种肥播施方式对红壤旱地油菜产量及肥料利用率的影响

In order to explicit proper sowing and fertilizing methods of rapeseed production in red-soil dryland, a two-year field experiment covering two rapeseed seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) was conducted with four treatments of sowing and fertilizing methods to analyze the impact on yield formation and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed, including conventional sowing and fertilizing method (T1), sowing in row with surface broadcast fertilizing (T2), synchronous sowing in uniform row with side deep fertilizing (T3) and synchronous sowing in wide-narrow row with side deep fertilizing (T4). The results were as follows: The yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed in red-soil dryland were significantly affected by sowing and fertilizing methods. Besides, these differences were more significant in poor soil condition and drought season (2017-2018) than those in nutrient-rich soil condition and rainy season (2018-2019). Compared with T1 and T2, T3 and T4 promoted the yield formation and increased its fertilizer use efficiency significantly, whereas there was no significant difference between T3 and T4. Specifically, the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing could improve dry matter production during the whole growth period of rapeseed, especially from anthesis to maturity, with a corresponding rise of dry matter accumulation of both underground and aboveground after anthesis. Meanwhile, compared with the conventional cultivation, the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing increased the uptake of nutrients (N, P and K), effective plant density and maintained sufficient pod number, and thus improved the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed. This study indicated that the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing had the potential of improving rapeseed productivity in red-soil dryland of southern China. Therefore, it should be suggested to promote the application according to local condition.     

小麦与不同作物间作模式对麦蚜及主要捕食性天敌群落的影响

应用群落生态学结构变化特征的研究方法,研究了小麦与油菜、荷兰豆间作和单作麦田3种栽培模式条件下对麦田麦蚜及主要天敌群落的影响。结果表明,捕食性天敌的丰盛度和昆虫群落的稳定性,麦套荷兰豆最高,其次为麦套油菜田、单作麦田最低;麦套荷兰豆田麦蚜亚群落稳定性较好,单作麦田捕食性天敌亚群落的稳定性较好。麦蚜亚群落主要特征值分析表明,多样性指数和均匀度为:麦套荷兰豆>单作麦田>麦套油菜,优势度和优势集中性指数为:麦套油菜>单作麦田>麦套荷兰豆;主要捕食性天敌亚群落的多样性指数和均匀度为:单作麦田>麦套油菜>麦套荷兰豆,优势度和优势集中性指数为:麦套荷兰豆田>麦套油菜田>单作麦田。     

不同饲养方式对固始鸡生产性能的影响

将固始鸡饲养至4周后,分别笼养和放养至18周,测量其体尺、屠体性能,到42周龄测量蛋品质。结果表明,笼养和放养的活重差异显著(P>0.05),其余屠宰指标差异不显著;蛋品质除了蛋重和蛋壳厚度差异显著(P<0.05)外,其余指标差异均不显著;放养条件下,纤维素酶高于笼养,而对总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶影响不显著。     

种植密度对黑龙江省不同年代育成大豆品种产量和品质的影响

为了明确黑龙江省不同年代育成大豆品种耐密性的遗传改良效果,选用黑龙江省不同年代育成的5个大豆品种为试验材料,通过田间试验,研究密度对产量和品质的影响。结果表明,不同年代育成品种之间和不同种植密度处理之间产量差异均达到极显著水平,种植密度为30.0万株/hm2条件下,产量增加百分率呈由低到高再降低的单峰曲线变化趋势;密度为37.5万株/hm2条件下,变化趋势与之相反,2种种植密度条件下产量增加百分率与品种育成年代相关均达到显著水平;不同年代育成大豆品种最大种植密度变化为高—低—高的趋势。不同年代育成品种之间和不同种植密度处理之间蛋白质和脂肪含量差异均达到极显著水平;不同年代育成品种在30.0万株/hm2和37.5万株/hm2条件下,蛋白质增加百分率与品种育成年代相关达到显著水平,脂肪含量降低百分率与品种育成年代相关达到显著水平。综上所述,从产量和品质的变化趋势可以看出,黑龙江省不同年代育成大豆品种耐密性呈高—低—高的变化趋势。     

