Evidence of N<Subscript>2</Subscript>O emission and gaseous nitrogen losses through nitrification-denitrification induced by rice plants (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.)

A greenhouse experiment was conducted with a specially designed apparatus consisting of an upper and lower chamber where the treatment with rice was carried out (treatment 1). The apparatus also had a single chamber where treatment 2, without rice plants, was carried out. The scope of this study was to elucidate the influence of rice plant growth on gaseous N losses as N₂ and N₂O produced by nitrification-denitrification in a flooded soil fertilized with (NH₄)₂SO₄ (with 56.50 atom% ¹⁵N). Gas samples were withdrawn weekly and analyzed for (N₂ + N₂O)-¹⁵N losses by mass spectrometer and for N₂O by gas chromatograph. The gaseous (N₂ + N₂O)-¹⁵N losses of the treatment with rice plants were significantly (P =0.01) higher than those of the treatment without rice plants, as were the amounts of N₂O emitted. Rice plants facilitate the efflux of N₂ and N₂O from soil to atmosphere, as about half of the total gaseous ¹⁵N loss as N₂ and N₂O was found in the upper chamber. The proportion of N₂O-¹⁵N to (N₂ + N₂O)-¹⁵N in the upper chamber was 10.56%, much higher than that of the lower chamber in treatment 1 and the headspace of treatment 2.     

Genetic diversity of winter wheat in Shaanxi province, China, and other common wheat germplasm pools

Cultivated Chinese wheat germplasm has been a valuable genetic resourcein international plant breeding. Landraces endemic to China are a geneticresource that is distinct from other wheat germplasm. Patterns of geneticdiversity among cultivated Chinese accessions and relationship to othergermplasm pools are unknown, despite the proven value and potential novelty. Theobjective of this work was to determine the level of genetic diversity withinimproved Chinese germplasm in the context of several other wheat germplasmpools. We analyzed a set of improved accessions cultivated from the 1940s to the1990s in Shaanxi province, China, using six simple sequence repeat (SSR) primerpairs and 30 restriction fragment length polymorphism - probe enzymecombinations (RFLP-PEC) previously used to characterize 21 geographically basedgermplasm pools. Shaanxi germplasm consists of three groups based on foreignintroductions from Italy, Australia, Denmark, and Russia. There was a decreasein genetic diversity among Shaanxi accessions cultivated in the 1970s and 1980sto the 1990s, and accession classifications based on primary decade ofcultivation were found to be significantly undifferentiated. The analysis of themean genetic distance among 22 geographically based pools of germplasm suggestsseveral regions are significantly undifferentiated. A vast majority of the totalamount of variation was found within pools; therefore, pools appear to belargely differentiated based on small differences in band relative frequency andfew if any unique bands. Previous studies have identified some Chinese landracepools as morphologically and genetically unique. The Shaanxi pool does not havethe same unique morphological or genetic features, nor is it more similar to thelandrace pools than other improved germplasm pools.     

模拟自然降雨条件下植物根系增强边坡土体抗剪强度特征

该研究以位于青藏高原东北部黄土区的西宁盆地作为试验区,采用柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon(Bunge)Maxim.)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)、细茎冰草(Agropyron trachycaulum(Linn.)Gaertn.)的单播种植,以及柠条锦鸡儿分别与细茎冰草、垂穗披碱草混播种植等2种方式,开展了原位模拟降雨试验并采用直接剪切试验,系统分析了模拟降雨试验前后试验区边坡表层以下3个不同位置处复合体抗剪强度大小及其随深度变化规律。结果表明:模拟降雨试验前,由柠条锦鸡儿与细茎冰草、垂穗披碱草混播的边坡a层(0~20 cm)根-土复合体黏聚力分别为19.5、18.9 k Pa,均较相同条件下单播边坡a层复合体黏聚力大;混播种植边坡各层根-土复合体黏聚力均较模拟降雨试验后裸坡a层土体黏聚力大,其中柠条锦鸡儿与细茎冰草混播边坡、垂穗披碱草混播边坡模拟降雨试验后,a层复合体黏聚力分别较裸坡a层黏聚力的增幅为30.65%~56.45%;柠条锦鸡儿、霸王、垂穗披碱草、细茎冰草单播边坡b层复合体黏聚力增幅为4.17%~38.89%;柠条锦鸡儿分别与细茎冰草、垂穗披碱草混播边坡b层黏聚力增幅为29.17%~34.72%;边坡c层土体黏聚力增幅相对不及a层、b层显著,反映了草本起到浅层加筋作用,灌木则起到深部锚固作用。     

