有机无机配施及亏缺灌溉对关中地区冬小麦生长及氮素利用效率影响

研究不同比例有机无机肥配施与亏缺灌溉耦合作用下,冬小麦氮素累积、转运利用效率以及土壤硝态氮分布等状况,探求提高关中地区冬小麦产量的适宜有机无机配施比以及相应的亏缺灌溉量,为该地区冬小麦的高产高效提供科学有效的水肥管理。结合2个水平的灌溉(充分灌溉W1和亏缺灌溉W2),采用等氮的原则,对有机肥与无机肥按照不同比例混施(F1∶100%化肥、F2∶24%有机肥和76%化肥混施、F3∶48%有机肥和52%化肥混施),研究亏缺灌溉与有机无机肥配施对冬小麦氮素转运及利用效率影响和土壤硝态氮分布情况。有机无机配施能有效促进作物生长,显著增加作物籽粒产量以及显著提高开花期后氮素累积、分配和转运。在充分灌溉W1条件下,F2和F3处理的籽粒产量较F1处理提高12.0%～28.6%;亏缺灌溉W2条件下,有机肥处理的小麦籽粒产量提高16.6%～31.8%。在相同灌溉条件下,成熟期F2和F3处理相对F1处理,冬小麦氮素累积量、向籽粒转运量和氮肥生产效率分别提高了12.8%～40.4%、11.9%～36.5%、13.0%～31.6%;相同有机无机配施比例下(F2和F3),冬小麦亏缺灌溉W2处理下各种氮素吸收利用指标高于充分灌溉W1处理10.0%～28.5%。有机无机肥配施能够显著提高不同土层土壤硝态氮含量,在相同灌溉条件下,在0～100 cm土层F3处理硝态氮含量分别较F1和F2处理增加了66.4%～76.4%和1.2%～13.9%;相同有机无机配施比例下(F2和F3),在0～100 cm土层W1处理F1、F2、F3土壤硝态氮含量分别低于W2处理15.1%、9.9%、19.9%。48%化肥和52%有机肥配施、亏缺灌溉(50%)处理是该试验条件下冬小麦高产高效的最佳水肥管理模式。     

饲草玉米不同生育期的产量、品质和青贮利用研究

对墨西哥大刍草、玉草3号和玉草6号3种不同类型饲草玉米在孕穗期、抽雄期和吐丝期的产量、青贮品质及其营养价值进行了分析。结果表明:品种和生育期对鲜、干草产量有显著影响,而二者之间的交互作用对鲜、干草产量影响不显著;3个品种鲜、干草产量均在吐丝期最高,其中,玉草6号鲜、干草产量极显著高于玉草3号和墨西哥大刍草。从抽雄期及以后,所有饲草玉米干物质(DM)含量均达20%以上,符合青贮对水分的要求。粗蛋白(CP)含量从孕穗期到吐丝期逐渐降低,变幅为8.19%DM~12.80%DM;各时期CP含量均以玉草6号最高,玉草3号和墨西哥大刍草CP含量差异较小。可溶性糖(WSC)含量在孕穗期最高,纤维含量随生育期延长均呈上升趋势。青贮发酵品质在不同生育期差异显著,孕穗期pH值为3.69,乳酸(LA)含量为7.00%DM,发酵品质最优。品种主效应分析表明,玉草6号发酵品质最好,玉草3号和墨西哥大刍草差异不显著。综合分析品种和生育期对青贮发酵品质和营养成分的影响,玉草6号在孕穗期青贮,相对饲用价值达103.28,发酵品质和营养价值最好;玉草3号和墨西哥大刍草在抽雄期青贮发酵品质和营养价值最佳。     

河南省牛羊产业发展现状、存在问题及对策

随着经济发展,人民生活水平不断提高,消费结构也发生了变化,人们对牛羊肉产品的需求增多,因此加快牛羊产业发展迫在眉睫,本文通过介绍河南省牛羊产业的发展现状、存在问题以及针对这些问题采取的措施,为牛羊产业的发展提供理论基础。     

基于NDVI的绿洲棉田土壤肥力质量评价方法研究

以天山北坡典型国营农场棉田为研究对象,探讨基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)的棉田土壤肥力质量评价方法.将棉花不同生育期表征长势的NDVI作为评价指标对棉田土壤肥力质量进行评价,再将NDVI与少量理化测定的土壤样点数据(有机质、有效磷含量等)共同作为评价指标,结合地统计方法与遥感影像聚类算法进行评价;并与完全基于土壤样品理化测定数据的评价结果进行比较、探讨基于NDVI评价方法对土壤肥力质量评价结果的准确性与可靠性.研究证明将NDVI与少量理化测定的土壤样点数据作为评价指标,能显著提高评价结果与棉田实际土壤肥力状况的一致性.基于NDVI的土壤肥力质量评价方法快速、简便,其评价结果可为研究绿洲棉田土壤质量及农业结构调整规划、耕地质量保护等提供科学依据.     

