Effect of Desmopressin Acetate on Bleeding Times and Plasma von Willebrand Factor in Doberman Pinscher Dogs with von Willebrand''s Disease

Effects of desmopressin acetate (1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin [DDAVP]) on plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf) were studied in 12 purebred Doberman pinschers confirmed to have von Willebrand's disease (vWd) (plasma vWf antigen [vWf:Ag] concentrations, less than 30 U/dl). Twelve dogs had subnormal plasma botrocetin cofactor (BCf) activity and 11 dogs had prolonged buccal mucosa bleeding times. Tranquilization of three dogs with lenperone and three dogs with xylazine did not induce significant changes in mean plasma vWf:Ag concentrations or mean BCf activities. Thirty and 120 minutes after administration of DDAVP (1 micrograms/kg subcutaneously), there was significant shortening of the mean buccal mucosa bleeding time. Ten dogs responded to DDAVP with increases in BCf activity which exceeded 10 U/dl at 30 or 120 minutes, or both, after the drug was administered. At the same time, increases in plasma vWf:Ag concentrations were smaller than the increases in BCf activity. It was shown by multimeric analysis that primarily the higher molecular weight forms of vWf increased in plasma in response to DDAVP.     

Fine structure of the peritrichous ectocommensal Zoothamnium sp. with emphasis on its mode of attachment to penaeid shrimp

Abstract. The colonial peritrich Zoottiamnium sp. is a common ectocommensal of shrimp. Heavy branchial infestations of this protozoan can cause mass mortalities of commercially important penaeid species in shrimp culture. In an effort to better understand the morphology of these organisms, the ciliates and their attachment to gills and pereiopods of Penaeus aztecus and P. setiferus were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Each zooid contains peristomial rows of cilia, numerous food vacuoles, a large macronucleus, one or more contractile vacuoles, freeribosomes, abundant mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The contractile spasmonehie is surrounded by striated tubules that appear to develop from scopular cilia. The pellicular surface is crenated and has numerous pores. The base of the ciliate's stalk forms a circular disc that fuses with the epicuticle but does not penetrate the underlying cuticle or epithelium. Intertwining microfibrils and osmiophilic particles in the stalk accumulate along the base and merge with the cuticular surface coat. This mode of attachment inflicts no damage to the host tissue and elicits no appreciable pathological response. The shrimp apparently suffocate when dense colonies reduce the respiratory surface area.     

An In Vitro Biomechanical Comparison of Equine Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis Techniques: An Axial Positioned Dynamic Compression Plate and Two Abaxial Transarticular Cortical Screws Inserted in Lag Fashion Versus Three Parallel Transarticular Cortical Screws Inserted in Lag Fashion

Objectives— To compare in vitro monotonic biomechanical properties of an axial 3‐hole, 4.5 mm narrow dynamic compression plate (DCP) using 5.5 mm cortical screws in conjunction with 2 abaxial transarticular 5.5 mm cortical screws inserted in lag fashion (DCP‐TLS) with 3 parallel transarticular 5.5 mm cortical screws inserted in lag fashion (3‐TLS) for the equine proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthrodesis. Study Design— Paired in vitro biomechanical testing of 2 methods of stabilizing cadaveric adult equine forelimb PIP joints. Sample Population— Cadaveric adult equine forelimbs (n=15 pairs). Methods— For each forelimb pair, 1 PIP joint was stabilized with an axial 3‐hole narrow DCP (4.5 mm) using 5.5 mm cortical screws in conjunction with 2 abaxial transarticular 5.5 mm cortical screws inserted in lag fashion and 1 with 3 parallel transarticular 5.5 mm cortical screws inserted in lag fashion. Five matching pairs of constructs were tested in single cycle to failure under axial compression, 5 construct pairs were tested for cyclic fatigue under axial compression, and 5 construct pairs were tested in single cycle to failure under torsional loading. Mean values for each fixation method were compared using a paired t‐test within each group with statistical significance set at P<.05. Results— Mean yield load, yield stiffness, and failure load under axial compression and torsion, single cycle to failure, of the DCP‐TLS fixation were significantly greater than those of the 3‐TLS fixation. Mean cycles to failure in axial compression of the DCP‐TLS fixation was significantly greater than that of the 3‐TLS fixation. Conclusion— The DCP‐TLS was superior to the 3‐TLS in resisting the static overload forces and in resisting cyclic fatigue. Clinical Relevance— The results of this in vitro study may provide information to aid in the selection of a treatment modality for arthrodesis of the equine PIP joint.     

THE BASIC FACTORS WHICH DETERMINE INHERENT SOIL FERTILITY IN UGANDA

Soil samples collected from approximately 1700 fertilizer trials carried out around 62 centres in Uganda were analysed. Mean levels of total N. organic P and cation exchange capacity at the 60 centres which had non-volcanic soils were very closely related to mean organic matter levels and largely explained the strong correlation of indices of available N, P and base status with organic matter. The indices of available P and base status were additionally related to pH and the indices of available N and P were further negatively correlated with sunshine hours. Soil organic matter itself was closely related to the content of clay, silt and free Fe. with which it is presumed it forms a stable complex, whilst soil pH decreased with rainfall in excess of evaporation. Thus soil texture, rainfall and hours of sunshine are the basic factors which largely determine inherent soil fertility in Uganda.     

