桑枝屑香菇与杂木屑香菇的品质比较

以桑枝屑和杂木屑为试材,采用标准及实验室常用方法对香菇营养成分进行测定,研究桑枝屑和杂木屑2种培养料对香菇产量和营养成分(蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、多糖、纤维、部分矿质元素)含量的影响。结果表明:桑枝屑栽培的单袋香菇产量比杂木屑的低6.4%,但生物转化率比木屑的高1.7%,粗蛋白质含量是杂木屑栽培的1.03倍,但总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量都比杂木屑香菇中的略低一些;脂肪含量是杂木屑栽培的1.82倍,纤维含量是杂木屑栽培的1.01倍,多糖含量是杂木屑栽培的1.34倍;重金属铅含量仅为杂木屑的11.3%,均达到国家绿色食品标准;矿质元素除钾元素外,钙、镁、铁、锌均高于杂木屑栽培的香菇。可见,用桑枝屑栽培的香菇子实体的营养性和药用保健性优于杂木屑栽培的香菇。     

河西绿洲灌区留茬覆盖免耕保护性耕作的增产节水效应

试验设20 cm留茬压倒(NPS20),40 cm留茬压倒(NPS40),40 cm立秆(NS40),20 cm立秆(NS20),6 750kg/hm2覆盖(NSB40),3 750 kg/hm2覆盖(NSB20)和传统耕作(CT)7个处理,在节水1 950 m3/hm2的条件下,研究了不同的秸秆覆盖量、留茬高度和秸秆处理对小麦产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和不同时期土壤水分的影响。结果表明,留茬覆盖免耕保护性耕作提高了春小麦的产量,NPS20,NPS40,NS40,NS20,NSB40和NSB20较CT分别增产53.08%,46.59%,40.81%,19.93%,17.33%和4.34%;留茬覆盖免耕保护性耕作提高了春小麦的水分利用效率(WUE)(NPS20,NS40,NPS40,NS20,NSB40,NSB20分别较CT提高58.02%,43.40%,47.27%,23.78%,20.69%,8.56%),但增加了小麦生育期土壤水分支出;不同处理在不同时期对土壤水分的影响不同。     

苜蓿地撂荒过程中土壤-微生物-胞外酶及化学计量的变化

紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)作为优良修复草种在黄土高原广泛种植,然而随着农村人口迁移及土地利用变化,苜蓿人工草地大量弃置的问题已引起广泛关注。为研究苜蓿弃置草地土壤质量变化规律,本研究分析了不同弃置年限(0年、5年和10年)苜蓿草地土壤养分、微生物量、参与土壤碳氮磷(C,N,P)循环的胞外酶活性及其化学计量变化。结果表明：总体上,土壤和微生物C,N含量随弃置年限呈增加趋势,而C,N相关胞外酶活性和化学计量变化幅度较小;土壤和微生物P含量随弃置年限增加而显著降低,但P相关胞外酶活性及化学计量均有不同程度的增加。进一步分析发现：相较于其他土层,表层(0～20 cm)土壤C,N,P含量及其酶活性较高,其变化趋势与总体结果相似;亚表层土壤(20～40 cm)和(80～100 cm)深层土壤C,N,P含量及其酶活性呈先增后减趋势,且各指标较于表层土壤均降低40%～80%。相关分析表明弃置草地土壤由于P匮乏而逐步退化,可通过补施磷肥改善。     

Nash Equilibrium Mechanic of Environmental and Human Capital

The externality of surrounding is introduced into the 2-capital of economical increasing models, which includes human factors, to explore the influences of circumstances contradiction on the human capital formation. The normal and special nash equilibrium of environmental and human capital is presented through a limited boundary model of overlapping generations. The character of equilibrium trail and its economical meaning are examined. The study on the model shows that laissez faire economy will be either stagnant,growing,or collapsing in the long-run,depending on the returns of the learning technology with respect to the two kinds of capital,the initial state of economy,and the relative price of the environmental and consumption goods.     

