在线式玉米单粒种子检测分选装置设计与试验

针对农业生产中种子精选的需求,设计了在线式单粒种子检测分选装置,实现流水线式种子上料、检测和分选。该装置由上料装置、检测单元、分选单元和控制系统组成。上料装置通过两级振动实现籽粒的平铺,配合传输带完成籽粒的单粒化。检测单元由高速工业相机实时获取种子图像,并传送至上位机检测分析。控制系统根据检测结果和种子在图像中的位置,控制分选单元完成分选。利用搭建的装置采集了1200粒正常种子、1200粒霉变种子和1200粒破损种子的图像,使用HALCON软件提取了单粒种子的18个颜色和12个形态特征,通过偏最小二乘判别分析法进行判别分析,分别构建了种子霉变和破损的检测模型,并利用搭建的装置和模型进行了验证试验。试验结果表明：在线式单粒种子检测分选装置分选速率大于300粒/min;其中霉变种子的分选准确率高于95%,破损种子分选的准确率高于89%。     

微细铣削表面粗糙度预测与试验

分别采用正交试验回归分析法和基于正交旋转组合设计的二次响应曲面法(RSM)建立了微细铣削表面粗糙度预测模型,并在微小型车铣中心上对硬铝合金进行了试验研究,分析了铣削参数对表面粗糙度的影响.分别对两种预测模型进行了显著性检验并进行对比分析后发现:二阶响应曲面法的预测精度明显优于正交回归分析法.根据二次响应曲面法的试验结果,对回归方程中的回归系数进行了显著性检验,得出了铣削参数影响表面粗糙度的线性效应、二次效应和交互效应的显著性并进行了排序.试验结果表明:在试验采用的工艺参数范围内,对微细铣削表面粗糙度影响重要程度依次是铣削速度、每齿进给量、切削深度.     

基于远程监控的农业气象自动采集系统设计

针对传统农业气象观测和当前传感器技术系统、方法存在的不足,设计了一套基于远程监控的农业气象自动采集系统,其硬件设备由农田小气候信息采集前端、视频图像信息采集前端、数据采集装置、数据传输装置和供电设备组成。该系统实现了农田小气候和视频图像信息参数采集与传输的高度集成,自动采集降水量、气温、空气湿度、风速、风向、光合有效辐射、土壤温度、土壤湿度和农作物视频图像信息,并通过远程客户端软件实现各要素信息的实时动态显示和远程监控。通过在郑州市、鹤壁市、温江市和荆州市开展的采集试验和系统试运行表明,系统显示出较好的稳定性,农田小气候和视频图像要素数据的采集、传输、动态实时显示与远程监控等各项功能均可满足各级用户需求。     

导向管喷动床中煤和稻秸粒混料的流动特性试验

将导向管喷动床改进为煤粒和稻秸粒混料气化设备,通过导向管喷动床内进行的稻秸粒与煤粒混合物料冷态流动特性试验,给出喷动的流体力学条件。研究了床层压降随表观风速的变化规律,稻秸粒和煤粒混合比例、喷口直径和导向管喷口间距3因素对床层压降与表观风速关系曲线的影响以及对物料循环速率与风量关系曲线的影响。进行了3因素12拟水平的均匀设计试验,采用SPSS软件进行回归分析,分别得到了物料循环速率、单位床高压降及单位有效功率的物料循环速率3个因变量各自与稻秸粒和煤粒混合比例、导向管喷口间距及喷口直径3个自变量之间关系的多元回归方程,用于预测稻秸煤粒混料在导向管喷动床中喷动时的流体力学参数。     

农产品贮藏设施温控仪表温度漂移控制方法

选择3种具有代表性的贮藏设施通用温控仪表,检测其温度漂移幅度和方向。根据仪表电路原理并结合测试,进行了针对性电路改进,使温控仪表温漂误差幅度由3.5℃下降到0.3℃,贮藏环境温度波动幅度由5.3℃下降到1.4℃。试验筛选出3种简易温度补偿法,可在不改造仪表电路的前提下抑制温漂。     

方草捆压捆机捡拾器参数设计

对方草捆压捆机捡拾器的工作幅宽及滚筒转速进行了设计,并对3组弹齿的捡拾器和4组弹齿的捡拾器的运动参数和漏捡率进行了对比分析。结果表明,3组弹齿捡拾器的漏捡率小于2%,可以避免牧草在地面堆积和漏捡;4组弹齿捡拾器的漏捡率小于     

Performance of A Sludge Reduction System on Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorous Controlled by Low Dissolved Oxygen

The influences of dissolved oxygen (DO) on the removal process of nitrogen and phosphorous in a sludge reduction system had been studied by controlling aeration amounts. It was found that under the conditions of low doses of 2,4,5trichlorophenol (TCP), endogenous sour values of activated sludge increased with the extension of low DO state duration in SBR system and the decrease of cyclic average DO, which led to a low DO environment favored the formation of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND).TCP concentration was recommended as 2mg / L and cyclic average DO value in SBR system was kept at 2mg / L based on the impacts of TCP concentration on sludge reduction, removal of nitrogen and phosphorous and sludge performance. Compared with the control system, aeration amounts increased by 23% and the discharge of excess sludge decreased by 34.6%. The water quality in effluents was equivalent in the aeration sludge reduction system with 2mg/LTCP, which met the discharge standards. Therefore, it was indicated that the removal of nitrogen and phosphorous and sludge reduction can obtain excellent performance in TCP system under low DO state with removing Phosphrous rich sewage.     

Generalized conforming quadrilateral membrane element with vertex rotational freedom

A new generalized conforming quadrilateral membrane element is developed by introducing additional rigid vertex rotational freedoms to the normal 4 node quadrilateral membrane element. The rotational stiffness of the present element is not zero so that the singularity of the stiffness matrix is avoided. Numerical analysis of the Cook problem cantilever beam shows that the EAE/Mem element passes the patch test and possesses good convergence, reliability, and precision without a zero energy mode. It provides a lock free solution to the MacNeal beam problem. Numerical results also show that the EAE/Mem element is insensitive to mesh distortion. The results demonstrate that the generalized conforming technique is an efficient tool for developing high performance finite element models.     

A contour extraction algorithm for digital images based on water balloons snake model

Due to weak edges and low contrast areas in digital images, such as a left ventricle in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images, a deformation curve may leak from the outer boundary when images are segmented using the traditional snake model. An improved algorithm based on the water balloons snake model is introduced to solve this problem. Firstly, the barycenter and the boundary shape area of the left ventricle in a digital MRI image are obtained through mathematical morphology. The left ventricular watershed line is obtained next using a watershed transform algorithm, which is taken as the initial deformation curve in a balloon snake model to capture the contour. Different snake models are tested to digitally tagged MRI images of left ventricles of small pigs. Contrast results indicate that the water balloons snake model can solve the leakage problem in traditional snake and balloon snake models. In addition, the processing speed is improved significantly.     

Ecological Coupling Theory and the Method System of Urban countryside Space Planning

Since P. R. China has experienced extensive land resource use, environmental degradation, lagging rural development and other difficulties in 20th century, urban countryside integration and ecological planning has become an important subject to build a harmonious society in the 21st century. The country attempted to use complexity science and ecological thinking based on recognizing the relationship between the city and countryside and raising the city countryside space ecology coupling concept to construct a city countryside space planning methods system consisting of the identification of urban and rural land uses, urban and rural non construction land planning, city countryside coupled environmental conditions assessment, coordinated city countryside space development and city countryside space system fractal optimization, and more.