从美国引进的小麦抗锈品种的抗锈性测定和我国及美国小麦叶锈菌的毒性比较研究

1981年在河北农业大学温室分别用中国小麦叶锈菌4个小种360、376、377和60对从美国引进的13个抗锈品种进行了抗叶锈性测定,在河北省植保所田间进行了成株期对叶、条锈的抗性测定.1982年在美国堪萨斯州立大学温室分别用美国的小麦叶绣菌培养物PRTUS1、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、13和19对13个品种中的9个进行了抗叶锈性测定.苗期测定结果指出,其中3个品种Kans 63324,STW 646407和II-11996-4R-SM-1R对所测的中国小种都表现抵抗,但对美国的培养物大多数抵抗,而在所测的9个品种中没有对所有美国培养物都抵抗的.在对比两国之间中国小麦叶锈菌小种和美国小麦叶锈菌培养物的毒性时进一步指出,有些品种犹如LA1415,STW597725和STW597947对美国的少数培养物抵抗,而对所有的中国小种感染.田间试验用小麦条锈菌小种19和21接种指出品种NB61975、NB66523和STW597944对条锈是免疫的,NB61977和II-119966-4R-SM-1R是高抗的.     

氮磷钾肥施用量对稻米直链淀粉含量和淀粉粘滞特性的影响

通过盆栽和大田试验,研究了N、P、K肥对稻米直链淀粉含量和淀粉粘滞特性的影响。结果表明,N肥施用量增加,直链淀粉含量、最高粘度和崩解值下降,消碱值和回复值上升。增施P肥对直链淀粉含量影响不明显,对最高粘度、崩解值、消碱值和回复值影响效用,供试品种间变化趋势存在差异。K肥施用量增加,各品种均表现出直链淀粉含量、最高粘度、崩解值上升趋势,消碱值和回复值呈下降趋势。对NPK肥,不同品种反应程度不同,品种与N、P、K之间,N、P、K三者之间都存在互作效用。减少N肥用量,适量增施K肥有利于稻米食味品质的提高。     

利用ISSR标记研究鹅观草属种质资源的遗传多样性

为进一步了解鹅观草属种质资源的遗传背景和拓宽牧草育种的遗传基础,科学指导鹅观草属种质资源的收集、评价和利用,利用ISSR(Inter simple sequence repeat marker)标记对鹅观草属20个种,6个变种,共60份材料进行了遗传多样性检测。结果发现,被测材料间ISSR标记的多态性较高,在20个引物中,有16个引物可扩增出清晰且重复性好的DNA片段,共产生125条DNA片段,其中104条具有多态性,多态性比率为83.20%;每个引物可扩增出6～10条DNA片段,平均7.81条,材料间遗传相似系数GS变幅为0.188～0.879,平均值为0.375;聚类分析表明,在遗传相似系数为0.441的水平上,60份材料可以聚为5类,属于同种、同组、同系的不同材料首先聚在一起,然后再与其他种的材料聚在一起,此外,材料的聚类还表现出一定的地域性规律。     

Heterosis performance of yield and fibre quality in F1 and F2 hybrids in upland cotton

Because of the difficulty of producing F₁ hybrid seeds by hand emasculation and pollination, wide use of heterosis in cotton production has been limited in China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of F₂ hybrids for yield and fibre quality. A half diallel involving eight parents and their F₁ and F₂ hybrids was grown in replicated studies at Linqing and Nanjing in 1999 and Nanjing in 2000. Yield and fibre quality was determined for all 64 entries. Fibre quality was also determined for parents and F₁s, but only for Zhongmiansuo 28 (ZMS28), Xiangzamian 2 (XZM2) and Wanmian 13 (WM13) F₂s. These three F₂ hybrids are extensively planted in China and provide experimental controls with which to compare the performance of new hybrids. Average yield heterosis for F₁s and F₂s was 15.9 and 9.2%, respectively. Inbreeding depression for yield varied but some F₂s greatly out‐yielded the best variety. Average F₁ heterosis was 6.7, 6.2 and 2.9%, respectively for number of bolls per unit area, boll weight, and lint percentage. The average F₂ heterosis for the same traits was 4.4, 3.3 and 1.6%, respectively. F₁ heterosis for fibre traits was low. In general, parental average was a good indicator of the yield and fibre quality of F₁ hybrids. These encouraging results suggest there is sufficient heterosis for yield to use F₂s in China.     

