日本鸡爪槭中苹果根结线虫的鉴定

宁波口岸连续从来自日本的鸡爪槭根和根围介质中截获一种根结线虫,经形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定为苹果根结线虫。其主要鉴定特征是:雌虫会阴花纹卵圆形,线纹平滑细密,背弓和腹弓均低平,侧尾腺口大,侧尾腺间距大于阴门裂宽;雄虫背食道腺开口到口针基部球的距离较大,平均8μm;2龄幼虫体长和尾长均较短,分别为362～466μm和29.2～39.3μm,c=11.6～15.3。所截获的苹果根结线虫18S rDNA序列与已在GenBank登录的2个苹果根结线虫株系(登录号为EU669948和EU669949)最接近,相似度达99.4%和99.6%。这是我国首次报道截获该种线虫。     

宁波地区蔬菜主要病原线虫的分离和种类鉴定

对宁波14个主要蔬菜基地进行土壤和植株取样,通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定明确了宁波地区蔬菜主要病原线虫为南方根结线虫［Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White)］和咖啡短体线虫［Pratylenchus coffeae (Zimmer mann)］。南方根结线虫主要分布在江北费市、宁海冠庄、宁波梅墟和镇海九龙湖,咖啡短体线虫分布在江北费市。南方根结线虫的寄主为番茄、黄瓜、豇豆和白菜,咖啡短体线虫的寄主为萝卜和大豆。     

利用rDNA的PCR-RFLP对伞滑刃属线虫群体的分子鉴别

应用对rDNA中ITS的PCR-RFLPs技术和方法对来自中国、日本和韩国的松树或木质包装箱中分离出来的伞滑刃属(Bursaphelenchus)6个线虫群体进行了分子鉴定.其中来自浙江镇海的松树和日本的木质包装箱中分离出的各一线虫群体被鉴定为松材线虫(B.xylophilus),而来自浙江富阳的松树和韩国、香港及日本的木质包装箱中的另一个群体等4群体被鉴定为拟松材线虫(B.mucronatus).本研究中选用的4种限制性内切酶(Hinf Ⅰ、Hae Ⅲ、MspⅠ、cfo Ⅰ)的特异性酶切位点均可以有效地鉴别松材线虫和拟松材线虫.     

进境意大利苹果苗上葡萄茎枯病菌的截获鉴定

The isolate ZM40-1 was isolated on Mallus sp. imported from Italy in Ningbo port traditional PDA method. The isolate grew well on three kind of medium, including PDA, MEA and OA, producing mostly little aerial mycelium and abunt pycnidia. The pycnidia were globose or subglobose, 36.4-191.8(87.2) μm in diameter and conidia were variable in shape, mostly ovoid-ellipsoidal, single cell, sometimes curved, 3.3-6.2(5.1)μm ×1.9-3.1(2.7) μm in diameter and hyaline. Chlamydospores were mostly multicellular, solitary or in chains, brown and 18.0-48.0(35.2) μm×7.4-18.7(13.8) μm in size. To compare the isolate sequences (ITS, 28S, ACT and TUB) with the identity of respestive sequence of Phoma glomerata from NCBI GenBank databases by blastn method, the isolate DNA was amplified and sequenced by universal primers. Analysis of these sequences with the related sequences deposited in the NCBI database showed that these sequence had 100% identities, respectively. Pathogenicity tests showed that the isolate didn’t infect stem of Mallus sp.. However, the fruit and leaf were susceptible to P. glomerata. Based on morphological characteristics, molecular and pathogenicity test results, the isolate ZM40-1 was identified as Phoma glomerata (Corda) Wollenweber & Hochapfel. To our know-ledge, this is the first report of interception and identification of P. glomerata in China.     

再议根结属线虫中国种和非中国种

根结属线虫是为害最严重的植物线虫类群之一，我国规定根结属线虫非中国种为检疫性有害生物，但非中国种的问题长期存在争议。该文根据最新文献列出根结属线虫共计99种，并具体列明中国种和非中国种的名单，对列入的依据做了讨论。该名单可供海关科研和检疫时参考，并建议名单随着国内种类的进一步调查明确和新种的报道不断更新。     

松材线虫检测鉴定技术研究进展

松材线虫是全球十分关注的检疫性线虫，对松林危害巨大。该文介绍了松材线虫的研究背景，以及形态学和分子生物学检测鉴定技术的最新进展，并对口岸松材线虫鉴定流程提出建议。未来，快速、便捷的线虫智能识别和等温扩增技术将取得广泛应用。