温室环境控制系统的MPT智能算法

针对温室环境的大滞后、多输入、多输出、非线性和难以建立数学模型等特点,对传统的PID算法进行改进,并加入自适应控制、模糊控制和专家自整定等智能控制功能,建立了MPT智能控制算法.在论域内用不同控制方式分段控制,当偏差大于某一域值时,根据操态选择模糊控制,不存在抗饱和积分问题,使用模糊控制规则确定输出;当偏差减小到域值以下时,切换转入MPT算法控制,减小响应过程中的超调,并最终消除余差.该算法具有无超调、控制精度高和鲁棒性强等特点..     

NrDNA internal transcribed spacer revealed molecular diversity in strains of red seaweed <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porphyra yezoensis</Emphasis> and genetic insights for commercial breeding

Unraveling the cryptic genetic diversity and selective breeding network in various Porphyra strains is of significance for conservation and utilization of economically important nori crops, for both current and future needs. Here, we used nuclear ribosomal spacer (ITS1) region to investigate the genetic variation and intra-specific relatedness of 59 Porphyra yezoensis Ueda specimens worldwide using phylogenetic and parsimony genealogical approaches. 23 nrDNA ITS1 genotypes were revealed and clustering analysis grouped them into two distinct clades. High genetic diversity was detected in wild P. yezoensis strains from Miyagi and Hokkaido Prefectures in Japan, while the cultivated strains from China and South Korea exhibited relatively higher genetic diversity likewise, which provided crucial genetic insights for future commercial breeding of P. yezoensis on a global scale. In addition, phylogenetic study has revealed the genetic relationship of strains with unknown parentage to those with known parentage, and also ITS1 sequence pattern could be correlated with the geographic origin of P. yezoensis specimens. All these pedigree information generated from this research can be used to select parents for inter-specific or intra-specific selective breeding and cross breeding to maximize the preservation of stock resource and sustainable development of nori industry.     

2012年黑龙江省水稻市场行情分析及后市展望

在市场需求旺盛、种植效益高的影响下，2012年黑龙江省农民种植水稻的积极性进一步提高，水稻种植面积再度扩大，稻米总产实现“九连增”。在国内外粮食价格持续走高、国家提高水稻最低收购价政策等因素支撑下，稻米价格将保持高位平稳运行的良好势头。     

生姜光合效率日变化的研究

生姜生长期间，午间强光使叶片光合速率（Pn)、表观量子效率（AQY）及PSⅡ的光化学效率（Fv/Fm)下降，即表现为光抑制。苗期因光照强、温度高、AQY，Fv/Fm较低，光换制较重；随季节进展及光、温等条件的改善，光抑制减轻。对生姜遮荫可提高AQY和Fv/Fm，降低光抑制，但由于遮荫降低了羧化效率（CE），使Pn明显下降。据此，对有关遮荫理论及AQY等指标的应用进行了讨论，并提出改革当前遮荫方式的设想。     

园林苗木穿孔病发病规律及综合防治技术

穿孔病是园林苗木的主要病害之一,大多数核果类苗木都是易感病品种,此病主要为害叶片,也为害嫩梢、枝干和果实,防治难度比较大。笔者借助显微镜,利用观察法对田间病菌孢子传播情况和田间病害发生情况进行测报分析,取得了测报结果,总结出了田间发病的始期、盛期和末期,制定了一套综合防治方法,并用于田间防治,取得了良好的防治效果。     

Protein extraction from rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.) root for two-dimensional electrophresis

An efficient protein extraction method for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) from plant samples is usually challenging due to the low protein content and high level of interfering compounds. Proteomic analyses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots are limited by the lack of an efficient protein extraction method. To establish an effective protocol of protein extraction suitable for 2-DE analysis in rice roots, we evaluated three protein extraction methods (trichloroacetic acid [TCA]/acetone, Mg/NP-40/TCA, and tris-base/acetone). Our results showed that the Mg/NP-40/TCA extraction method had the highest protein yield and is the best resolution of protein separation among the three methods. The TCA/acetone method exhibited clear protein profiles and detected more protein spots with the highest intensity in the region of high Mr (above 45 kDa) than the other methods. However, this method was unable to detect proteins with low-Mr (less than 24.0 kDa). The Tris-base/acetone method showed the poorest resolution of protein separation. Our results suggest that the Mg/NP-40/TCA method was the most effective among the three methods and may provide enhanced proteomic information for rice and other crop roots.     

苹果园果草牧结合的效果

在苹果园单株施用化肥量相同的基础上，实行果草牧相结合的种植方式，与清耕法相比， 具有明显的效果。 ６６６．７ ｍ２产草量约供１．３只羊食用，果实增产２０％，果实总糖平均提高约１％，总 酸下降，硬度和维生素Ｃ提高；种草的产投比达１５．９：１；并有利于缓解有机肥来源不足的矛盾。     

布尔山羊和布奶杂一代山羊超数排卵试验

７号布奶杂一代山羊和１号布尔山羊，阴道放置海绵栓同时注射雌二醇２ｍｇ预处理７ｄ，随机分为２组，开始超排处理。第１组每日上午肌注用生理盐水溶解的ＦＳＨ，连续４ｄ，剂量分别为１５０，１００，５０，５０ＩＵ。第２组一次肌注用３００ｇ／ＬＰＶＰ溶解的ＦＳＨ２５０￣３００ＩＵ。两组均于处理后的第３天下午撤除阴道海绵栓，同时皮下注射１５－甲基ＰＧＦ２α０．６ｍｇ，第１组于第４天上午再次注射１５－甲基ＰＧＦ２α