conductivity of a TiO2 cathode in the FFC process and analysis of its influencing factors

The conductivity of a TiO2 cathode in the FFC process was studied by sintering and electrolyzing experiments. Sintered TiO2 cathode and electrochemical reduction of TiO2 were measured using X ray diffraction. Results show that changing the energy band structure of TiO2 via high temperature sintering can cause electric conduction vacancy. An electric double layer can be formed in molten salt. Ionization of oxygen atoms leads to formation of TiO2 x ionic structures. The ions infiltrate to the electrode in molten salt, increasing the number of conduction ions. The electrolyzing process proceeds smoothly, based on the integrated mechanism of activating the TiO2 cathode. The activated TiO2 cathode can be obtained by forming electric conduction vacancy at high temperature sintering, the TiO2 x ionic structure by electric double layer, and ions infiltrating to the interior of the electrode.     

The effect of moisture content on the tendency of coal to combust spontaneously

The self heating of coal is influenced by many factors, but mainly it involves exothermic reactions between reactive sites in the coal and oxygen from the air. Moisture affects the nature of the radical sites where oxidation occurs, and affects the tendency of coal to combust spontaneously. Adiabatic tests show the coal self heating rate increases as the moisture content increases. At approximately 40% to 50% of the moisture holding capacity of the coal, the self heating rate becomes measurable. Above this critical level of moisture content, the heat produced by oxidation is dissipated by moisture evaporation and coal self heating is significantly delayed.     

Impact of chloride ion on undegradable landfill leachate treatment by electrochemical oxidation

We investigated the removal effects of chloride ion on treating organic substances with electrolysis using leachate from semi aerobic bioreactors. The experimental results show that, under the given conditions, the removal efficiency of refractory organic substances increases with rising initial chloride ion concentration in leachate. The impact of chloride ion on removal efficiency mainly is influenced by the initial chloride ion concentration and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in leachate. The impact of chloride ion on the specific electric consumption of removal COD is obvious when the initial chloride ion concentration is lower. No obvious change of this impact is observed when the chloride ion concentration exceeds 125 g/L. Meanwhile, the more obvious impact of initial chloride ion concentration on organic substance removal is observed when the COD concentration in leachate is lower.     

Stress wave effect in numerical simulation on rock breaking under high pressure water jet

The evolvement of rock damage struck by a high pressure water jet is characterized by nonlinear properties, thus making it a complicated dynamic problem. Based on a nonlinear finite element and elastic plasticity theory, a computational model was established. The dynamic load striking the rock by a high pressure water jet was simulated by the dynamic contact method. Furthermore, the propagation of a stress wave in the same rock was simulated at different impact velocities. The results show that the propagation velocity of a stress wave is proportional to the impact velocity of the high pressure water jet. The effects of a stress wave in sandstone and coal impacted by high pressure water jets of the same velocity were simulated.The effect of a stress wave in coal was stronger than in sandstone, while the region of propagation of stress wave in coal was smaller.     

面向预制食品溯源的隐私数据加密共享方法研究

随着区块链技术在食品溯源领域的发展,预制食品的质量安全得到了有效保障。然而,预制食品上下游生产加工环节众多的产业特点,使溯源变得困难。在溯源的同时安全共享食谱、秘方等隐私数据,使供应链更好地协同生产则十分重要。为解决上述问题,提出了一种面向预制食品溯源的门限代理重加密(Threshold proxy re-encryption)隐私数据共享的方法,设计了一条预制食品溯源区块链和追溯生产批号关联相关溯源数据,确保数据的真实可信。使用门限代理重加密,预制食品生产商通过门限代理重加密将研发的食谱加密为初加密密文,同时在本地生成重加密密钥,将初加密密文与重加密密钥上传至预制食品溯源区块链中;第三方半诚实服务商将从区块链上获取的重加密材料进行重加密生成重加密密文,将重加密密文上传至区块链;监管部门等数据访问者则使用自身私钥将从区块链上获取的重加密密文进行重加密解密,实现隐私数据在溯源区块链上的安全共享。该方法基于Hyperledger Fabric,搭建了一个预制食品溯源区块链原型系统进行测试。测试结果表明,所提出的面向预制食品溯源的隐私数据加密共享方法在隐私数据共享方面与常用的数据加密共享方法相比计算开销较低。数据上链、公开数据查询、隐私数据查询的平均时延分别为1.4738、63.9、59.9ms,系统性能良好。实验结果表明,提出的方法达到了供应链隐私数据安全共享的目的,确保了商业机密和知识产权的安全共享,对预制食品行业发展和食品安全提升具有参考价值。     

桉木屑颗粒燃料固体桥结构构建与燃烧特性研究

在成型燃料内部构建固体桥结构可有效改善其物理品质,利用不同粒径桉木屑构建了具有固体桥结构的颗粒燃料,并进一步研究了颗粒燃料的燃烧特性。提出的构建方法为同种原料不同粒径混配成型,在电子压力机上进行了粒径(0,1mm]原料混配粒径(4mm,5mm]原料的颗粒压缩成型实验,结果显示混配量5%~10%时颗粒内部长粒径粒子的交叉缠绕,可形成适量的固体桥结构,短粒径粒子填充饱满,粒子间结合紧密。较佳的混配量为5%,〖JP2〗颗粒具有较高的松弛密度,为1074.79kg/m3,最高的Meyer强度,为23.93MPa,最低的比能耗,为27.06kJ/kg,平衡含水率为11.65%,吸水速率k为0.0153min-1。在热分析仪上进行了成型颗粒燃烧实验,颗粒燃烧过程较为平稳且有所延长,在升温速率10~40℃/min的范围内,着火温度Ti在246.60~265.00℃之间,最大失重速率(dm/dτ)1max在-6.84~-29.10%/min之间,综合燃烧指数S在7.26×10-12~1.09×10-10min-2·K-3之间。在X射线荧光光谱仪上分析了颗粒灰分的元素组成,预测颗粒燃烧时具有中等或较高的结渣沾污趋势。     

