Phosphorylation by p38 MAPK as an alternative pathway for GSK3beta inactivation

Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) is involved in metabolism, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Inhibition of GSK3beta activity is the primary mechanism that regulates this widely expressed active kinase. Although the protein kinase Akt inhibits GSK3beta by phosphorylation at the N terminus, preventing Akt-mediated phosphorylation does not affect the cell-survival pathway activated through the GSK3beta substrate beta-catenin. Here, we show that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) also inactivates GSK3beta by direct phosphorylation at its C terminus, and this inactivation can lead to an accumulation of beta-catenin. p38 MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of GSK3beta occurs primarily in the brain and thymocytes. Activation of beta-catenin-mediated signaling through GSK3beta inhibition provides a potential mechanism for p38 MAPK-mediated survival in specific tissues.     

工作流技术在信息系统中的应用

介绍了工作流技术产生的背景、工作流技术的概念、工作流管理系统的系统结构及与信息系统的关系,最后分析了工作流管理系统的设计及应用价值。     

姜黄素提取与精制工艺研究进展

姜黄素属于药食同源并且为国内外允许使用的食品添加剂。本文综合论述并比较分析了姜黄素的提取工艺,常见的提取工艺有醇提法、酸碱提取法、酶法、水杨酸钠法、超临界CO2萃取法等,以醇提法最为常用。姜黄素精制纯化工艺有聚酰胺吸附法、大孔树脂吸附法、活性碳层析法、硅胶柱层析法、乙酸沉淀法、甲醇-水结晶法、正丙醇重结晶法、混合溶剂分离纯化法等。     

水稻种绳直播机关键工作部件的设计研究

针对目前水稻直播机存在结构复杂、笨重、造价高、机具下陷量大、能耗高、机具转弯半径大、开沟器容易堵塞、每穴粒数调整困难等问题,提出了水稻种绳直播技术并介绍了其基本原理,重点对种绳直播机的种绳播放装置及防堵装置进行了分析计算与结构设计,为水稻种绳直播机的研制开发及有效解决播种机使用过程中存在的问题提供了依据.     

湖龙井茶香气成分的全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱分析

【目的】香气是评价茶叶品质优劣的最重要因子之一,探明茶叶香气的化学组成可进一步丰富茶叶香气化学理论,为改善和提高茶叶香气品质提供重要的科学理论依据。【方法】采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术（GC×GC-TOFMS）与气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）分析西湖龙井茶的香气成分,比较两种分析技术在分离性能上的差异性;结合质谱数据库匹配、化合物保留时间、结构谱图及峰面积等对通过GC×GC-TOFMS分离得到的香气成分进行定性及相对定量分析;进而结合相对高含量化合物（≥0.5%）的气味特征分析西湖龙井茶的特征性香气成分。【结果】通过与GC-MS的总离子流图及色谱峰对比,GC×GC-TOFMS在分离性能上显示出了强大的优越性;定性分析及相对定量分析表明,采用GC×GC-TOFMS技术鉴定出西湖龙井茶样品中存在的522种共性香气成分,归为烯醇、烯、胺、烷烃、醛、烯醛、醚、醇、酯、内酯、烯酯、烯酮、酮、酚、酸、含硫化合物、氮杂环化合物、氧杂环化合物、芳香烃及炔等20类化合物,其中芳香烃的数量最多（77个）,烷烃（50个）、烯（43个）、酯（43个）、酮（41个）次之,炔类最少（3个）;戊烯-3-醇、顺-3-己烯醇、芳樟醇、α-松油醇、香叶醇、丁烷、甲基环戊烷、2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷、十二烷、二十一烷、二十四烷、三十一烷、乙醛、戊醛、己醛、糠醛、庚醛、苯乙醛、壬醛、乙丙醚、2-乙氧基丁烷、乙基丁基醚、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷、戊基乙基醚、正戊醇、叔丁醇、苄醇、苯乙醇、植醇、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、酞酸二丁酯、乙基-2-(5-甲基-5-乙烯基四氢呋喃-2-烯)丙基-2-烯碳酸酯、顺-己酸-3-己烯酯、棕榈酸甲酯、乙偶姻、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、异戊酸、壬酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、二甲基亚砜、苯并噻唑、吲哚、咖啡碱、芳樟醇氧化物（吡喃型）、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、乙苯、丙苯及1-甲基萘这50种挥发性化合物的含量较高（≥0.5%）,对西湖龙井茶的香气品质具有重要影响。特征性香气成分分析表明,具有愉悦气味特征的烯醇、醛、醇、酯及芳香烃等化合物是西湖龙井茶优异香气品质的主要化学物质基础,而无特殊气味或散发难闻气息的烷烃、醚类、酸类、硫化物以及部分低阈值的香气化合物对西湖龙井茶香气品质的贡献程度也具有一定的研究价值。【结论】该技术在茶叶香气成分分析上的成功应用,可以弥补一维气相色谱分析上的缺陷,使可分析的香气化合物数量提高5倍以上,为后续深入研究茶叶香气成分的化学组成以及揭示茶叶香气品质的形成机理提供先进的技术支撑。     

EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL SUBSTRATES TO MONITOR RESPIRATORY NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN SOILS

Different inorganic ions were tested for their ability to replace nitrate as the terminal oxidant for bacterial respiration in anaerobic soils. Chlorate, bromate. selenate. tellurite and ferric ions were all unsuitable substitutes, lodate reduction in soils was similar to nitrate reduction because it required anaerobic conditions, was increased by glucose amendment and decreased by phenylmercuric acetate. Amendment of soils with iodate and measurement of iodide production can be used to measure nitrate reductase activity in a soil and so give a qualitative indication, and possibly a quantitative estimate, of the denitrification capacity of soils.     

Insulin and IGF-I receptors and tyrosine kinase activity in carp ovaries: changes with reproductive cycle

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors from carp ovaries were semipurified with wheat germ agglutinin at different moments of the reproductive cycle and their binding characteristics and tyrosine kinase activity were studied. Specific receptors for insulin and IGF-I were found. IGF-I receptors presented higher binding (23.8 ± 1.5%), number of receptors (965 ± 20fm/mg) and affinity (K_D 0.24 ± 0.03nM) than those shown for insulin receptors (4.1 ± 1%, 530 ± 85fm/mg and 0.85 ± 0.1nM, respectively). Insulin and IGF-I receptors have a tyrosine kinase activity which is not different from that found in muscle of the same species. Seasonal changes were found in binding, with maximum values for insulin and IGF-I reached at the end of pre-spawning period (June). However, while IGF-I binding was observed in all stages, insulin binding decreased in autumn and disappeared in winter, which suggests a different role for the two peptides in ovarian physiology.     

鹿茸对雌性小鼠生殖功能的影响

目的本试验旨在探究鹿茸对雌性小鼠生殖功能的影响。方法雌性昆明小鼠48只随机分为空白对照组以及3mg/kg低剂量组、6mg/kg中剂量组和12mg/kg高剂量组,连续经口灌胃鹿茸14d。结果高剂量组小鼠的雌二醇水平、性器官脏器指数显著高于空白对照组;中剂量组和高剂量组小鼠的子宫外径显著高于空白对照组。结论灌胃给药12mg/kg鹿茸时,可使雌二醇含量增高,促进雌性器官生长发育,增强雌性昆明小鼠生殖功能。     

Fish-based methods for assessing European running waters: a synthesis

Abstract  The European Union, Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires monitoring of riverine fish fauna. When the WFD came into force in 2000, most of the EU member states did not have fish-based assessment methods compliant to WFD requirements. Therefore, the objectives of FAME ( http://fame.boku.ac.at ), a project under the fifth R&D Framework Programme of the European Commission were to develop, evaluate and implement a standardised fish-based method for assessing the ecological status of European running waters. This paper synthesises the outputs of FAME and defines future research needs. Two different methodologies were used: the so-called spatially based modelling and the site-specific modelling, the latter leading to the European Fish Index (EFI). The advantage of the EFI is that, despite being a single index, it is applicable to a wide range of environmental conditions across Europe precluding the need for inter-calibration. The EFI will support the WFD towards harmonised/standardised assessment and management of running waters in Europe, thus enabling comparative analyses of the ecological status of running waters across Europe.     

Soybean meal alters autochthonous microbial populations, microvilli morphology and compromises intestinal enterocyte integrity of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

Rainbow trout were fed either a diet containing fishmeal (FM) as the crude protein source or a diet containing 50% replacement with soybean meal (SBM) for 16 weeks. An enteritis-like effect was observed in the SBM group; villi, enterocytes and microvilli were noticeably damaged compared with the FM group. The posterior intestine microvilli of SBM-fed fish were significantly shorter and the anterior intestine microvilli significantly less dense than the FM-fed fish. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of autochthonous bacterial populations associated with microvilli of both fish groups. Reduced density of microvilli consequently led to increased exposure of enterocyte tight junctions, which combined with necrotic enterocytes is likely to diminish the protective barrier of the intestinal epithelium. No significant differences in total viable counts of culturable microbial populations were found between the groups in any of the intestinal regions. A total of 1500 isolates were tentatively placed into groups or genera, according to standard methods. Subsequent partial 16S rRNA sequencing revealed species that have not been identified from the rainbow trout intestine previously. Compared with the FM group levels of Psychrobacter spp. and yeast were considerably higher in the SBM group; a reduction of Aeromonas spp. was also observed.