growing,or collapsing in the long-run,depending on the returns of the learning technology with respect to the two kinds of capital,the initial state of economy,and the relative price of the environmental and consumption goods.     

Concrete Evidence Reseach to the Aacepting Insurance Ability of China''s Non-life Insurance Companies

Owning to the ability of accepting insurance enough,it is the foundation for insurance companies to operate in a long-term and steady way,a method to develop sustainably,a reflection of an insurance company's comprehensive competition ability and also a premise for an insurance company to realize developing strategy.Accepting insurance ability is very important in the development and strategic planning for an insurance company.The quantitative analysis is used to analyze the ability of accepting insurance of our country's insurance companies,in another word,the factor(analysis),which belongs to the analysis of diverse statistic,is used.Using the method to give a concrete evidence analysis to the ability of accepting insurance of our country's non-life insurance companies,so that the insurance companies can understand very well to the advantages and disadvantages of the ability of accepting insurance to each other,and as well as supplying a strategic reference for the insurance companies themselves to make decisive planning.     

Utilizing Industry Solid Wastes as Resource of Building Material in Chongqing

To embed or heap industry solid wastes somewhere will occupy the earth and pollute the environment seriously. So utilizing the industry solid wastes as regeneration resource is important for sustainable development of city. Based on application and research for years in utilizing industry wastes and widely investigation, the produce status of industry solid wastes in Chongqing such as fly ash, desulfuration gypsum, blastfurnace slag and chromium slag are introduced. At the same time,this paper introduces application and research on these wastes in field of building material in Chongqing. Analyze problems and countermeasures during utilizing industry solid wastes as regeneration resource in Chongqing. As a further the prospect of utilizing industry solid wastes as regeneration resource of building material is discussed.     

高度对色斑法测量雨滴粒径影响的试验研究

以前的色斑法雨滴率定只考虑色斑直径与雨滴真实粒径的关系，忽略了高度对率定的影响。在大量试验的基础上，通过回归分析，得到了以色斑直径和高度为变量的率定公式。研究表明，水滴下落高度小于5m时需考虑高度的影响；高度大于5m时，高度的影响可以忽略。通过相关性分析，公式的拟合性较好，对以后的色宽法测量雨滴粒径有指导意义。     

电控喷油器流量特性试验台的设计与试验

论述了开发电控喷油器微机测试系统的意义;为检测电喷发动机喷油性能,介绍了所以8098为核心的喷油器流量试验台;阐述了喷油器流量试验台设计思想、硬件结构和软件设计方法.以高阻型喷油器为例,在整个流量范围内对其进行测试,并对测试数据加以分析总结,得出了该喷油器流量特性的一些重要参数.目前,电控喷油器微机测试系统已投入使用,取得了良好的实际效果.