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151.
152.
SUMMARY The paper describes a program to import and breed black rhinoceros ex situ at Western Plains Zoo in Australia. Nine rhinoceros (7 females and 2 males) captured in 1992 in Chete National Park, Zimbabwe, were transported to Australia via Cocos Island. The veterinary treatment of the animals before and during quarantine in Zimbabwe and on Cocos (Keeling) Islands is described. Three animals died; an adult male on Cocos Islands and a juvenile male and an adult female at Western Plains Zoo, Dubbo, New South Wales. The juvenile male died as a result of trauma sustained shortly after arrival and the two adults after developing a severe hepatopathy. The group of 6 females and an additional 4 males imported from the USA in 1994 have adapted well to captivity and to the climate and environment of central west New South Wales. 相似文献
153.
CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: On 7 September 2012 the Ministry for Primary Industries was notified of a dairy cow with regenerative anaemia (haematocrit (HCT) 0.08?L/L) in a herd of 465 Jersey-Friesian cross cows (index case herd) in the Northland region of New Zealand. Organisms consistent with Theileria spp. were present in red blood cells on a blood smear. No other causes of anaemia were detected following examination of affected cows. Blood samples collected from 29 randomly selected cows on 26 September 2012 showed that 24 (83%) were anaemic (HCT≤0.24 L/L) and therefore fitted the case definition for bovine anaemia associated with Theileria orientalis infection.LABORATORY FINDINGS: Using a T. orientalis type-specific PCR assay that targeted the single subunit rRNA gene, all of six animals tested were positive for T. orientalis type Ikeda. Blood samples collected from clinically affected cattle in 11 subsequent outbreaks from throughout the North Island showed that T. orientalis Ikeda type was a common finding, but mixed infections with Chitose type were also identified. In addition, using a PCR assay that targeted the major piroplasm surface gene, T. orientalis type 5 was detected in one cow from the Waikato region.DIAGNOSIS: The presence of T. orientalis type Ikeda, as well as type 5, was confirmed in cattle from outbreaks of bovine anaemia in herds throughout the North Island of New Zealand.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Two new types of T. orientalis were identified in this investigation, that were associated with a sudden rise in cases of bovine anaemia. The body of evidence showed that the Ikeda type was implicated as the cause of disease observed in this epidemic. 相似文献
154.
AJ Korzekwa JJ Jaroszewski I Woclawek-Potocka MM Bah DJ Skarzynski 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(4):464-472
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is a main luteolytic factor in vivo; however, its direct luteolytic influence on steroidogenic cells of bovine corpus luteum (CL) is controversial and not fully understood. The aim of the study was to clarify PGF2α action on bovine CL in different in vivo and in vitro conditions and to examine whether the contact among all main types of CL cells is necessary for luteolytic PGF2α action. In experiment 1, the bovine CL (day 15 of the oestrous cycle) was perfused using in vivo microdialysis system with dinoprost (an analogue of PGF2α) for 0.5 h. Dinoprost caused a short‐time increase in progesterone (P4), whose concentration decreased thereafter (at 6‐, 10‐, 12‐ and 24‐h after treatment). In experiment 2, the direct effect of PGF2α on P4 accumulation in CL steroidogenic cells cultured in monolayer (day 15 of the cycle) was determined. PGF2α after 24 h of incubation increased P4 accumulation in steroidogenic CL cells. In experiment 3 steroidogenic, endothelial CL and immune cells (day 15 of the cycle) were incubated with PGF2α in cocultures for 24 h in glass tubes and the levels of P4, stable metabolites of nitric oxide (NO) and leukotriene (LT) C4 were determined. Although PGF2α treatment increased P4 secretion in homogeneous steroidogenic CL cell culture, the decrease in P4 secretion in cocultures of all types of CL cells was observed. The secretion of NO and LTC4 increased after the treatment of PGF2α both in pure cultures of CL cells and in cocultures. The interactions between endothelial and immune cells with steroidogenic CL cells are needed for luteolytic PGF2α action within the bovine CL. Our results indicate that the cell coculture model, including the main types of CL cells, is the most approximate to study PGF2α role in vitro. 相似文献
155.
