塔里木河中下游地下水动态在线监测系统的设计与应用

针对塔里木河中下游地下水动态在线监测现状,有效利用网络简化数据,增加预报、预警功能及优化供电系统。结果表明,在塔里木河中下游安装设备,完成了远程传输及分析数据,以18 d实时监测数据为依据,地下水位在3.462～3.617 m波动。以胡杨生长的地下水位阈值为判断依据,此位置地下水位位于0.50～4.71 m,未越过良好与胁迫生长阈值,在胡杨长势良好范围内,即胡杨长势良好,不产生预报预警信息。该地下水监测系统可以用于塔里木河中下游地下水位动态监测工作。     

茵陈蒿汤加味配合西药治疗犬传染性肝炎的试验研究

为了观察3种治疗方法治疗犬传染性肝炎的疗效并进行对比，选出较好的治疗方案，以提高犬传染性肝炎的治愈率。本研究选宠物医院确诊为犬传染性肝炎的病犬60只，将患犬随机分4组，分别采用茵陈篙汤加味配合西药、单用茵陈篙汤加味、单用西药的治疗方法，并设对照组。结果显示，茵陈篙汤加味配合西药组的治愈率86.67%；茵陈篙汤加味组治愈率73.33%；西药组治愈率66.67%；对照组治愈率为0。试验表明，采用茵陈篙汤加味配合西药治疗犬传染性肝炎的疗效高于其他两种方法，为临床治疗该病提供了确实可行的治疗方法。     

辣椒新品种天椒16 号的选育

天椒16 号是以45-2-1-1-1-1 为母本，以76-1-1-1-1-1 为父本配制而成的辣椒一代杂种。中熟，始花节位为第 10～12 节。果实羊角形，青熟果深绿色，果面皱，果长25.56 cm，果径5.83 cm，单果质量103.8 g，辣味淡，具有良好的商 品性。每667 m² 产量可达5 000 kg 以上，田间对辣椒病毒病、疫病、炭疽病和白粉病的抗性强于对照陇椒2 号。适宜在甘 肃省进行保护地和露地栽培。     

Basal internode elongation of rice as affected by light intensity and leaf area

Short basal internodes are important for lodging resistance of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Several canopy indices affect the elongation of basal internodes,but uncertainty as to the key factors determining elongation of basal internodes persists.The objectives of this study were(1)to identify key factors affecting the elongation of basal internodes and(2)to establish a quantitative relationship between basal internode length and canopy indices.An inbred rice cultivar,Yinjingruanzhan,was grown in two split-plot field experiments with three N rates(0,75,and 150 kg N ha−1 in early season and 0,90,and 180 kg N ha−1 in late season)as main plots,three seedling densities(16.7,75.0,and 187.5 seedlings m−2)as subplots,and three replications in the 2015 early and late seasons in Guangzhou,China.Light intensity at base of canopy(Lb),light quality as determined from red/far-red light ratio(R/FR),light transmission ratio(LTR),leaf area index(LAI),leaf N concentration(NLV)and final length of second internode(counted from soil surface upward)(FIL)were recorded.Higher N rate and seedling density resulted in significantly longer FIL.FIL was negatively correlated with Lb,LTR,and R/FR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with LAI(P<0.01),but not correlated with NLV(P>0.05).Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that FIL was strongly associated with Lb and LAI(R2=0.82).Heavy N application to pot-grown rice at the beginning of first internode elongation did not change FIL.We conclude that FIL is determined mainly by Lb and LAI at jointing stage.NLV has no direct effect on the elongation of basal internodes.N application indirectly affects FIL by changing LAI and light conditions in the rice canopy.Reducing LAI and improving canopy light transmission at jointing stage can shorten the basal internodes and increase the lodging resistance of rice.     

重要经济竹种快繁技术

对中国云南、福建、浙江、重庆、四川、广东等地竹种进行了调查，选择当地主产具有重要经济价值的竹子开展组培快繁技术试验研究。结果表明：1）16个竹种在主产地具有较高的经济效益；2）组培外植体以播种苗枝条为最佳，其次依次为种子、无性繁殖苗枝条、成年竹枝条；3）16个竹种的组培效果表现为：马来龙竹 > 麻竹 > 绿竹 > 龙竹 > 香糯竹 > 巨龙竹 > 高氏甜龙竹 > 勃氏甜龙竹 > 版纳甜龙竹 > 筇竹 > 金佛山方竹 > 云南方竹 > 苦竹 > 毛竹 > 雷竹 > 中华大节竹；4）16个竹种组培苗的造林效果表现为：马来龙竹 > 龙竹 > 麻竹 > 高氏甜龙竹 > 勃氏甜龙竹 > 巨龙竹 > 绿竹 > 版纳甜龙竹 > 香糯竹 > 毛竹 > 雷竹 > 中华大节竹 > 金佛山方竹 > 云南方竹 > 苦竹 > 筇竹。组培技术的应用极大促进了重要经济竹种的繁殖推广。     

