5种细胞质雄性不育小麦败育过程中活性氧代谢保护酶的响应

为了解异质雄性不育小麦败育过程中活性氧代谢中几种保护酶的变化特点,以5种小麦雄性不育系U116A、Ju116A、Va116A、C6116A、K116A及其相应保持系116B为材料,分析了小麦雄性不育系在花药不同发育时期的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与保持系的差异。结果表明,不育花药的POD活性自单核早期后均比同一发育时期的可育花药高;自单核晚期开始,不育系CAT活性总体上呈下降趋势,而可育系则呈升高趋势;受试材料花药中SOD活性总体呈上升趋势,且不育系高于保持系。经差异分析,不育系U116A、Ju116A、Va116A、C6116A的败育关键期是单核晚期,而K116A的败育关键期则是单核晚期至二核期。以上结果说明,5种异质小麦雄性败育时期有所不同,并且雄性育性与POD、CAT和SOD活性密切相关。     

Ochracenoids A and B,Guaiazulene-Based Analogues from Gorgonian Anthogorgia ochracea Collected from the South China Sea

Two new guaiazulene-based analogues, ochracenoids A (1) and B (2), along with four known analogues (3–6), were isolated from the gorgonian Anthogorgia ochracea collected from the South China Sea. The planar structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined as 3R by the comparison of TDDFT calculated electronic circular dichroism with its experimental spectrum. Compound 1 is a rare guaiazulene-based analogue possessing a unique C₁₆ skeleton. The possible generation process of 1 through an intermolecular one-carbon-transfer reaction was also discussed. Compound 2 was previously described as a presumed intermediate involved in the biogenesis of anthogorgienes A and I. Compound 3 exhibited antiproliferative effects on the embryo development of zebrafish Danio rerio.     

Aaptamine Derivatives with Antifungal and Anti-HIV-1 Activities from the South China Sea Sponge Aaptos aaptos

Five new alkaloids of aaptamine family, compounds (1–5) and three known derivatives (6–8), have been isolated from the South China Sea sponge Aaptos aaptos. The structures of all compounds were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, as well as by comparison with the literature data. Compounds 1–2 are characterized with triazapyrene lactam skeleton, whereas compounds 4–5 share an imidazole-fused aaptamine moiety. These compounds were evaluated in antifungal and anti-HIV-1 assays. Compounds 3, 7, and 8 showed antifungal activity against six fungi, with MIC values in the range of 4 to 64 μg/mL. Compounds 7–8 exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity, with inhibitory rates of 88.0% and 72.3%, respectively, at a concentration of 10 μM.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Some New Aza-B-homocholestane Derivatives as Anticancer Agents

Using analogues of some marine steroidal oximes as precursors, a series of aza-B-homocholestane derivatives possessing different substituted groups at the 3-position of the steroidal nucleus were synthesized. Their biological activity against cancer cell proliferation was determined with multiple cancer cell lines. Aza-B-homocholestane derivatives possessing 3-hydroxyl, 3-hydroximino and 3-thiosemicarbazone groups displayed remarkable cytotoxicity to cancer cells via apoptosis inducing mechanism. Compounds 5, 10, 12, 15 and 18 exhibited better potency to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In addition, compound 15 was further evaluated with three dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids assay to determine its potency against spheroid growth. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) generated in the studies is valuable for the design of novel chemotherapeutic agents.     

激光诱导击穿原子光谱在土壤分析中的应用

土壤分析是土壤学研究及应用的前提和基础,传统化学土壤分析方法逐渐不能适应现代土壤学海量信息数据快速获取的需求。激光诱导击穿光谱作为一种全新的、反映土壤组成元素原子信息的光谱技术,其无需对样品进行复杂前处理,可实现原位、快速、多元素连续在线检测,每条光谱记录土壤样本独一无二的特征,可以视为土壤“指纹”,成为现代土壤分析的有效技术之一。首先介绍和分析了激光诱导击穿原子光谱的原理、光谱获取的主要影响因素、光谱数据处理的化学计量学方法等;然后阐述和梳理了基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术在土壤分析方面的应用成果和进展,包括土壤鉴定、土壤养分评估、土壤重金属测定、微观/介观尺度土壤原位表征等;最后讨论和总结了激光诱导击穿光谱技术在土壤分析中所面临的挑战及其应用展望。     