Effects of local anaesthesia of 4 to 8 hours duration on the acute cortisol response to scoop dehorning in calves 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
CM McMEEKAN DJ MELLOR KJ STAFFORD RA BRUCE RN WARD NG GREGORY 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(4):281-285
Objective To determine the effect of a long-acting local anaesthetic on the plasma cortisol response in calves dehorned using a scoop.
Design A physiological study with controls.
Procedure Seventy female calves, 3 to 4 months old, were divided into seven groups and dehorned by scoop with or without a long acting local anaesthetic (bupivacaine) which provides local anaesthesia for 3 to 4 h. In some treatment groups the local anaesthetic was given a second time, after 4 h, to give 8 h of anaesthesia. Blood samples were taken before and for 9 h after treatment and plasma cortisol concentrations were measured.
Results Scoop dehorning caused a marked rise in plasma cortisol concentration, which returned to pre-dehorning values after 7 h. The cortisol concentrations of calves given bupiva-caine were similar to those of control animals for 4 h after dehorning, but then a significant and protracted rise occurred, with concentrations returning to pretreatment values at about 9 h after dehorning. In calves given a second treatment of bupivacaine 4 h after dehorning, the plasma cortisol concentration remained similar to control values for 8 h after dehorning but then increased sharply.
Conclusions During its period of activity long-acting local anaesthetic prevented the rise usually seen after scoop dehorning in plasma cortisol concentrations; by inference it also alleviated the pain-induced distress caused by this procedure. However, when its effects had worn off the plasma cortisol values rose sharply indicating that animals still experienced pain-induced distress despite local anaesthetic being administered. 相似文献
Design A physiological study with controls.
Procedure Seventy female calves, 3 to 4 months old, were divided into seven groups and dehorned by scoop with or without a long acting local anaesthetic (bupivacaine) which provides local anaesthesia for 3 to 4 h. In some treatment groups the local anaesthetic was given a second time, after 4 h, to give 8 h of anaesthesia. Blood samples were taken before and for 9 h after treatment and plasma cortisol concentrations were measured.
Results Scoop dehorning caused a marked rise in plasma cortisol concentration, which returned to pre-dehorning values after 7 h. The cortisol concentrations of calves given bupiva-caine were similar to those of control animals for 4 h after dehorning, but then a significant and protracted rise occurred, with concentrations returning to pretreatment values at about 9 h after dehorning. In calves given a second treatment of bupivacaine 4 h after dehorning, the plasma cortisol concentration remained similar to control values for 8 h after dehorning but then increased sharply.
Conclusions During its period of activity long-acting local anaesthetic prevented the rise usually seen after scoop dehorning in plasma cortisol concentrations; by inference it also alleviated the pain-induced distress caused by this procedure. However, when its effects had worn off the plasma cortisol values rose sharply indicating that animals still experienced pain-induced distress despite local anaesthetic being administered. 相似文献
156.
采用紫外分光光度法测定氧氟沙星油剂注射液的含量,选择氯仿与无水甲醇作溶剂,于220~400 nm间扫描,在299 nm波长处有最大吸收峰,辅料无干扰.实验结果表明,氧氟沙星浓度在0.5~2.5 μg/mL范围内,其吸收度与浓度呈良好的线性关系.线性方程为A=-0.86×10-2 4.75×10-1 C,r=0.999 9,平均回收率为100.3%,RSD=0.36%(n=5). 相似文献
157.
158.
MM FEIZABADI ID ROBERTSON A HOPE DV COUSINS DJ HAMPSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(12):887-889
Objectives To examine strain variation amongst Australian isolates of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis .
Design Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was optimised for differentiation of M paratuberculosis strains, and this typing technique was then applied to a collection of Australian isolates.
Procedure DNAs from 35 Australian isolates of M para-tuberculosis and a UK reference strain were digested with one or other of three restriction endonucleases. The banding patterns obtained after pulsed field gel electrophoresis of the DNA fragments were compared.
