植物组培育苗工厂电脑管理系统的设计与应用

研制了一个组培室数据库管理系统，通过检索可方便地查询培养室内各种瓶苗的动态变化和某种组培育苗状态及积累的组培育苗资料，为最适宜培养条件的电脑筛选打下基础。文中简单介绍了该系统的运行条件，数据结构和技术功能等。     

后嘴山市北沙湖湿地综合整治规划中水资源循环问题的探讨

本文探讨了石嘴山市北沙湖湿地综合整治中的水资源循环问题。笔者认为,在我国西北地区,维持湿地水资源循环是保障湿地生态功能可持续发挥的关键,也是进行湿地综合整治规划时应优先考虑的问题。区域水资源平衡是确保湿地水资源有效循环的基础,在规划中应充分分析湿地的来水水源和水资源消耗,由此确定湿地水资源循环的方式和线路。北沙湖湿地水循环确定了4条外循环线路和2条内循环线路。在水资源循环体系建设中,应充分利用现有水利设施和地势条件,尽量采用自流循环,减少设施设备投资和能源消耗。     

Factors affecting forest growth and possible effects of climate change in the Taihang Mountains, northern China

To estimate the possible effects of site factors and climatechange on forest growth in the Taihang Mountains, northern China,we assessed the factors influencing forest growth by using forestinventory data from 712 forest sample plots. Meteorologicaldata from 77 meteorological stations in the region were usedto estimate temperature and precipitation at each site fromelevation and longitude. Analyses showed that temperature, aspect,precipitation and soil thickness all significantly influencedforest growing stock (FGS), i.e. stem volume. When temperaturerose, FGS was reduced, possibly because increasing temperatureincreased evapotranspiration. Precipitation had a positive effecton FGS. The effect of aspect on FGS was perfectly expressedas a cosine function, with south-west- and south-facing slopeshaving the lowest FGS and north-facing slopes having the highest.We developed multifactorial regression models to predict changesin FGS in the Taihang Mountains. Temperature, forest age, forestcover, soil thickness, precipitation and aspect were well relatedto FGS. The effects of a temperature decrease and a precipitationincrease on FGS would be 2.5–8 per cent per degree centigradeand 10 per cent per 100 mm, respectively. The combination oftemperature increase and precipitation changes under futureclimate change is likely to result in a decrease of FGS, thoughthis does not take account the effect of increasing CO₂. Wealso used multifactorial regression models to analyse the effectsof site factors on FGS of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and Robiniapseudoacacia L., two major species used in afforestation inthe Taihang Mountains. Although site factors had similar effectson FGS, diameter at breast height and tree height of both species,prediction accuracy (regression coefficient) was improved greatlywhen we treated the species separately.     

Expression of a scorpion toxin gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">BmKit</Emphasis> enhances the virulence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lecanicillium lecanii</Emphasis> against aphids

Lecanicillium lecanii has been developed as biopesticides and widely used in the biological control of several insects in agricultural practice. However, the poor efficacy has blocked its application. The genetic manipulation has been proved as a useful tool to improve the virulence of entomopathogenic fungus. In this study, a scorpion toxin gene (BmKit) from Buthus martensi was cloned and transferred into L. lecanii and then its resulting activity against cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) was assessed. The results showed that the engineered strain BmKit-12 grew significantly quicker than WT in host insects. The median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) for BmKit-12 was 7.1-fold lower than that for WT, and the median survival time (LT₅₀) for BmKit-12 was reduced by 26.5 % compared with that for WT. Although the conidial yield was reduced by 31.4 % on insect cadavers, the mycelia growth, sporulation, and conidia germination of BmKit-12 on plates were not significantly different from WT. Considering the lower amount of mycelia for BmKit-12 in host insects in late growth stage (fungal sporulation stage), we think the expression of BmKit may not affect the capability of sporulation. In conclusion, the expression of BmKit gene can significantly enhance the pathogenicity of L. lecanii against cotton aphids in a relatively cost-effective way.     

