浙江凤阳山－百山祖自然保护区综合考察报告

１９８０年以来，对浙江凤阳山－百山祖自然保护区先后３次考察，揭示了这一自然保护区生物资源一些特点，即生物群落地带的特殊性、生物区系成分的古老性、生物物种的多样性、珍稀动植物种类的丰富、森林植被垂直分布系列的完整，本区又是一些植物的分化和变异中心，是一处十分难得的森林生态和生物多样性自然保护区，同时又介绍了保护区建立前后所开展的一些科研活动。     

塔拉提取物化学利用的研究进展

塔拉是富含没食子单宁的主要植物资料之一。本文从其自然资源、塔拉提了化学及其加工利用等几方面的研究进展作了综述。指出塔拉的工业开发利用将会有进一步的发展。     

The impact of beaver dam removal on the chemical properties of water in drainage ditches in peatland forests

ABSTRACT

Despite near-extinction in the nineteenth century, after efficient restoration measures the population of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.) in Latvia currently is viable and growing. While the ecological effect of the species on water quality and biodiversity is generally positive, the high number of animals in production forests often creates challenges for management. Drainage ditches are among the most favoured habitats of beavers resulting in flooded stands, reduced tree growth and economical losses. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical properties of water in forest drainage ditches, affected by beaver activity, and their changes after the dam removal. Chemical composition of surface water in ditches was analysed in sampling points above dam, below dam and in the ditch itself after removal of the dam; results compared to pristine beaver site nearby on a small stream. Results did not show significant differences between concentrations above and below dams. After removal of the dams, significant increase in DOC, N-NO₃ ^-, N-NH₄ ⁺ and TSS concentrations and significant decrease in TP concentrations were observed in some of the sites. Observed concentrations of all measured parameters were significantly lower in pristine beaver site than in beaver sites on drainage ditches.     

公司化运营的丹寨模式：新型基层兽医服务模式（三）

公司化运营丹寨模式是贵州省建立的一种新的基层兽医服务模式。为推广这一新模式,从模式的成立背景、项目营运、收入分配和运转成效等方面进行了系统介绍,从村级防检员收入、服务能力等方面剖析了该新型模式的先进性,并提出了推动该模式持续健康发展的相关建议。     

基于Hyperion光谱信息的鲁西北盐碱地特性探析

利用Hyperion影像及盐碱地分布端元提取了鲁西北典型盐碱地光谱数据并对其特性进行了探析,以证实光谱信息对于该区盐碱地研究的可用性。利用生成的原始及包络线去除的光谱曲线,分别从土壤电导率、土壤盐分含量及一系列诊断性指标入手,借助诊断性吸收波段对本区盐碱地特性进行了分析。结果表明：该区盐碱地兼具其他地点盐碱地光谱吸收共性及自身特性,证实了基于遥感光谱信息的盐碱地特性分析是可行的,可用于区域盐碱地遥感监测。     

Insecticidal benzoylphenylurea-S-carbamate: a new propesticide with two effects of both benzoylphenylureas and carbamates

New propesticides with two effects of both benzoylphenylureas and carbamates were designed and synthesized by the key intermediate N-chlorosulfenyl-N-methylcarbamate, which was prepared for the first time. These benzoylphenylurea-S-carbamates were identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The bioactivities of the new compounds were evaluated. These benzoylphenylurea-S-carbamates exhibited excellent larvicidal activities against Oriental armyworm, some of which were good as compared to the parent benzoylphenylureas. Toxicity assays indicated that these benzoylphenylurea-S-carbamates had knockdown activities of carbamates at higher concentrations and insect growth regulator activities of benzoylphenylureas at lower concentrations. We found that the title compounds exhibited good systemic larvicidal activities against Oriental armyworm, which were especially advantageous when combating sucking pests. Some of these title compounds can kill aphids and mosquitoes as well.     

