国家林业重点生态工程社会经济效益监测报告

2004年对天然林资源保护、退耕还林和京津风沙源工程进行社会经济效益监测结果显示,工程自1998年相继启动以来,进展顺利,各项政策措施得到落实,产生了显著的生态、经济和社会效益。工程区的森林资源下降趋势得到有效遏制,森林植被快速恢复,林业用地面积、有林地面积、森林蓄积量、森林覆盖率等均有不同程度提高;沙化土地治理面积增加,水土流失面积减少;工程区产业结构得到调整,多元化发展态势逐步形成;地方经济发展,农民收入明显提高。报告针对所存在的制度性障碍、政策缺位、资金安排缺项或不足、返贫等问题,提出了建立新型林业经营管理体制,弥补缺位政策,调整工程预算项目,修正资金配套方案,保持政策的连续性,科学看待林农间种等相关政策性建议。     

天山云杉枯落物持水特性的空间异质性

对新疆天山北部由西至东5个地点(昭苏、新源、呼图壁、天池、奇台)天山云杉枯落物持水特性进行研究。结果表明:昭苏、新源、呼图壁、天池和奇台天山云杉枯落物总储量分别为(9.00±0.47)、(8.48±0.32)、(8.92±0.52)、(11.10±0.33)、(10.74±0.30)t.hm-2。5个地点天山云杉枯落物的持水量、持水率随浸泡时间的增加均呈递增趋势,且半分解层的值均大于未分解层的;枯落物吸水速率随浸泡时间的增加呈递减趋势且半分解层吸水速率均大于未分解层。天山云杉枯落物的持水量与浸泡时间呈对数关系,其函数表达式为Q=kln(t)+p;吸水速率与浸泡时间呈幂函数关系,表达式为Y=kt;持水率与浸泡时间呈对数关系,函数表达式为S=kln(t)+p。5个地点天山云杉枯落物的总持水量由大到小的排序为天池、呼图壁、新源、昭苏、奇台,并且天池地区的总持水量与其他4个地区有明显差异。枯落物平均持水率由大到小的排序为呼图壁、新源、天池、昭苏、奇台,其中奇台与呼图壁和天池间有明显差异,奇台与新源和昭苏间无差异。     

Physiological and Molecular Analysis of Applied Nitrogen in Rice Genotypes

Ten genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were grown for 30 d in complete nutrient solution with 1 mmol/L (N-insufficient),4 mmol/L (N-moderate) and 10 mmol/L (N-high) nitrogen levels,and nitrogen efficiency (NE) was analyzed.Growth performance,measured in terms of fresh weight,dry weight and lengths of root and shoot,was higher in N-efficient than in N-inefficient rice genotypes at low N level.Of these 10 genotypes,Suraksha was identified as the most N-efficient,while Vivek Dhan the most N-inefficient.To find out the physiological basis of this difference,the nitrate uptake rate of root and the activities of nitrate assimilatory enzymes in leaves of N-efficient and N-inefficient rice genotypes were studied.Uptake experiments revealed the presence of two separate nitrate transporter systems mediating high-and low-affinity nitrate uptake.Interestingly,the nitrate uptake by the roots of Suraksha is mediated by both high-and low-affinity nitrate transporter systems,while that of Vivek Dhan by only low-affinity nitrate transporter system.Study of the activities and expression levels of nitrate assimilatory enzymes in N-efficient and N-inefficient rice genotypes showed that nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) play important roles in N assimilation under low-nitrogen conditions.     

江西大岗山毛竹林碳贮量及其分配特征

采用收获法研究了江西大岗山毛竹林生态系统的碳贮量及其分布特征。结果表明:毛竹各器官碳密度波动在0.463 0～0.491 7 g/g,其大小顺序为竹枝竹秆蔸根竹蔸竹叶。随着毛竹年龄的增长,碳密度无明显的变化规律。在毛竹林植被层中,碳密度依次为:竹枝竹秆竹鞭蔸根鞭根竹蔸竹叶林下植被枯落物。毛竹林生态系统土壤层碳密度以0～20 cm层最高,且各层次之间碳密度差异极显著。毛竹林生态系统碳贮量为243.22 t/hm2,其中土壤层碳贮量占84.03%,植被层占15.97%。毛竹林生态系统年固碳量为12.15 t/（hm2·a）。其中植被层年固碳量为11.36 t/(hm2·a),土壤层年固碳量为0.79 t/(hm2·a)。      