贵州习水国家级自然保护区森林土壤理化性状研究

在贵州习水国家级自然保护区内,根据不同的森林植被分布状况及相应海拔高度设置了13个具有代表性的标准调查样地,分别采集土壤测定其理化性状,结果表明:(1)自然保护区森林土壤容重为1.07～2.06g/cm3;土壤总孔隙度为34.9%～83.4%;森林土壤的最大蓄水量为1479.00 t.hm-2～5517.00 t.hm-2;土壤的平均初渗速率和稳渗速率分别为9.05mm.min-1和3.32mm.min-1。(2)自然保护区森林土壤主要为酸性土壤,pH值在3.72～5.97之间变动;土壤有机质的含量为74.83g/kg;土壤全N和有效N分别为2.01g/kg和215.09mg/kg;土壤的全P含量为0.33g/kg;土壤速效磷含量在1.10～84.92mg/kg之间波动,平均含量为8.02mg/kg;土壤的全K和有效K含量分别为11.81g/kg和64.37mg/kg。(3)习水自然保护区所分布的森林植被类型在改良其森林土壤的物理特性,提高土壤的贮水能力,丰富土壤有机质及其N、P、K的含量,增强和维护土壤肥力等方面都具有较显著的生态功能。     

杨树新无性系苗期叶面形态指标测试

通过在黑龙江省牡丹江市4个地点,对杨树14个品种的苗期叶面8项性状指标进行测试,综合评价试验结果[1]表明:单株叶面积以中M为最大,中H、LC、LB、01号杨次之;单株叶重以中M为最重,LC、中H、01、LB号杨次之;不同品种间单株叶面积、单株叶重、单叶面积等8项指标均存在显著差异,而且地点×品种交互作用差异也极显著。     

鹤岗矿业集团林业处森林经营方案的编制

根据鹤岗地域上的类似性和差异性,确定"十二五"期间该市在林业管理上的经营方针和目标。     

巨尾枝干燥特性研究

研究巨尾桉木材的干燥特性并制定干燥基准,为实际生产中制定合理的干燥工艺提供理论依据.采用百度试验法,在(100±2)℃恒温干燥条件下对巨尾桉试件进行干燥试验,根据干燥过程中巨尾桉试件的初期开裂、内裂、截面收缩等干燥缺陷制定出巨尾桉木材的干燥基准.巨尾桉试件的初期开裂、内部裂纹、截面变形、扭曲变形和干燥速度分别为1级、2级、3级、2级和2级;体积干缩率为19.04％,弦向干缩率为9.60％,径向干缩率为6.65％,纵向干缩率为0.33％.巨尾桉的干燥初期温度为60℃,干燥初期干湿球温度差为3～5℃,干燥终期温度为75℃.厚度为25 mm的巨尾桉板材在强制循环干燥窑内干燥至10％所需的时间为10(8)天(括号内为硬基准条件下的干燥时间).巨尾桉试件主要缺陷是内裂和截面变形,在实际生产过程中要尽量使用软基准,干燥中、后期适时进行调湿处理.     

圆盘分割法在转基因大豆抗虫鉴定上的应用

大豆食心虫是大豆的主要害虫之一,随着大豆种植面积的扩大,其为害逐年加重。应用转基因抗虫品种防治大豆食心虫是现阶段应用研究热点,但其抗虫性一直存在着不易检测的困难。针对这一问题,本实验室设计、提出一种新型室内抗虫生测方法———圆盘分割法。该方法是根据大豆食心虫发生规律和取食习性来进行转基因大豆抗虫鉴定。试验证明了圆盘分割法的可行性;同时,该方法结合网室接虫鉴定法可以使转基因大豆抗虫鉴定更为高效和准确。     

Progress on characterization of self-incompatibility in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> L.

Self-incompatibility (SI) is a widespread mechanism in flowering plants that promotes outbreeding and thereby increases genetic diversity. Recognition specificity in Brassica is achieved by the interaction of the female determinant S-receptor kinase (SRK) and its ligand, the male determinant S-locus protein 11 (SP11). The interaction between SP11 and SRK triggers the signaling cascade in an S-haplotype-specific manner and results in the rejection of self-pollen, but the signal components involved are still not well characterized. S haplotypes are widespread in self-compatible amphidiploid B. napus, and the interaction of heterozygous S haplotypes causes the loss of SI. This review highlights the recent advances made towards understanding the genetic analysis, distribution, and evolution of S haplotypes, the signal factors, and the potential of SI in B. napus hybrid breeding program.     

黔糯668的丰产性、稳产性分析

黔糯668是由贵州省旱粮研究所选育,于2009年审定的丰糯玉米新品种.为加速黔糯668的推广,本文利用2007年、2008年区域试验资料分析了该品种的丰产性、稳产性.2007年平均产量为837.2 kg/667 m2,比对照增产6.5％,变异度为8.305 7％,较对照变异度13.025 5％小,7个试验点中6个点增产;2008年平均产量为899.2 kg/667 m2,变异度为8.927 3％,较对照变异度13.103 3％小.黔糯668在2007年的回归系数为0.1106,综合评价一般,最适宜地区是铜仁、兴仁等为代表的生态区域;2008年的回归系数为1.2006,综合评价好,最适宜地区是贵阳、毕节、遵义、铜仁、贵定、安顺、兴义等为代表的生态区域.综合分析结果表明,黔糯668的丰产性、稳产性较好.