水稻雌雄不育突变体Osfma2的细胞学观察及基因图位克隆

【目的】通过构建分离群体定位并克隆水稻雌雄不育基因OsFMA2,并对其在水稻育性调控中的功能进行探究。【方法】通过EMS诱变水稻宁粳4号得到稳定的不育突变体,对突变体进行表型及细胞学观察,利用精细定位和Mut-map相结合的方法克隆了水稻雌雄不育基因OsFMA2,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测其在各组织表达水平差异,利用水稻原生质体表达系统进行OsFMA2蛋白的亚细胞定位。【结果】细胞学观察发现突变体为雌雄不育。利用极端个体将其精细定位于水稻第6染色体长臂448 kb的区间内。结合全基因组重测序结果,最终确定OsFMA2为目标基因。该基因编码一个复制蛋白,在单子叶植物中高度保守。OsFMA2具有组织特异性,在幼穗中高表达。亚细胞定位结果显示OsFMA2蛋白定位于细胞核中。【结论】OsFMA2在幼穗中高表达,可能参与了水稻雄配子第一次减数分裂前期同源重组过程,同时,OsFMA2的表达对雌配子发育也产生了不利影响。     

用马克思主义唯物辩证法看生态文明建设

运用马克思主义唯物辩证法,提出生态环境恶化问题已成为社会的主要矛盾之一,要正确处理“生态文明建设”与“经济建设”之间的关系,充分认识林业在生态文明建设中的重要地位和作用,提出必须大力加强林业建设,为经济建设打牢基础,助力实现中国梦.     

基于北斗和GPS的双模田间作业机车定位系统

为获取田间作业机车空间信息和运行信息,设计了一种基于北斗/GPS的双模定位系统。采用单片机对北斗/GPS双模接收机模块输出的数据进行解析,可以得到作业机车的位置、运行状态和作业状态等信息。上位机可以实时对车辆运行信息进行监控和储存,为实现田间机车智能化调度提供了可靠依据。     

CIMMYT小麦种质在山东麦区产量和品质性状评价及利用

本试验对226份CIMMYT小麦种质的产量构成因素、籽粒品质、面筋特性、面团揉混特性和淀粉糊化特性等进行了研究分析。结果表明:226份CIMMYT小麦种质的每穗小穗数平均值为16.4个,与当地主推品种济麦22相当;穗粒数平均为41.9个,比济麦22多2.3个,最高达60.2个;千粒重平均为38.7 g。籽粒硬度较高,90的有22份,最高为97。82.8%的材料其籽粒蛋白含量在12.5%~14.5%之间。大部分材料的沉淀值在37~46 ml之间,最大值为64.5 ml;沉淀值40 ml的材料占66.9%,其中7份材料的沉淀值在60ml以上。湿面筋含量变异幅度较大,在25.7%~57.2%之间;干面筋值的变异幅度较小,大部分材料集中在10~13 g,最大值为18.4 g;面筋指数高,94%的材料占66.2%;筛选出湿面筋含量35%、干面筋值13.0g、面筋指数在94%以上的材料10份。揉混仪参数峰值宽度变异幅度较大,在180~440 B.U.之间,有51份材料的峰值宽度300 B.U.;8 cm峰宽分布集中在70~180 B.U.,最宽达320 B.U.;衰落角分布集中在6°~16°;筛选出峰值宽度300 B.U.以上、8 cm峰宽190 B.U.以上且衰落角10°的材料7份。淀粉RVA糊化特性的峰值粘度分布集中在2 800~3 400 cP之间,最高值达3 887 cP;稀懈值集中在900~1 200 cP;回升值集中在1 200~1 500 cP;筛选出峰值粘度高于3 000 cP、稀懈值高于1 300 cP且回升值1 300 cP的材料42份。筛选出的这些材料可作为山东省小麦育种和品质改良的优异亲本,并且部分材料已被用于小麦育种中。     

受限空间下散热对微火焰稳定性的影响

以无水液体乙醇为燃料,用铁铬合金电热丝为燃烧室内反应物加热,采用实验与数值模拟相结合的方法研究乙醇-空气小尺度层流扩散火焰散热对受限空间微火焰稳定性的影响。结果表明,采用电热丝向受限空间内的燃烧反应物加热,可以减少散热损失的影响,对稳燃有一定的帮助。电加热功率为合适值时,稳定燃烧极限最宽。电加热可提高火焰温度,增大化学反应速率,使火焰中心向上游移动。一定范围内,电加热功率的增幅大于散热的增幅,外加热功率对散热损失有抑制作用,增强微火焰的稳定性。