Concrete Evidence Reseach to the Aacepting Insurance Ability of China''s Non-life Insurance Companies

Owning to the ability of accepting insurance enough,it is the foundation for insurance companies to operate in a long-term and steady way,a method to develop sustainably,a reflection of an insurance company's comprehensive competition ability and also a premise for an insurance company to realize developing strategy.Accepting insurance ability is very important in the development and strategic planning for an insurance company.The quantitative analysis is used to analyze the ability of accepting insurance of our country's insurance companies,in another word,the factor(analysis),which belongs to the analysis of diverse statistic,is used.Using the method to give a concrete evidence analysis to the ability of accepting insurance of our country's non-life insurance companies,so that the insurance companies can understand very well to the advantages and disadvantages of the ability of accepting insurance to each other,and as well as supplying a strategic reference for the insurance companies themselves to make decisive planning.     

Utilizing Industry Solid Wastes as Resource of Building Material in Chongqing

To embed or heap industry solid wastes somewhere will occupy the earth and pollute the environment seriously. So utilizing the industry solid wastes as regeneration resource is important for sustainable development of city. Based on application and research for years in utilizing industry wastes and widely investigation, the produce status of industry solid wastes in Chongqing such as fly ash, desulfuration gypsum, blastfurnace slag and chromium slag are introduced. At the same time,this paper introduces application and research on these wastes in field of building material in Chongqing. Analyze problems and countermeasures during utilizing industry solid wastes as regeneration resource in Chongqing. As a further the prospect of utilizing industry solid wastes as regeneration resource of building material is discussed.     

虚拟现实技术在汽车设计中的应用

介绍了虚拟现实的基本概念,论述了汽车设计中出现的有关问题,提出了采用虚拟现实技术解决汽车设计中的相关问题的看法,并介绍了目前虚拟现实技术在汽车设计方面的应用情况。     

农业区地下水位动态变化预测的支

当观测资料的数据量少而又存在多个相互影响或关联的变量时，常用的回归预测模型不能全面考虑多个变量。在地下水位动态变化预测中应用了一种新的方法——支持向量机方法(SVM ) , 该方法属于机器学习理论发展的最新阶段, 具有专门针对有限样本、算法复杂度与样本维数无关等优点。针对一些农区井灌水稻规模扩大而引起地下水资源紧缺的情况，以某井灌水稻地区地下水动态观测资料为研究对象，运用支持向量回归模型，描述其地下水动态变化趋势。     

河北昌黎产区酿酒葡萄“赤霞珠”霜霉病发生情况调查

以酿酒葡萄"赤霞珠"为试验材料,调查了2012—2014年昌黎产区酿酒葡萄"赤霞珠"霜霉病的发生情况。结果表明:葡萄霜霉病在昌黎产区一般从6月下旬开始出现,7—8月是发病高峰期;对葡萄霜霉病的病情指数和气象因子进行相关分析表明,温度、降雨量及空气相对湿度对葡萄霜霉病发生影响较大,昼夜温差和日照时数对该病的发生没有显著影响。     

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of a Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrH9014 in Wheat Line H9014-14-4-6-1

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most widespread and destructive wheat diseases in many wheat-growing regions of the world. The winter wheat translocation line H9014-14-4-6-1 has all stage resistance. To identify stripe rust resistance genes, the segregating populations were developed from the cross between H9014-14-4-6-1 and Mingxian 169 (a wheat cultivar susceptible to all Pst races identified in China). The seedlings of the parents and F 1 plants, F2 , F3 and BC 1 generations were tested with Pst races under controlled greenhouse conditions. Two genes for resistance to stripe rust were identified, one dominant gene conferred resistance to SUN11-4, temporarily designated YrH9014 and the other recessive gene conferred resistance to CYR33. The bulked segregant analysis and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to identify polymorphic markers associated with YrH9014. Seven polymorphic SSR markers were used to genotype the F2 population inoculated with SUN11-4. A linkage map was constructed according to the genotypes of seven SSR markers and resistance gene. The molecular map spanned 24.3 cM, and the genetic distance of the two closest markers Xbarc13 and Xbarc55 to gene locus was 1.4 and 3.6 cM, respectively. Based on the position of SSR marker, the resistance gene YrH9014 was located on chromosome arm 2BS. Amplification of a set of nulli-tetrasomic Chinese Spring lines with SSR marker Xbarc13 indicated that YrH9014 was located on chromosome 2B. Based on chromosomal location, the reaction patterns and pedigree analysis, YrH9014 should be a novel resistance gene to stripe rust. This new gene and flanking markers got from this study should be useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs for stripe rust.