多温蓄冷车设计与车内温度场分析

为克服现有蓄冷车控温范围有限、不可多温共配等问题,设计了一款集车载制冷系统、独立蓄冷槽、隔热车厢(冷冻和冷藏单元)、导风槽、内隔板等于一体的多温蓄冷车。该多温蓄冷车将蓄冷槽安装在车厢前端并独立隔热保温。夜间利用低谷电对蓄冷槽内相变蓄冷材料进行充冷;当多温蓄冷运输时,冷冻单元通过车厢前端送风系统将冷能导出并调控,冷藏单元通过导风槽将冷气导入并调控。对车厢内冷冻冷藏单元体积比为1∶1,温度分别设定为-15. 0℃和3. 0℃工况进行了仿真和试验对比分析。研究表明,所构建的多温蓄冷车温度模拟值与试验值的均方根误差在0. 7～1. 1℃之间,总体偏差合理,可较好地反映多温蓄冷车内温度场分布状况。试验结果也表明,该多温蓄冷车车厢冷冻、冷藏单元可有效控温10 h以上,满足配送运输需要;平均温度分别在-14. 2～-12. 9℃和3. 4～4. 2℃间波动,波动范围分别为1. 3℃和0. 8℃,温度绝对不均匀度系数S在1. 2内,较传统蓄冷车平均温度波动值降低了73. 7%,S值降低了50%以上。改变车厢内冷冻冷藏单元体积比的进一步仿真也表明,蓄冷车内温度场分布仍然均匀,可满足实际运输需要。     

Diabetes mellitus-A study of the disease in the dog and cat in Kent

A survey carried out using data supplied by members of a territorial division of the BSAVA revealed that a quantity of useful data exists in general practice and, given circumstances under which extraction and interpretation of it can be carried out, new information may be produced. In this instance diabetes mellitus in the dog was shown to occur in Kent particularly in the miniature and toy Poodle as a group and in the standard, wire-haired, miniature and long-haired Dachshund as a group.
The disease was commonest in the bitch; it showed a peak age occurrence for both sexes during the 10th-12th year with a winter/spring incidence, but in the entire bitch it followed oestrus and tended to occur during the summer.
The prognosis was found to be favourable when treatment with insulin by injection was started early and survival times of 12 months (50% of cases) and 3 years (23%) could be obtained. The prognosis for the cat was favourable despite the different life styles of dog and cat. The variable results and conclusions reached by different authors on this subject may be due to the vagaries of environment, diet, breeds and breed in an area, as well as to temperament, stress factors and genetic potential.     

The early development of Erysiphe pisi on Pisum sativum L.

Erysiphe pisi , the powdery mildew pathogen of Pisum sativum , followed a developmental sequence that allowed the identification of 10 distinct growth stages (GS) over 30 h following inoculation. The growth stages were ungerminated conidia (GS1), germinated conidia, having produced a germ tube (GS2), germlings where the germ tube had forked (GS3), germlings with a multi-lobed germ tube (GS4), germlings with a single hypha (GS5), germlings with two (GS6 and 7) or three (GS8 and 9) hyphae, one of which may have formed from the appressorium (GS7 and 9), and germlings with abnormally long germ tubes (GS10), which did not develop hyphae. Conidia germinated rapidly, with a quarter of conidia producing germ tubes by 2 h after inoculation (hai). Most germlings produced multi-lobed appressoria, which showed considerable variation in structure. Haustoria, although often difficult to visualize, were first seen 4 hai, and the first hyphae 14 hai, growing from the body of the conidium. Subsequent hyphae developed from both the body of the conidium and from the appressorium.     

Tonometry in the Dog and Cat

Abstract— A review is presented of the methods, procedure and value of the use of tonometry in the dog and cat.
Résumé— L'auteur passe en revue les méthodes, les techniques et la valeur de l'emploi de la tonométric chez le chien et le chat.
Zusammenfassung— Es wird eine Übersicht über die Methoden, das Verfahren und die Bedeutung der Tonometrie bie Hund und Katze gegeben.     

Effects of disease and plant competition on yield in monocultures and mixtures of two wheat cultivars

Disease seventy and crop yield were compared in monocultures and mixtures of two wheat cultivars. one susceptible and one resistant to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Part of each plot was inoculated and part treated with fungicide. Rust seventy was inversely related to the proportion of resistant plants present. Weight of grain in 100 heads of the susceptible cultivar increased as the amount of rust decreased. The susceptible cultivar yielded less than the resistant cultivar in monoculture, but was a stronger competitor in mixtures. Competitive abilities of the cultivars were independent of severity of rust in the mixtures studied.     

Femoral Head Fractures Resulting in Epiphyseal Fragmentation Results of Repair in Five Dogs

Five mature dogs with fragmented femoral head fractures were treated. Fracture reduction was accomplished with lagged cortex screws and Kirschner wires or Smilley nails. Results were good or excellent in four dogs. Rigid internal stabilization, early surgical treatment, and reduced activity postsurgically are essential for proper healing of these fractures.