模拟城市SO2污染对晚松生理特性的影响

以2年生晚松盆栽苗为供试材料,从抗大气环境中SO₂污染方面对晚松的抗逆能力进行了定量评价,为晚松的园林应用提供理论依据。研究表明,晚松叶绿素a、b对模拟SO₂污染反应敏感,叶绿素b所受伤害大于叶绿素a,类胡萝卜素较不敏感。过氧化物酶活性的提高有助于减轻膜脂过氧化造成的伤害,从而使其在SO₂污染胁迫较轻(10 mmol/L)时免受伤害。     

不同氮肥水平下烟草CO2响应曲线的拟合分析

[目的]探讨不同CO2响应曲线模型拟合不同氮肥水平下烟草光合特性与CO2间的关系,筛选出最佳的CO2响应曲线拟合模型.[方法]以烤烟K326为对象,在不同氮肥用量(0、66.60、93.60和120.60 kg/ha)条件下,采用不同CO2响应曲线模型(直角双曲线模型、Michaelis-Menten模型、直角双曲线修正模型和指数改进模型),对烟株旺长期中部叶的CO2响应曲线进行拟合,分析拟合曲线与实测值的相似程度,筛选拟合效果最佳模型.[结果]直角双曲线模型、Michaelis-Menten模型和指数改进模型均无法完全拟合出光合速率随CO2增加而下降的曲线,且直角双曲线模型和Michaelis-Menten模型无法拟合最大净光合速率(Pn max).直角双曲线修正模型拟合R2为0.999,拟合效果优于其他模型,其光合参数[初始羧化效率(α)、Pn max和饱和胞间CO2浓度(Ci sat)]的拟合值更接近真实值,能反映实际情况.各模型决定系数排序为直角双曲线修正模型>指数改进模型>直角双曲线模型=Michaelis-Menten模型.[结论]不同CO2响应曲线模型对不同氮水平下烟草光合特性的拟合效果存在差异,四种模型中以直角双曲线修正模型的拟合效果最佳.     

基于形态特征和SSR标记的斑茅繁殖策略的研究

本研究以收集自我国7个省的45份野生斑茅(Saccharum arundinaceum)为研究对象,在开放授粉条件下,通过测定斑茅的花粉与胚珠比(Pollen-ovule ratio,P/O)、杂交指数(Outcrossing index,OCI)以及基于简单重复序列(Simple sequence repeats,SSR)分子标记估计交配系统参数这3种方法,探究斑茅繁殖特性及其有性繁殖力的情况,为斑茅资源开发利用、杂交育种及繁殖技术提供基础依据。结果表明:斑茅P/O为5 897,杂交指数OCI为2;采用11对SSR引物对随机取样的15个斑茅半同胞家系共计1 158个子代进行交配系统参数估计,结果显示斑茅种群具有较高的异交率水平(t_m=0.864),多位点异交率和单位点异交率的差值不明显(t_m—t_s=0.012),亲本近交系数F大于0(F=0.318),表明斑茅以异交为主,并存在部分近交。综上所述,本研究初步认为斑茅的繁殖特性为异交为主、自交为辅的混合交配系统模式。     

马铃薯高世代选系疮痂病抗性评价及SSR辅助筛选

利用国外种质资源创造的20 份高世代马铃薯无性系为试材，以尤金为感病对照，克新18 号为抗病对照，采用自然 病圃和人工接种的鉴定方式进行疮痂病抗性评价，利用SSR 分子标记分析试材之间的亲缘关系，并对比SSR 遗传相似性系 数聚类结果和试材抗病性分类结果，探究利用SSR 分子标记辅助筛选疮痂病抗病资源的可行性。从试验地土壤和感病块茎 共分离纯化具有链霉菌特征的菌株278 份，其中240 份来自于块茎，38 份来自于土壤。具有致病力的菌株127 株，经鉴定 全部属于Streptomyces scabies 菌种。试材间的抗病性存在明显差异，可分为高抗、中抗、中感和高感4 个类型。人工接种与 自然病圃抗性鉴定结果存在极显著相关（R²=0.946 7）。抗病类型与感病类型通过SSR 遗传相似性系数聚类大致可以区分。     

Ellagic acid attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by alleviating autophagy