Results The Australian isolates were divided into two groups on the basis of their DNA banding pattern. Both were different from the UK reference strain. Seven isolates from cattle in Victoria and the Northern Territory had the same pattern as five isolates from alpacas in Victoria and Western Australia. Another 20 isolates from cattle in Victoria, Western Australia and the Northern Territory had the same pattern as isolates from two sheep and a goat in New South Wales.
Conclusion Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was a useful tool for strain typing of M paratuberculosis , and could be used to study the transmission of strains in Australia. 相似文献
Design Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was optimised for differentiation of M paratuberculosis strains, and this typing technique was then applied to a collection of Australian isolates.
Procedure DNAs from 35 Australian isolates of M para-tuberculosis and a UK reference strain were digested with one or other of three restriction endonucleases. The banding patterns obtained after pulsed field gel electrophoresis of the DNA fragments were compared.
Results The Australian isolates were divided into two groups on the basis of their DNA banding pattern. Both were different from the UK reference strain. Seven isolates from cattle in Victoria and the Northern Territory had the same pattern as five isolates from alpacas in Victoria and Western Australia. Another 20 isolates from cattle in Victoria, Western Australia and the Northern Territory had the same pattern as isolates from two sheep and a goat in New South Wales.
Conclusion Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was a useful tool for strain typing of M paratuberculosis , and could be used to study the transmission of strains in Australia. 相似文献
159.
J Scherzer RA Fayrer-Hosken M Aceves DJ Hurley LE Ray L Jones GL Heusner 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(7):275-279
Objective We evaluated combinations of two commercial semen extenders and three concentrations of glycerol to determine the combination that yielded the highest post-thaw sperm motility.
Design A randomised 2 × 3 block design was used.
Procedure Semen was collected from four stallions (6 collections per stallion). The sample was diluted with either a dried skim-milk glucose extender (EZ Mixin Original Formula) or a chemically defined, milk-free diluent (INRA 96), and each was used in combination with 2%, 3% or 4% glycerol in standard commercial freezing medium. Sperm motility was assessed by microscopy in fresh and post-thaw semen.
Results There was a significant difference between the two extenders in the motility of spermatozoa after cryopreservation (48.9% for INRA 96; 38.6% for EZ Mixin OF; P < 0.0001). Glycerol at 4% in freezing medium yielded the highest post-thaw motility, significantly better than 2% ( P < 0.05). Three of four stallions had significantly higher post-thaw motility using INRA 96 relative to EZ Mixin OF ( P < 0.01), and two of four stallions had significantly higher post-thaw motility using 4% glycerol ( P < 0.05). The combination of INRA 96 and 4% glycerol in freezing medium gave the highest average post-thaw motility of 51.5%.
Conclusion In this study, INRA 96 combined with 4% glycerol yielded an average recovery of progressively motile sperm consistently above the 35% target. 相似文献
Design A randomised 2 × 3 block design was used.
Procedure Semen was collected from four stallions (6 collections per stallion). The sample was diluted with either a dried skim-milk glucose extender (EZ Mixin Original Formula) or a chemically defined, milk-free diluent (INRA 96), and each was used in combination with 2%, 3% or 4% glycerol in standard commercial freezing medium. Sperm motility was assessed by microscopy in fresh and post-thaw semen.
Results There was a significant difference between the two extenders in the motility of spermatozoa after cryopreservation (48.9% for INRA 96; 38.6% for EZ Mixin OF; P < 0.0001). Glycerol at 4% in freezing medium yielded the highest post-thaw motility, significantly better than 2% ( P < 0.05). Three of four stallions had significantly higher post-thaw motility using INRA 96 relative to EZ Mixin OF ( P < 0.01), and two of four stallions had significantly higher post-thaw motility using 4% glycerol ( P < 0.05). The combination of INRA 96 and 4% glycerol in freezing medium gave the highest average post-thaw motility of 51.5%.
Conclusion In this study, INRA 96 combined with 4% glycerol yielded an average recovery of progressively motile sperm consistently above the 35% target. 相似文献
160.
DJ Bosco Cowley Tracy A Clegg Michael L Doherty Simon J More 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):40