Comparative productivity of Prosopis cineraria and Tecomella undulata based agroforestry systems in degraded lands of Indian Desert

Tree-crop interactions were monitored by measuring tree growth characters of Prosopis cineraria L.and Tecomella undulata L.and yields of Vigna radiata(L) in agroforestry systems in degraded lands of Indian Desert.Potential competition for resource between the trees and associated crop was analyzed by measuring soil water contents, soil organic matters and NH4-N at different depths of soil layers i.e., 0-25 cm, 25-50 cm and 50-75 cm in the experimental plots.The plots size were 16 m × 18 m(D1), 20 m × 18 m(D...     

Isolation and Identification of an Endophytic Strain with Antibiosis Ability from Davidia involucrate Brail.

[Objective]The aim was to isolate and identify an endophytic bacteria strain with antimicrobial activity from Davidia involucrate Brail.[Method]Endophytic strain with antibiosis ability was isolated from D.involucrate Brail by using cylinder-plate method.Then,it was identified through physiological and biochemical tests,16S rDNA homology analysis as well as some gene-specific sequence analysis.[Result]B221 stain had antimicrobial activity against a variety of rice plant pathogens,and it was identified as Bacillus subtilis.[Conclusion]This study enriches the research on endophyte within D.involucrate Brail,application of Bacillus bio-control,and therefore has laid a good foundation for the development of fungus used in biological control of crop pathogens.     

淡水养殖池塘水质评价指标体系研究(英文)

[目的]建立淡水养殖池塘水质评价指标体系。[方法]通过专家访谈法、问卷调查法、实地调研法及DELPHI法,在综合分析淡水养殖池塘水质各影响因子的基础上,对14个淡水养殖池塘水环境因子的重要程度进行了排序,选择其中5个因素作为指标建立了淡水养殖池塘水质评价指标体系,并确定了各指标的阈值。[结果]淡水养殖池塘水质因子重要程度排序为溶解氧>pH>浮游植物量>透明度>总氮>浮游动物量>水温>生化需氧量>水色>盐度>总硬度;根据重要程度的大小,确定溶解氧、pH、透明度、浮游植物量、总氮5个指标为池塘水质评价的指标体系。对淡水养殖池塘水质等级进行5级划分,并采用专家问卷方法获得鱼类对各指标的耐受程度范围。[结论]为淡水养殖池塘水质评价提供了理论依据。     

毛蠼螋对蔗扁蛾幼虫的捕食作用

观察了捕食性天敌毛蠼螋对蔗扁蛾幼虫的捕食行为及捕食功能反应。结果表明,毛蠼螋对蔗扁蛾幼虫的捕食功能反应符合Holling模型,对1～3龄、4～5龄、6～7龄幼虫的捕食功能反应模拟模型分别是：Nα1～3=1．0849N0／(1 0．0220N0)、Nα4～5=1．1052N0／(1 0．0328N0)、Nα6～7=1．0291N0／(1 0．0384N0)。毛蠼螋在1d内最大的捕食量理论值。Nα（max)分别是49．26头、33．67头和26．81头。     

乌鲁木齐市区大气氮素干沉降的输入性分析

2009年8月至2010年3月在乌鲁木齐市及城郊,通过大气颗粒物采样器、气体被动采样器对大气氮素干沉降进行连续性监测。结果表明：除NH3浓度值ISFR（土肥所）高于XIEG（生地所）外,其他活性氮成分的浓度XIEG均大于ISFR。NO2-N,NH3-N（气态）,PNO 3--N,PNH 4＋-N（气溶胶态）和PM10（...     

芥菜型油菜与诸葛菜属间杂种F1的可育性研究

通过胚胎救的快速繁殖，首次成功地获得了芥菜型油菜与诸葛菜的远缘杂种。杂种植株具有期望的染色体数２ｎ＝３０，具有较好的结实性，花粉萌发率为４２．８％。对杂种Ｆ１的细胞学观察表明：杂种细胞内存在染色体组分割机制，可形成ｎ＝１８和ｎ＝１２的大小配子，从而导致杂种可育的结果。