Ⅱ优航1号再生稻高产栽培技术与效益分析

Ⅱ优航1号再生稻高产栽培技术试验和示范研究表明,选用II优航1号作再生稻种植,比作单季稻每公顷可增产2.73t,增效16%。提出II优航1号再生稻生产的高产栽培技术。     

内2优6号生育特性及高产栽培技术模式研究

内2优6号全生育期146d,适于单季稻种植,分蘖力中等,株型较大,每穗约200粒,粒重高,千粒重30.5g,抗倒性较强。但叶片较长较宽。高产栽培的关键,培育壮苗,扩行稀植,控制中后期氮肥用量,增施钾肥,浅湿干灌溉,促进根系生长,提高根系活力和结实率。     

QTLs and candidate genes for chlorate resistance in rice (Oryzasativa L.)

Chlorate resistance is one of the reliable characters in Indica/Japonica classification. To understand the genetic basis of chlorate resistance is very important for revealing the evolutionary mechanism of Indica/Japonica differentiation. In this study, a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from anther culture of ZYQ8/JX17, a typical Indica and Japonica hybrid, was used as the genetic material to investigate chlorate sensitivity of the parents and DH lines. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of chlorate resistance were analyzed based on the molecular linkage map of this population. Total of 3 QTLs (qCHR-2, qCHR-8 and qCHR-10) for chlorate resistance were detected on chromosomes 2, 8 and 10, respectively. A QTL × QTL epistatic interaction was detected between qCHR-2 and qCHR-10. Genes involved in nitrogen assimilation, such as nitrate reduction, molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis and nitrate transport were strong candidates of QTLs for chlorate resistance. A putative nitrate reductase gene (8611.t00011), and two putative nitrate reductase genes (9319.t00010 and 9319.t00012) were in the genomic region of qCHR-2, and qCHR-8, respectively, and a putative nitrate transporter gene (756.t00011) was in the region of qCHR-10. The expression of 8611.t00011, 9319.t00010 and 756.t00011 were confirmed by the corresponding cDNAs, and 2 in/del and 12 SNPs in the coding regions of these three genes were found between Indica (cv. 9311) and Japonica (cv. Nipponbare) in silico. These results indicated that these three genes were candidates of the chlorate resistance QTLs. An in/del in the coding region of 8611.t00011 was used to develop a new PCR marker. A polymorphism was detected between JX17/Nipponbare and ZYQ8/9311. This polymorphism corresponds to the chlorate sensitivity of Nipponbare and 9311. This marker was located between Y8007R and RM250 on chromosome 2 in the DH population, where qCHR-2 was also located.     

冬小麦体细胞无性系种子蛋白质含量的遗传

从同一单倍体的幼穗、成熟胚、继代花药愈伤组织和种子植株幼穗获得的无性系，其蛋白质含量的变幅很大，分别为１２．１４％￣２１．３３％、１３．９８％￣２０．５１％，１３．８２％￣１７．９７％和１６．６２％￣２２．１６％。无性系蛋白质含量的变异发生在早代。获得的高蛋白特性可以遗传。已从单倍体幼穗无性系获得５个蛋白质含量高（１９％以上）的冬小麦新品系。     

酶解油菜蜂花粉抑制超氧阴离子自由基的研究

【研究目的】探讨油菜蜂花粉中水溶性有效组分的抗氧化能力及其在黄嘌呤氧化酶体系中抑制O2-.的机理。【方法】采用酶解技术和膜分离技术提取分离油菜蜂花粉中水溶性抗氧化有效组分,用黄嘌呤氧化酶体系测定酶解物的不同相对分子质量级分淬灭超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)的能力。【结果】实验结果表明,经酶解和超滤后得到的相对分子质量大于1000的组分抑制O2-.的效果非常显著【结论】酶解和膜分离技术是提高花粉抗氧化功效成分含量的有效途径。