硼对瓜叶菊生长的影响

以不同浓度的硼喷施瓜叶菊叶面,探究硼对瓜叶菊生长发育的影响。结果表明:喷施一定浓度的硼能有效促进瓜叶菊叶片宽度的增大,植株的增高;瓜叶菊叶片内叶绿素、可溶性糖含量和硝酸还原酸活性的提高;瓜叶菊的千粒重及发芽率也有较大的提高;延长了瓜叶菊的花期和寿命。施用 0 05%浓度的硼综合效果最好。     

林木组培工厂化育苗技术的研究

叙述了建立一间年产１００万株林木组培苗育苗工厂的情况。对实施林木工厂化育苗的技术路线，关键技术和几个生产工艺流程进行了论述，并对工厂的组成部分及设施，瓶苗大量移栽技术及组培苗苗圃管理等进行了较系统的研究。     

应用热扩散技术对油松栓皮栎比导率的研究

2001年4-10月,应用热扩散技术研究北京西山地区31年生油松栓皮栎混交林标准木的比导率并对13个环境因子的变化规律进行同步观测.结果表明,在野外自然条件下,油松和栓皮栎的比导率在标准日内均呈明显的凸形变化规律,栓皮栎的比导率始终高于油松.影响树木比导率的因素基本上可以分为2类,即生物学结构的遗传特性和环境因素.在林分生长期内的不同时段,环境因子对2个树种比导率的作用各不相同,即使是同一树种,在各个时段内对其比导率产生显著影响的环境因子也不是一成不变的,但一般可用少数几个环境影响因子来比较准确地模拟出比导率的变化.     

豚草和三裂叶豚草拮抗植物的筛选

【目的】 研究豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)和三裂叶豚草(Ambrosia trifida L.)浸提液对常用替代牧草高羊茅、早熟禾、黑麦草、披碱草,以及对苜蓿、葵花、玉米、小麦、甜菜种子萌发的影响;筛选对豚草和三裂叶豚草具有防控效果的替代植物以及最佳混种方式。【方法】 采用培养皿滤纸法,研究豚草和三裂叶豚草浸提液对供试种子萌发的影响。采用盆栽竞争试验,运用DeWit取代试验研究法,设置牧草和入侵杂草5种混种方式,混种比例分别为1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、2∶1、3∶1,研究黑麦草、披碱草和高羊茅与豚草和三裂叶豚草的竞争效应,分析3种牧草对豚草和三裂叶豚草的替代控制潜力。【结果】 随着豚草和三裂叶豚草的浸提液浓度的增加,4种常用替代牧草种子和新源县5种主要作物种子发芽率,发芽指数和化感效应指数均下降。5种混种密度下,黑麦草、高羊茅与三裂叶豚草混种比例为3∶1时,三裂叶豚草的竞争平衡指数分别为(-0.505 1±0.301 5)、(-0.757 6±0.265 88)均显著小于0(P<0.05);黑麦草、高羊茅与豚草混种比例为1:3时豚草竞争平衡指数分别为(-0.955 8±0.518 08)、(-2.049 7±0.178 55)均显著小于0(P<0.05)。【结论】 豚草和三裂叶豚草浸提液对供试种子萌发具有化感抑制作用;且浸提液浓度越大抑制作用越强,同时叶部化感抑制作用大于根部。三裂叶豚草对四种牧草种子萌发的化感抑制作用大于豚草。黑麦草和高羊茅可以作为豚草和三裂叶豚草的替代植物。黑麦草和高羊茅防治三裂叶豚草时建议播种比例为3∶1;防治豚草时建议播种比例为1∶3。豚草和三裂叶豚草发生密度较大时其化感抑制作用越强,影响牧草萌发生长,应适当加大替代牧草播种量。     

魔芋花叶病毒衣壳蛋白的原核表达和多克隆抗体制备

采用小RNA测序技术对甘肃省榆中县疑似感染病毒病的当归[(Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels]样品进行测序鉴定,发现样品中含有魔芋花叶病毒(Konjac mosaic virus,KoMV),通过反转录PCR(RT-PCR)扩增KoMV衣壳蛋白(capsid protein,CP)的cp基因,克隆的KoMV cp基因连接原核表达载体pET-28a(+),导入E.coli Rosetta^TM(DE3)诱导表达蛋白,在Ni-NTA重力柱层析作用下纯化CP融合蛋白,并以此作为抗原免疫新西兰大耳白兔制备多克隆抗体。序列分析表明:KoMV cp基因片段大小为840 bp,编码280个氨基酸的外壳蛋白;与GenBank已注册同源性较高的KoMV分离物相比,核苷酸序列相似性为85.58%~99.41%,氨基酸序列相似性为89.32%~99.29%;KoMV的病毒种群分布存在明显的区域性和寄主差异。SDS-PAGE显示,不同温度诱导下KoMV CP融合蛋白在E.coli Rosetta^TM(DE3)中均以包涵体的形式大量表达,融合蛋白分子量为36 ku。间接ELISA和Western blot检测结果显示,制备的多克隆抗体效价达到32 000,能够与感染KoMV的当归叶片和纯化蛋白特异性结合,具有良好的特异性。本研究成功制备了当归KoMV CP融合蛋白的多克隆抗体IgG,为开发KoMV的血清学检测技术及CP蛋白的功能研究奠定了基础。