不同栽培树形对油橄榄品种果实产量的效应

Longnan City in Gansu Province is the largest base of olive production in China. In the olive orchard locating in Wudu District of Longnan City, thirty trees were sampled each of three cultivars, ‘Leccino’, ‘Chenggu32’, ‘Ezhi8’, with monoconical and vase training system. After planted with density of 5×6 m in 1992, each sample tree was investigated to determine the yield fresh fruit in five different years. The results of survey and analysis showed that there were significant differences of fruit yield among 5 years and 3 cultivars. Different canopy shapes yielded some effect on fruit setting rate and yield of different cultivars in different years. During first fruiting period in the fourth/sixth year after planting, fruit setting rate and yield of ‘Leccino’ with monocone were more 6.7% and 0.15 kg than those with vase and those of ‘Ezhi8’ and ‘Chenggu32’ with vase were more 20%, 10% and 0.18 kg, 0.09 kg than those with monocone. With the increase of tree age, fruit set and yield of ‘Leccino’ and ‘Ezhi8’ with vase was more than those of monocone. In 2011, average yields per tree of ‘Leccino’ and ‘Ezhi8’ with vase were more 13.35 kg and 6.85 kg than those with monocone. And the highest yield per tree of ‘Leccino’ with vase was 75 kg, more 16 kg than that of monocone. Fruit trees with yield over 35 kg of ‘Leccino’ and 25 kg of ‘Ezhi8’ with vase accounted for 80% and 46.7%, more 40% and 30.01% than those of monocone. It was concluded that vase training system would produce higher yield of ‘Leccino’ and ‘Ezhi8’ and its effect and advantages were gradually prominent with increase age. As for ‘Chenggu32’, monocone got a slightly higher yield than that of vase and in 2011 fruit trees with yield over 15 kg accounted for 25%, more 8.34% than vase. The difference between two training system of this cultivar was not obvious.     

篦子三尖杉的扦插繁殖研究

对篦子三尖杉不同长度扦插穗条、不同植株部位插穗和插穗的浸泡处理进行对比试验结果表明:不同插穗长度对篦子三尖杉扦插成活率没有影响,不同部位插穗扦插成活率差异大,以上部和中部1级枝成活率最高,其次是上部2级枝,最低是中部3级枝和下部2、3级枝;不同浸泡处理中,篦子三尖杉扦插成活率没有显著差异,但不同处理中,ABT处理会促进多发根;不同枝条长度和不同处理方式对篦子三尖杉插穗发枝量没有显著影响,但不同植株部位插穗发枝量有差异,中上部一级枝发枝量多.     

响应面法优化马血中氯化血红素提取工艺的研究

以新疆本地马的抗凝血作为试验材料,以氯化血红素提取率为检测指标,通过单因素试验,采用Box-behnken响应曲面设计法,研究氯化血红素提取过程中pH、丙酮添加量、处理时间对提取率的影响,并确定提取工艺条件的预测模型方程。研究结果表明,马血中氯化血红素提取的最佳工艺条件为:丙酮添加量是红细胞浓缩液体积的5.25倍,pH 2.86,处理时间3.38 h,此条件下实际提取率为95.83%,与模型的预测数据基本相符。     

黑龙江省珍贵树种胡桃楸种子催芽处理技术研究

核桃楸(Juglans mandshurica Maxim.)为黑龙江省重要用材树种,是东北“三大硬阔”之—.它的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益巨大,但由于种子前期处理困难,生产中种子萌发率一直较低.多项研究表明:种子种皮坚硬、不透水、不透气是影响种子萌发的重要因素.利用各种方式软化种皮,增强其透水性、透气性,来提高种子萌发率,对于播种育苗有着积极重大的意义.     

劈接法油茶苗木嫁接机的设计

研制了劈接法油茶苗木嫁接机,对其嫁接方法和各项影响因素进行了分析,重点阐述了劈接法油茶苗木嫁接机的结构设计和工作原理。     

Circulating current control method for inductive power transfer system

Inductive power transfer (IPT)technology allows electrical energy to be transferred between two loosely coupled inductors over relatively large air gaps based on electromagnetic induction. In current-fed IPT systems,resonant capacitor voltage distortions and current spikes on the semiconductor switches are easily caused when switches isn’t switched at zero crossing point of resonant voltage. As a result,the EMI level of the system and the switching loss are increased and thus the system transmission stability and efficiency decrease. The article analyzes the production mechanism of circulating current in load resonant high frequency inverter and points out that the resonant frequency change is the real cause. By analyzing the characters of circulating current before and after the zero-crossing points of resonant voltage and relationship between switching frequency and resonant frequency,this paper proposes a method of real-time detection for the direction of circulating current,and regulating the switching frequency in accordance with resonant frequency dynamically to ensure the switching of switch tubes at the zero-crossing points of the resonant capacitor voltage,and thus to inhibit circulating current. An experiental system with the platform of FPGA is set up to verify the effectiveness of this control method.