基于BP神经网络的果蔬热导率预测模型

通过微热探针法测试装置研究了30个品种的果蔬热导率与可溶性固形物含量、含水率、密度和硬度等因素的变化关系,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的果蔬热导率预测模型,并根据误差比较分析进行了模型优化。结果表明,该优化网络模型具有较好的热导率预测效果,平均相对误差为1.11%,平均绝对误差为0.0057W/(m?K),可以用于果蔬贮藏加工业中果蔬热传递过程的计算。     

稻田绿肥紫云英种子联合收获机设计与试验

为解决现有稻田绿肥紫云英种子收获时存在的割台适用性差、脱粒分离能力弱以及清选除杂能力不强等问题,设计了稻田绿肥紫云英种子联合收获机。对防落荚柔性扶禾割台、纵向杆齿式脱粒装置、风筛式分层控杂清选装置等关键部件进行了参数设计,设计了紫云英机收专用扶禾器和割刀组件;确定纵向杆齿式脱粒装置结构参数（喂入段、脱粒段、排草段长度）,对脱粒元件结构参数、数量及周向分布进行了计算;利用ICEM-CFD网格划分软件和Fluent流体动力学分析软件等对三风道清选装置离心风机转速1080r/min、叶轮直径385mm工作参数下的内部气流场开展数值模拟,并进行试验验证。以降低紫云英籽粒机收损失率、破碎率、含杂率为目标,选择对收获质量影响较大的机具前进速度、脱粒滚筒转速、清选风机转速、鱼鳞筛开度共4个因素,利用Box-Behnken中心组合试验方法,进行四因素三水平响应面试验,使用Design-Expert对试验结果进行响应面分析,通过多目标参数优化,确定最佳工作参数组合为：机具前进速度3km/h,脱粒滚筒转速550r/min,清选风机转速990r/min,鱼鳞筛开度35mm。在此参数条件下进行了田间试验,实测紫云英籽粒损失率为2.35%,破损率为0.22%,含杂率为0.51%,均满足相关标准技术要求。     

玉米果穗深床层热风干燥特性试验

为了提高玉米果穗干燥均匀性和干燥效率,降低干燥品质损失,通过研制玉米果穗深床层干燥试验台,并进行不同风速（0.5、1m/s）、热风温度（常温（即室温）,50、60、70℃）以及料层厚度（180、360、540、720mm）下玉米果穗干燥特性以及品质试验研究,确定最佳的玉米果穗深床层干燥工艺与参数。试验结果表明,提高热风温度和风速均会提高干燥速率,风速0.5m/s时,热风温度50、60、70℃条件下第1层的干燥时间分别为28、20、14h,而常温通风干燥下192h后含水率仅下降到20%,随着热风温度的降低,干燥时间显著延长;提高热风风速有利于提高干燥速率,第3、4层玉米果穗干燥速率受风速的影响大于第1、2层;随着料层的增加,各干燥条件下干燥速率显著降低,干燥时间延长;常温条件下果穗各料层长时间处于高湿环境,从而在玉米果穗高含水率阶段采用常温通风干燥方式容易造成内部高湿和发热现象;干燥过程中玉米籽粒含水率先下降,果穗芯轴的含水率高于籽粒。与对照组相比,各组干燥物料的亮度均下降,提高热风风速和温度会降低亮度;常温通风干燥玉米籽粒电导率最低,随着温度和风速的提高,电导率升高,表明籽粒内部结构破坏较大;干燥后玉米籽粒淀粉含量和可溶性糖含量均有所减小,其中70℃、0.5m/s条件下玉米淀粉含量最低,60℃和70℃、0.5m/s条件下玉米可溶性糖含量较低。根据研究结果,确定玉米果穗深床层干燥工艺为先热风干燥后常温通风干燥的方式,热风温度50℃或60℃、风速0.5m/s、通风管路单侧料层厚度为360mm为较优的果穗热风干燥工艺参数。     

保护性耕作对寒地黑土土壤水热效应与玉米产量的影响

为探明保护性耕作对东北寒地黑土土壤水热状况和玉米产量的影响,基于秸秆全量还田和免耕播种为核心的黑土地保护性耕作方式,设置宽窄行秸秆全覆盖还田（FM）、均匀行秸秆全覆盖还田（LM）、秸秆旋耕全量还田（LX）和常规垄作秸秆离田（LN）4种模式,探究保护性耕作对寒地黑土土壤水热效应、玉米干物质量、产量构成及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明：在玉米生育期内,保护性耕作能够显著提高土壤含水率,调节土壤温度,针对不同的气温变化,进行“增降温”。保护性耕作处理较LN处理0~60cm土层平均土壤体积含水率增加27.28%~63.86%,气温最高时使平均土壤温度降低3.20%~7.63%,成熟期气温低时使平均土壤温度增加2.32%~5.37%。保护性耕作显著提高了水分利用效率（WUE）以及作物对氮素的吸收与利用,其中WUE较LN处理提高7.26%~12.90%,同时氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数分别提高14.29%~42.86%、4.00%~12.00%。保护性耕作能够提高玉米产量,促进玉米干物质积累,玉米产量、干物质量分别较LN处理提高37.7~431.0kg/hm2和2322.3~5451.7kg/hm2,LM处理产量变异系数最小,产量最稳定。