新疆小麦Psy-A1、Ppo-A1、Ppo-D1、TaLox-B1等位变异对面粉色泽的影响

利用已开发的面粉色泽相关性状基因的分子标记,检测了182份新疆小麦品种(系)的Psy-A1、Ppo-A1、Ppo-D1、Ta Lox-B1等位变异,并结合表型鉴定结果,分析不同等位变异对面粉色泽的影响。结果表明,单基因等位变异对面粉色泽的影响不同,其中4个基因等位变异L*值的差异均不显著;对a*值的效应,Psy-A1a高于Psy-A1b(P0.01),Ppo-A1b高于Ppo-A1a(P0.05),Ta Lox-B1a高于Ta Lox-B1b(P0.05);Psy-A1a基因型的b*值高于Psy-A1b基因型(P0.01);Psy-A1a基因型的Wht值低于Psy-A1b基因型(P0.01)。说明Psy-A1是影响面粉色泽(红度、黄度和白度)的重要基因,而Ppo-A1和Ta Lox-B1基因的等位变异只对面粉红度有显著影响。4个检测基因共有12种等位变异组合,对a*、b*和Wht值有显著效应(P0.01),但对L*值影响不显著(P0.05);Psy-A1b/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b/Ta Lox-B1b组合具有最高的Wht值和最低的a*、b*值,Psy-A1a/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b/Ta Lox-B1a组合具有最低的Wht值和最高的a*、b*值。182份品种的Wht值平均为86.86,其中审定品种平均为86.87,冬小麦品种为86.42,春小麦品种为87.32。青春5号具有优良的基因型和较高的面粉白度,应加强利用。总体来看,改良新疆小麦面粉的白度,应重点加强对Psy-A1基因的选择,提高Psy-A1b比例。     

Calculation and Analysis of Finite Elements for Necked-inward Varied-section-beam

The calculation and analysis of static and modal are fulfilled with ANSYS for the entire super-architecture, its results are compared with that with TBSA and prepared for later pattern of particular analysis of finite elements. The new material pattern so-called Necked-inward Node is presented for necked-inward varied-section beams of super-architecture, ordinary software but ANSYS for the analysis of pattern is not fit.     

Application of ANSYS to Finite Element Analysis for Nonlinear Masonry Structures

ANSYS has become an effective tool for finite element analysis of masonry structure, but there is few common conclusions for reference. According to the characteristics of ANSYS and the essence of the analysis, some key problems in finite element analysis of masonry structure with ANSYS, such as structural modelling, material constitution, the damage criterion, iterative algorithm, convergence criterion, simulation of prestressing force and so on, are discussed in this paper. Based on the test results of typical masonry structures, the applicability of ANSYS to masonry structural analysis is studied and some suggestions for the application of ANSYS are presented.     

干旱胁迫诱导新疆野苹果细胞程序性死亡的细胞形态学研究

用聚乙二醇(Polyethylene glycol,PEG6000)处理新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii(Ledeb)Roem.)幼苗。通过对其叶片及根系中各细胞器的超微结构分析发现,干旱胁迫能诱导新疆野苹果发生细胞程序性死亡,并具有以下特点:随着干旱处理时间的延长,根系中各细胞器形态结构发生变化的时间普遍早于叶片;同是叶片,海绵组织中各细胞器形态结构发生变化的时间早于栅栏组织;同是根系,皮层细胞中各细胞器形态结构变化的时间普遍早于中柱细胞。     

百合属七种植物的引种栽培——生长发育规律研究

对分布于我国不同地区的七种百合引种至贵阳后的生长发育规律进行比较研究。对其生长、发育及开花特性等观察结果表明,异地栽培后百合仍保持原有的生物学特征,并提出百合属引种栽培及利用中应注意的关键问题。     

水分胁迫下葡萄叶片中几种物质含量的变化

以两个抗旱性不同的葡萄幼树为试材，测定了水分胁迫期间叶片中甜菜碱、可溶性糖及其组分、游离氨基酸和有机酸含量的变化。结果表明，水分胁迫下葡萄叶片中可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量增加，并且随着胁迫程度的增加持续上升。抗旱性较强的龙眼葡萄比抗旱性较弱的晚红葡萄增加的幅度更大。水分胁迫对葡萄叶片中可溶性糖的影响主要是增加了肌醇、果糖和葡山甘(葡萄糖 山梨醇 甘露醇)的含量。在水分胁迫过程中，抗旱性不同的两个葡萄品种叶片中甜菜碱和有机酸含量始终处于很低的水平，没有观察到显著的变化。