Development of an immunochromatographic lateral-flow test strip for rapid detection of sulfonamides in eggs and chicken muscles

A rapid immunochromatographic lateral-flow test strip was developed in the competitive reaction format for the detection of sulfonamides in eggs and chicken muscle. A monoclonal antibody against the common structure of sulfonamides was conjugated to colloidal gold particles as the detection reagent and an N-sulfanilyl-4-aminobenzoic acid (SUL)-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate was immobilized to a nitrocellulose membrane as the capture reagent to prepare the test strip. With this method, it required only 15 min to accomplish the semiquantitative or quantitative detection of sulfonamides. The sensitivity to sulfonamides (sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxydiazine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfadiazine) was at least 10 ng/mL, as determined with an optical density scanner. By eye measurement, the sensitivity was 20 ng/mL for sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxydiazine, and sulfadimethoxine and 40 ng/mL for sulfadiazine. On the basis of a sulfamonomethoxine standard curve, recoveries were from 89.5 to 95.6% for sulfamonomethoxine, from 89.5 to 95.1% for sulfamethoxydiazine, from 85.0 to 95.6% for sulfadimethoxine, and from 44.8 to 60.9% for sulfadiazine in egg and chicken muscle samples. A parallel analysis of 27 egg samples and 28 chicken muscle samples from the animal experiment showed that the differences between test strips and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were from 0.8 to 11.2% for egg samples and from 2.2 to 34% for chicken muscle samples for the quantitative detection, and the agreement rates between test strips and HPLC were 100%, based on the maximum allowed residue level of sulfadiazine (100 ng/g) established by the European Union and China. In conclusion, the method is rapid and accurate for the detection of sulfonamides in eggs and chicken muscles.     

浙江遂昌毛竹产业发展的困境与对策

为促进浙江遂昌毛竹产业可持续发展,深入分析了遂昌县毛竹产业发展的现状、存在的问题。结果表明：毛竹一产春笋、竹材价格下降,生产成本上升,劳动力缺乏;二产规模企业不足,环保问题未能有效破解,产业链不完整,初加工废料和毛竹采伐剩余物竹枝、竹叶绝大部分还未充分利用;三产毛竹产业文创产品和旅游产品开发相对滞后。为此,摆脱毛竹产业的困境,必须通过体制机制创新,主体培育壮大,生产要素集聚,落实“主攻二产、发展三产、提升一产”的措施,实现一二三产融合发展。     

Effect of ethanolic extract of propolis on growth performance and plasma biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) on growth performance and plasma biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Graded levels of EEP [0 (control), 1, 2, and 4 g kg⁻¹ diet] were fed to trout juveniles (mean weight 7.73 ± 0.17 g) for 10 weeks. Dietary EEP supplementation regardless of inclusion level significantly improved the specific growth rate of fish. Similarly, supplemental EEP generally improved the feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio, but no significant differences were observed between the 1 g kg⁻¹ EEP group and the control group. In addition, dietary EEP supplementation generally increased the plasma superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities, but decreased the plasma malondialdehyde level. The plasma triglycerides level was significantly lower in the 1 or 4 g kg⁻¹ EEP group as compared with the control group. Dietary EEP supplementation generally decreased the plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, but increased the hepatic aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. These results indicate the potential to use the EEP as a growth promoter, hepatoprotective agent, and immunostimulant for rainbow trout.     

The effect of understory removal on microclimate and soil properties in two subtropical lumber plantations

Understory vegetation is an important component in forest ecosystems. However, the effects of understory on soil properties in subtropical forests are not fully understood. We thus conducted an experimental manipulative study in two young fast-growing plantations—Eucalyptus urophylla and Acacia crassicarpa—in southern China, by removing understory vegetation in both plantations, to estimate the effects of understory vegetation on microclimate, soil properties and N mineralization. Our data showed that, after 6 months, understory removal (UR) in both plantations had greatly increased soil surface luminous intensity (90–500 cd) and temperature (0.5–0.8 °C); soil moisture was reduced in the Eucalyptus plantation but not in the Acacia plantation. Understory removal also reduced soil organic matter (SOM), but had little impact on other soil chemical properties, including total phosphorus, C/N, pH, exchangeable cations (K, Ca, Mg), available P, ande extractable NH₄–N and NO₃–N. We found a significant decline of soil N mineralization and nitrification rates in the 0–5 cm soils of UR in both plantations. The decline of SOM in UR may contribute to the lower N transformations rates. This study indicates that a better understanding of understory vegetation effects on soil N cycling would be beneficial to forest management decisions and could provide a critical foundation for advancing management practices.