设施蔬菜连作障碍及调控措施研究进展

设施蔬菜生产中的连作障碍普遍存在,主要因素包括土壤的营养平衡被打破、次生盐渍化、生物学特性改变、化感物质的毒害作用等。调控措施包括轮作和间作套种、生物防治、增施有机肥料、选育抗性品种、嫁接栽培、添加吸附剂、合理灌水和施用化肥、土壤消毒处理等。现概述了设施蔬菜连作障碍成因和缓解措施研究成果,以期为调控设施蔬菜连作障碍提供借鉴,并对未来亟需研究解决的问题进行展望。     

中微量元素在贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄上的应用效果

针对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄风沙土产区中微量营养元素相对缺乏,空间变异较大等限制产业高效发展的关键问题,以4年生"蛇龙珠"葡萄为试材,通过设置滴灌施肥试验,研究了中微量营养元素钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、硼(B)元素对酿酒葡萄生长及品质的影响。结果表明:增施中量元素Mg能有效提高葡萄叶片和叶柄中的全磷含量进而提高葡萄单粒重及产量,同时能提高果实单宁及总酚含量;增施微量元素Fe有利于促进叶片的生长发育,提高叶片净光合速率并促进干物量积累,增加可溶性糖含量;增施B元素则能有效提高叶片和叶柄的全钾及果实中花色苷含量。综合分析,增施Fe、Ca元素能促进葡萄的生长,增施B、Mg元素能提高酿酒葡萄果实品质,增施Ca、Mg元素能更好的提高酿酒葡萄产量。     

氮肥施用量对酿酒葡萄初果期生长及产量品质的影响

以贺兰山东麓3年生酿酒葡萄"赤霞珠"为试材,通过小区试验设置6个氮肥施用量梯度,即纯氮施用量0、120、240、360、480、600kg·hm~(-2),研究了氮肥施用量对酿酒葡萄初果期生长以及产量品质的影响。结果表明:氮肥能显著促进株高、新梢、副梢发生数的增加,纯氮施用量480kg·hm-2时酿酒葡萄叶片SPAD值为43.11,并且水分有效利用率达到最高,为3.14μmol·mmol~(-1)。肥效方程得出最高产量纯氮施用量为398.75kg·hm~(-2),纯氮施用量超过480kg·hm-2后产量增幅和葡萄果实糖酸比同比下降。纯氮施用量360kg·hm~(-2)能显著提高可溶性糖、总酚、花色苷含量,改善品质。     

基于穿刺测试的萝卜耐裂根性研究

为了准确客观地评价萝卜的裂根性,为耐裂根萝卜品种的筛选提供理论依据,采用TA.XT Plus型物性测试仪进行穿刺试验,对耐裂根品种韩玉1号和易裂根品种雪单1号肉质根的上、中、下部位分别进行相关测定。试验结果显示,不同部位的屈服力、屈服能、脆性、根皮及根肉平均硬度的差异并不一致;而耐裂根品种的屈服力、屈服能、脆性与易裂根品种的差异显著,说明屈服力、屈服能、脆性指标可以作为萝卜耐裂根性的主要指标,且均应选取萝卜肉质根中部进行穿刺测试。     

Treatment of porcine oocytes with MEM vitamins during in vitro maturation improves subsequent blastocyst development following nuclear transfer

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of minimum essential medium (MEM) vitamins during in vitro maturation (IVM)/in vitro culture (IVC) of porcine nuclear transfer (NT) embryos on subsequent developmental capacity in vitro. Porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were divided into five groups, matured for 44 h in maturation medium with various concentrations of MEM vitamins (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4%), and observed for maturation rate. Also, COCs were matured in NUSU-23 media without MEM vitamins for 44 h and cultured in PZM-3 media with various concentrations of MEM vitamins (0, 0.05, 0.4 and 1.0%) for 6 days following nuclear transfer. Factorial (IVM/IVC) experiments were also performed in NCSU-23 medium with or without 0.05% MEM vitamins and PZM-3 medium with or without 0.4% MEM vitamins. They were then tested by examining in vitro development of the porcine reconstructed embryos. The maturation rates of the COCs treated with the MEM vitamins did not differ significantly among the MEM vitamin-treated groups. Addition of vitamins to culture medium did not affect development of porcine reconstructed embryos in vitro. However, addition of low concentrations of MEM vitamins only to maturation medium increased (P<0.05) the proportion of NT embryos developing into blastocysts compared with the control group. Addition of MEM vitamins to IVC medium did not enhance the developmental rate compared with the control group. Thus, addition of MEM vitamins to IVM medium could improve subsequent blastocyst development of porcine NT embryos.     

中国沙棘的性状变异与演化趋势

在中国沙棘天然分布区的主轴线上,自西南向东北,选择5个有代表性的地段,用样地调查和统计分析方法.研究了中国沙棘主要性状变异及性状间的组配情况;比较了不同地段的异同;统计了各主要经济性状的变异参数;探索了几个主要性状的演化趋势。认为中国沙棘乃是多态型的种群系统,即存在很大幅度的随机变异,也存在着地理种群间的差异。种群变异的主要特征是各主要性状出现频率随生态——地理条件而递变,但群内变异幅度小,而群间差异显著。     

Density Functional Theory Compute on Electronegativities to Superconductivity of Oxides

In this article we have worked out the correlation between electronegativity and high temperature superconductivity for oxide. It is suggested the equalized electronegativity, X cq , can be used as a empirical criterion for superconductivities of oxides. For determining the X cq , a new formula for the calculation of X cq values has been obtained The X cq values of 230 oxide superconductors have been calculated. The result shows that the X cq values of all the oxide superconductors concentrate in a narrow range from 5.00 to 5.63 and that the oxides with values out side this region would be non-superconductive. This criterion can be applied to almost all the oxide superconductors. It is clearly that this result is able to benefit further inquiries about the mechanism of superconductivity.     

Automatic Generation of Curvilinear Grid for Finite Difference Method with Many Inner Objects

In this paper the partial differential equation of coordinate transformation is computed by the finite difference formulations and some examples were computed and illustrated in pictures.     

Application of Attribute Reduct Method in Spatial Load Forecasting

Spatial load forecasting is a process distributing the total forecasted load to all partitioned area, and involving more spatial information and more factor influencing application of the future small area, which need a great deal of memory space and longer operation time. Rough set is new method of data analysis. It need not be provided with any advanced information except data set. But attribute reduct is its main algorithms. Division matrix approach on rough set used to reduce the attribute related to land - use decision in order to remove redundancy attribute and then the rules of small area land - use decision is distilled. The method obtained better effect and enhanced the total load forecasting efficiency.     

Study of IP over WDM System Structure

WDM technology is the basis of optical network implementation. Due to eliminating SONET/SDH and ATM elements, and allowing direct connection with IP routers, IP over WDM can reduce network cost and simplify network expansion . In this thesis, the structure and protocol layers of IP over WDM are firstly explained. Then the procedures of this network are described briefly. At last, the problems and future of IP over WDM are analyzed