AIM:To investigate whether ellagic acid (EA) attenuates hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) by down-regulating autophagy. METHODS:In vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats (n=17) were randomly divided into 3 groups:5 rats for sham group, 6 rats for HIE group and 6 rats for HIE+EA pretreatment group. The rats in HIE+EA pretreatment group were treated with EA (10 mg/kg, 10 mL/kg, suspended in corn oil, ig). After 24 h of operation, the rats from each group were sacrificed and their brains were collected. TTC staining and HE staining were used to define the infarct areas and brain structure. The autophagy-related proteins beclin-1, P62, LC3-Ⅱ/-I and Atg5 in the cortex in each group were compared by Western blot. In vitro, PC12 cells were divided into 3 groups:control group, CoCl₂ group and CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group. CoCl₂ at 800 μmol/L was added to the PC12 cells to induce an anoxic environment. The PC12 cells were pretreated with EA at 8 μmol/L and the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) in the cells was detected by flow cytometry with DCFH-DA staining. MDC staining and TMRE staining were applied to reflect the extent of autophagy and the state of apoptosis, respectively. The autophagy-related proteins in PC12 cells were also investigated. RESULTS:In HIE group, 7-day-old rats were given the operations and the their large infarct areas in the hemisphere were observed by TTC staining. HE staining displayed the injured hemispheres which contained few neurons, and exhibited edema status and serious structural damage. EA pretreatment decreased the infarct area and alleviated the damage to hemisphere with more visible neurons, compared with HIE group. Compared with sham group, the levels of autophagy-related proteins Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I in the cortex were increased (P<0.01), and P62 protein expression was decreased (P<0.01) in HIE group. Compared with HIE group, the protein expression of Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I was decreased (P<0.01) and P62 protein expression was increased in HIE+EA pretreatment group (P<0.01). In vitro, compared with CoCl₂ group, the PC12 cells in CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group showed a lower ROS level. Moreover, the cells in CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group exhibited higher mitochondrial membrane potential than that in CoCl₂ group. MDC staining in CoCl₂ group showed high value of fluorescence and increased number of autophagosomes. EA pretreatment reduced the number of autophagosomes and the extent of autophagy to protect PC12 cells. Furthermore, the protein levels of Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I in CoCl₂ group were higher (P<0.01), and the protein expression of P62 was lower (P<0.01) than those in control group. In CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group, the protein levels of Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I were decreased (P<0.01) and the protein expression of P62 was increased as compared with CoCl₂ group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:EA pretreatment attenuates autophagy to protect the neurons against HIE injury.     

华南荔枝园土壤 pH状况及荔枝生长适宜的土壤 pH

针对我国土壤酸化普遍、华南土壤酸性较强的问题，研究华南荔枝园土壤 pH状况，并进一步探讨荔枝生长最适 pH，为荔枝园土壤 pH改良的程度和范围提供理论依据和数据支持。采集华南荔枝主产区 458个荔枝园土壤样本，研究比较主产区土壤 pH状况。另外，采集华南典型荔枝园赤红壤(pH 4.20)，以不添加改良剂为对照，添加硫磺(0.5g·kg -1)和不同用量石灰(0.5、1、2、4g·kg -1)调节土壤pH，形成6个土壤 pH处理，进行 120 d土壤培养和 300 d荔枝盆栽试验，研究土壤 pH对土壤性质及荔枝生长的影响。华南荔枝园土壤 pH在3.85～ 7.82之间，平均为 4.64，整体为酸性，其中以广西荔枝园土壤总体酸性最强。强酸性、酸性、弱酸性、中性和弱碱性荔枝园分别占45.7%、48.0%、5.0%、1.1%和0.2%。培养试验表明，土壤 pH在 3.84～ 8.03范围内，碱解氮、速效钾、有效镁含量及脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤 pH呈显著负相关，有效磷、钙和铜与 pH为显著正相关，有效锌、铁和锰与 pH关系不密切。盆栽试验显示，施用 1 g·kg -1石灰处理荔枝叶片光合作用强，不同时期叶片数、叶面积、茎粗均不同程度高于其他处理，收获时生物量增量及增幅也显著高于其他处理。初步认为荔枝生长适宜的土壤 pH为 5.03。如土壤 pH ≤ 4.64或 ≥ 6.46，荔枝生长显著变差。如以 pH为 5.03作为最适宜的土壤 pH来初步衡量，则华南有 62.0%的荔枝园土壤 pH可能显著抑制荔枝生长，pH需提高平均 0.68个单位。这表明华南荔枝园土壤 pH改良任务十分迫切。     

