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2012年7、9月及2013-2014年5、7、9月,采用标志重捕法研究了连续放牧、季节轮牧和禁牧对呼伦贝尔典型草原啮齿动物捕获率、捕获量比例、多样性指数(丰富度指数、均匀性指数、Shannon-Wiener指数)的影响。结果表明,1)啮齿动物捕获率表现为连续放牧季节轮牧禁牧,连续放牧区显著高于禁牧区(P0.05)。2)不同放牧方式使啮齿动物群落结构发生了一定的变化。连续放牧区主要以草原黄鼠(Citellus dauricus)为主,捕获量比例为38.60%;季节轮牧区以黑线仓鼠(Cricetulus barabensis)和草原黄鼠占的比例较大,捕获量比例分别为37.30%和31.50%;禁牧区以黑线仓鼠为主,捕获量比例为38.89%。3)连续放牧区啮齿动物丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均为最高;季节轮牧中均匀性指数为最高;禁牧中丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀性指数均为最低。连续放牧中的丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于禁牧(P0.05)。不同放牧方式明显改变了啮齿动物群落组成及多样性。综上,本研究结果表明,季节轮牧方式更利于合理利用草地资源并且能够抑制鼠害发生。 相似文献
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荒漠植被类型和条件与啮齿动物的关系,是多年来干旱区动植物关系研究值得关注的问题之一.为较为全面的了解荒漠啮齿类数量与栖息环境间的关联度,明确荒漠啮齿动物与其栖息环境中植物因子的关系,2005~ 2007年,对内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区过牧干扰下啮齿动物优势种种群的密度和植物因子的关系进行了多元逐步回归分析.全年分析发现,小毛足鼠(Phodopus roborovskii)和三趾跳鼠(Dipu s sagitta)均为优势种,平均捕获量比例分别为(38.82±4.34)%和(38.44±4.27)%;同时小毛足鼠密度与沙木蓼(Atraphaxis frutescen)密度显著正相关,三趾跳鼠密度与白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)密度显著负相关.在春、夏和秋不同季节,小毛足鼠密度分别与沙木蓼密度、霸王(Zygophyllum pterocarpum)密度和红砂(Reaumures soongorica)密度均显著正相关;三趾跳鼠密度在春季与白刺高度正相关,在夏季与藏锦鸡儿(Caragana spinifera)高度显著负相关,在秋季与藏锦鸡儿密度显著正相关.植物因子对阿拉善荒漠区过牧干扰下优势鼠种密度的作用具有明显差异,同时优势鼠种对微生境中植物的利用也显著不同,从而形成相互适应、长期共存的格局. 相似文献
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为探究不同~(60)Co-γ辐射剂量对扁穗雀麦(Bromus catharticus)种子萌发及其幼苗生长的影响,本研究比较和分析了不同辐射剂量~(60)Co-γ(0、50、100、150、200、250、300 Gy)处理下种子萌发指标、幼苗根系和叶片形态指标及幼苗生理生化指标。结果表明:在种子萌发和幼苗形态指标方面,种子发芽势随辐射剂量的上升呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,并在50 Gy处理下达到最大值,为32%。除50 Gy处理下的种子萌发率、幼苗苗高和根长与50和100 Gy处理下的幼苗叶长略高于对照(0)外,其余各剂量的上述指标均低于对照。除150 Gy处理下幼苗叶面积小于对照外,其余处理下叶宽、茎粗和叶面积均高于对照。幼苗根系表面积和体积与辐射剂量的变化呈反比。根系平均直径在~(60)Co-γ辐射处理下与对照间无明显差异(P 0.05)。当辐射剂量为250和300 Gy时,幼苗全部死亡。在幼苗生理生化指标方面,幼苗脯氨酸(proline, Pro)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)和叶绿素(chlorophyll, Chl)含量以及过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性均受~(60)Co-γ辐射的显著影响(P 0.05),并随着辐射剂量的上升呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。隶属函数综合评价表明,~(60)Co-γ诱变处理后的种子萌发和幼苗生长状况在辐射剂量为50和100 Gy时综合表现最优。经线性回归计算,扁穗雀麦种子在~(60)Co-γ辐射处理下的半致死剂量约为224 Gy。本研究结果可为创制扁穗雀麦新种质提供技术参考。 相似文献
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The rodent damage threshold and the rodent economic threshold are indicators that must be clearly defined in the practice of grassland rodent prevention and control. Different grassland types or different utilization methods of the same grassland type have completely different values for these two indicators. The damage threshold is the population density of pests at which the grassland is obviously compromised, and the economic threshold is the population density at which further pest population increases will cause economic losses. The Alxa desert region is ecologically fragile, and rodents are endemic. This study selected continuous grazing areas and prohibited grazing areas in the desert area of Alxa Left Banner and from 2015 to 2019 to investigated the species and density of pests using the ‘mark and recapture’ method, together with sampling to investigate the aboveground plant biomass in the sample area in August. The measured rodent unit densities and their daily food intakes were used to estimate the amount of forage loss, and a regression equation was used to obtain a fitted relationship between the rodent density and the ratio of forage loss. It was found that: 1) The fitted curves for the ratio of pest density and forage loss in the continuous and prohibited grazing areas took the form of logistic three-parameter, S-shaped curves. 2) According to the regression equation, the damage threshold in continuous grazing areas was 26 standard rodent units·ha-1 and the economic threshold was 39.3 standard rodent units·ha-1. In prohibited grazing areas, the damage threshold was 33.2 standard rodent units·ha-1 and the economic threshold was 30.2 standard rodent units·ha-1. Thus, the economic threshold pest density of continuous grazing areas was slightly higher than that of prohibiting grazing areas. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved. 相似文献