适宜山东菏泽地区种植的全株青贮玉米品种筛选试验

山东省菏泽市及周边地区玉米种植广泛,全株玉米青贮用于养殖牛羊越来越多,为选择出高产优质全株青贮玉米品种,采取随机区组设计,从多个玉米品种中选择7个进行种植试验,对各品种收获期、株高、鲜重、干重、粗蛋白质含量等生产性能和营养指标进行测定。从筛选试验结果来看,渝青386号植株高大、双果穗多、果穗饱满,抗逆性好,可消化营养物质含量高,干物质产量达到18402.67 kg·hm^-2,收割时粗蛋白质含量为8.59%,适合菏泽市及周边地区青贮玉米种植。玉米品种奥玉5102号、先禾518号和大京九4059号也相对较好。     

Variation in glomalin in soil profiles and its association with climatic conditions,shelterbelt characteristics,and soil properties in poplar shelterbelts of Northeast China

Glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP)sequesters large amounts of carbon and plays important roles in maintaining terrestrial soil ecosystem functions and ecological restoration;however,little is known about GRSP variation in 1-m soil profiles and its association with stand characteristics,soil properties,and climatic conditions,hindering GRSP-related degraded soil improvement and GRSP evaluation.In this study,we sampled soils from 1-m profiles from poplar(Populus spp.)shelterbelts in Northeast China.GRSP contents were 1.8–2.0 times higher in the upper 40 cm soil layers than at 40–100 cm.GRSP-related soil organic carbon(SOC)sequestration in deeper soil layers was*1.2 times higher than in surface layers.The amounts of GRSP-related nutrients were similar throughout the soil profile.A redundancy analysis showed that in both surface and deeper layers,soil properties(pH,electrical conductivity,water,SOC,and soil nutrients)explained the majority of the GRSP variation(59.5–84.2%);the second-most-important factor in GRSP regulation was climatic conditions(temperature,precipitation,and altitude),while specific shelterbelt characteristics had negligible effects(<5%).Soil depth and climate indirectly affected GRSP features via soil properties,as manifested by structural equation model analysis.Our findings demonstrate that GRSP is important for carbon storage in deep soils,regardless of shelterbelt characteristics.Future glomalin assessments should consider these vertical patterns and possible regulating mechanisms that are related to soil properties and climatic changes.     

高温秸秆降解菌的筛选及其纤维素酶活性研究

筛选能在高温（55~75℃）好氧堆肥中高效降解纤维素的菌株，并评估其降解秸秆的能力与产纤维素酶的热稳定性。从高温期堆肥中采样，以水稻秸秆粉为唯一碳源，通过55、65℃和75℃连续高温传代驯化并分离筛选耐高温菌，结合水解圈和水稻秸秆崩解试验筛选不同高温下高效降解秸秆的目标菌株，采用16S rRNA测序和系统发育分析鉴定目标菌株分类地位，通过分析目标菌株纤维素降解相关酶在50~90℃之间的热稳定性，解析其高温适应性机制，评价其在实际生产中的应用潜力。高温驯化分离得到13株耐高温降解菌，其中B-5、B-6、B-7和B-11的纤维素和秸秆降解能力较强，而只有B-7和B-11在55~65℃和75℃具有高效降解水稻秸秆的能力，将其认定为目标菌株。系统发育分析表明B-7和B-11菌株与芽孢杆菌科高度相似，分别命名为短小芽孢杆菌B-7和嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌B-11。酶活热稳定性分析发现B-7和B-11各纤维素酶活性在50~90℃之间先升高后降低，其最适温度范围不同，分别为55~65℃和70~80℃，其中B-11在85℃时的相对酶活仍高于60%。研究表明，菌株B-7和B-11是耐高温高效秸秆降解菌，其具有不同高温偏好性，纤维素酶热稳定性强，在秸秆高温好氧堆肥中具有潜在的应用前景。     

栖霞市苹果园氮磷养分平衡及环境风险评价

栖霞市是中国最主要的苹果产区之一,近年来果园单位面积养分的大量投入造成了区域氮、磷元素的过量富集,进而对当地的土壤、水资源、大气等环境要素造成一定的污染。因此,了解苹果主产区施肥现状,并科学评价其环境风险具有重要的现实意义。以栖霞市为研究区域,通过实地调研、田间试验、室内模拟等方法,分析了苹果园氮磷养分的输入量及输出量,进而构建养分平衡模型,对区域环境风险进行了综合评价。研究结果表明:1)2018年栖霞市苹果园养分投入量为:有机质5360.28 kg/hm^2,N 545 kg/hm^2,P2O5568.76 kg/hm^2,K2O 712.57 kg/hm^2;2)氮素的气态损失、果实及枝条带走量各占输入总量的6.49%、24.34%、3.12%,盈余率达66.04%(402.97 kg/hm^2);磷素被果实和枝条带走量分别占输入总量的12.33%和2.55%,盈余率达85.12%(484.75 kg/hm^2);栖霞市氮、磷盈余量均超出环境安全的阈值,分别属于中风险和高风险范围。因此,在保证果园产量与品质的前提下,适当减少化肥使用量、逐步建立水肥一体化的果园施肥模式、提升果农科学的管理经验,应成为果园可持续发展的主攻方向。