环状RNA及其在生殖发育中的研究进展

环状RNA（circular RNA，circ-RNA）是一类由初始转录RNA反向剪接，形成的闭合环状RNA分子，广泛存在于真核细胞中。因不受RNA外切酶切割，所以稳定存在时间长。主要通过海绵吸附作用竞争性结合miRNA调节基因表达。circ-RNA分子鉴定及其生理调控作用成为近几年生命科学领域的研究热点，本文从circ-RNA的生成过程、在早期胚胎发育调控以及配子发育过程中的数量和作用等方面进行了综述。     

Endozoochorous seed dispersal by golden snub-nosed monkeys in a temperate forest

Seed dispersal is essential for plant recruitment and the maintenance of biodiversity. Colobine monkeys are primarily folivorous, but they also consume fruits and are often assumed to be seed predators. Although they are known to be epizoochorous seed dispersers, their role as endozoochorous seed dispersers needs reassessment. We examined potential endozoochory in golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) at Dalongtan in Shennongjia National Park, central China, by assessing potential germination of ingested seeds (n = 1806, 9 species) from fecal samples. Intact seeds were in almost all fecal samples (ranging from 5–130 seeds), and ingested seeds were from small seeded species (seed width <4.5 mm). The 2 most abundant species were Actinidia arguta (73%) and Rosa caudata (15%). The fruits of A. arguta were unripe when ingested (i.e. effective seed predation) and the ingested seeds did not germinate in the trials. Therefore, ingestion of unripe seeds does not lead to effective seed dispersal. However, germination rates of defecated R. caudata (9%) were greater than control seeds (6% and 0%), demonstrating potential endozoochorous seed dispersal. Thus, colobine monkeys do indeed disperse mainly small-seeded from multi-seeded fruits through potential endozoochory and this process enhances the recruitment of seedlings.     

68个大豆品种(系)遗传多样性分析

为保持大豆杂种优势利用中亲本的遗传差异,利用64对SSR引物对68个大豆品种(系)包括53个中国品种(系)和15个美国品种进行遗传多样性与亲缘关系分析。结果表明,共检测到375个等位基因变异,平均每个位点检测到的等位变异数为5.86个,变化范围为2～12个,其中53个中国品种(系)检测到373个等位基因变异,平均为5.83个,变化范围为2～12个,15个美国品种检测到288个等位基因变异,平均为4.50个,变化范围为2～9个;总的位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变化范围为0.366～0.900,平均为0.677,其中53个中国品种(系)变化范围为0.370～0.909,平均为0.682,15个美国品种变化范围为0.309～0.817,平均为0.590。聚类分析表明:68个大豆品种(系)的遗传相似系数(GS)变幅为0.529～0.973,平均GS值0.707,在相似系数0.65处,可将供试的品种(系)聚为2大类,第Ⅱ类在相似系数0.69处又可分为5个亚类。     

萌芽杉木幼龄林植物群落特征

  目的  探索森林恢复方式，改善杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata林林分结构及维护生物多样性，对杉木人工林可持续经营和森林恢复活动具有理论和实践价值。  方法  2017年10月选择浙江省杭州市临安区昔口村二代萌芽杉木幼龄林为研究对象，对其植物群落特征进行实地调查。  结果  昔口村杉木萌芽幼龄林植物种类共104种，其中乔木层植物14种，灌木层植物58种，草本层植物41种，优势植被构成杉木-蓬蘽Rubus hirsutus-蕨Pteridium aquilinum群落；物种丰富度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数均为灌木层>草本层>乔木层；林下植被除部分优势种长势较好，多数植物种类数量较少且分布较稀疏。  结论  在改善森林生态系统物种、结构、资源利用方面的异质性时，要考虑当地农户和社区的需求，选择当地乡土阔叶树种、适生阔叶树种进行补植，形成混交林，并辅以科学的抚育措施。