麦秸还田及氮肥管理技术对水稻产量的影响

以水稻武香粳14和扬粳9538为材,大田设麦秸还田与不还田、不施氮肥、习惯施肥法（FFP）和基于叶绿素仪(SPAD)测定值的氮肥管理(SSNM)等处理。结果表明,SSNM较FFP氮肥施用量减少40.0%~41.7%,而产量平均增加3.81%。秸秆还田的较秸秆未还田的产量平均增加2.49%。氮肥的农学利用率、吸收利用率和生理利用率均以秸秆还田高于秸秆不还田处理。与秸秆未还田或FFP相比,秸秆还田和SSNM降低了生育前期的分蘖数、叶面积指数和干物质积累（但抽穗及以后差异较小）;提高了茎蘖成穗率、结实期叶片光合速率和根系活力。说明秸秆还田和SSNM有利于生育后期群体光合生产和提高物质生产效率。秸秆还田和实地氮肥管理提高了氮收获指数和氮肥利用效率。对秸秆还田和SSNM的产量、生育特性及氮肥利用效率进行了讨论。     

不同产地蔓荆子种子质量研究

目的：研究3个主产区蔓荆子种子的质量,为规范化种植蔓荆子提供参考。方法：对山东、江西和广西3个蔓荆子主产区的蔓荆子进行质量检测,包括性状特征、净度、千粒重、发芽率和生活力测定。结果：山东、江西两个产区蔓荆子非常相似,与广西产区的有明显的区别;净度分别为83．2％、92．5％和97．6％;千粒重分别为58．6g、60g和60．8g;发芽率为0;生活力为26．7％、30．3％和36．6％;种胚多数发育不好。结论：3个产区的蔓荆子种子不能作繁殖材料使用。     

Inter- and intraspecific variations of cadmium accumulation of 13 leafy vegetable species in a greenhouse experiment

Leafy vegetables are among the crop species that are most vulnerable to heavy metal pollution. This study investigated inter- and intraspecific variations of cadmium accumulation in 13 species with a total of 39 cultivars of leafy vegetables under two levels of soil Cd stress (1.5 and 7.7 mg kg (-1)). Intraspecific variations of shoot biomass and Cd concentration of the tested leafy vegetables were significantly larger than interspecific variations under both Cd treatments and were also more significantly correlated between two Cd stress levels when grouped by cultivar than grouped by species. These results indicate that cultivar is a more reliable taxa level for screening pollutant-safe leafy vegetables than species. Any screening for pollutant hypoaccumulator species, or other similar species-based concepts, without considering intraspecific variation should be avoided.     

金属元素对Xhhh菌株表达MnP酶及降解污染物的影响

测定分析了制药废水中Mn2 、Cu2 、Zn2 和Se4 4种金属元素离子水平对跨界原生质体融合(IKPF)特效菌株Xhhh表达锰过氧化物酶(MnP)水平及降解有机污染物效率的影响。结果表明,影响MnP表达水平的金属元素离子顺序为Mn2 >Se4 >Zn2 >Cu2 。在MnP水平与生物比降解率(SDR)之间,存在极显著的正相关性(P<0.01)。研究结果为应用IKPF-Xhhh特效菌株处理制药废水的工艺设计提供了重要的分子生物学参数。本文还对Xhhh在土壤修复中的应用前景进行了分析讨论。     

江苏省畜禽粪便污染现状与防治对策

根据2000年以来江苏省畜禽饲养状况的有关资料,利用各类畜禽粪便日排泄系数估算畜禽粪便量,在此基础上计算江苏省各地畜禽粪便污染负荷量。研究发现,江苏省畜禽养殖业产生的粪便及各类污染物数量巨大,盐城市产生的粪便及各类污染物居全省首位,南通市次之;江苏省畜禽粪便污染负荷量平均为16.5t/(hm~2·a),南通市畜禽粪便污染负荷量最高,达26.7t/(hm~2·a)。全省畜禽粪便污染负荷最高的县是南通市的海安县,其次是盐城市的盐都县。最后本文分析了畜禽粪便污染环境的主要原因并提出了畜禽养殖污染防治的对策。     

基于嵌套子集方法对南京市城镇化用地时空变化分析

随着城镇化的加速发展,越来越多的土地资源被占用。本文应用嵌套子集方法,并借助RS和GIS技术,利用1984、1995、2000、2003年4期TM卫星遥感影像,对南京市近20年来城镇扩展情况进行了分析。结果表明:1984─2003年间,随着城市化水平的不断提高,南京市城镇用地面积不断扩大,填充度从1984年的3.5%提高到2003年的7.2%,增加1倍多,并呈嵌套格局,且嵌套程度越来越高;各乡镇填充度的变化表现出差异性,即市区的乡镇、市区周边的乡镇以及在区县的乡镇的填充度增加较大,其他大部分乡镇的填充度虽然都有不同程度的增加,但增加程度不大,还有一些乡镇的填充度没有变化。     

饲用型牧草东科“巨谷”改土培肥效应研究

在河西走廊盐土上种植饲用型牧草东科"巨谷",改土培肥效果明显。种植巨谷3年与CK比较,0～20cm土层中自然含水量增加99.72g kg-1、土壤贮水量增加171.78m3 hm-2、>0.25mm团粒结构增加22.64%、总孔度增加13.64%、毛管孔度增加8.05%、土壤容重降低0.23g cm3;pH由8.03降到7.79,全盐含量降低3.70 g kg-1,脱盐率达到70.34%;土壤有机质增加2.98 g kg-1、速效N、P、K分别增加14.74mg kg-1、2.26mg kg-1、37.26 mg kg-1。种植巨谷3年,平均株高265.25cm,茎粗3.80cm,单株鲜重1165.62g,单株干重384.65g,鲜草产量78.68t hm-2,干草产量25.96t hm-2,产值7300元hm-2。     

硼对豌豆根尖铝毒的影响

研究了B(0、 100、 1000μmol/L)对豌豆根尖Al和胼胝质含量的影响,以揭示B是否能减轻Al胁迫.发现:Al浓度100 μmol/L时,浓度100 μmol/L B处理的根苏木精染色颜色较不加B处理浅.Al浓度100 μmol/L和500μmol/L时,100μmol/L B处理的豌豆0～0.5 cm和0.5～1 cm根段的Al含量均比未加B处理有明显降低的趋势;高B处理(1000 μmol/L)均引起根段的Al含量高于不加B处理.Al浓度100 μmol/L时,加B处理后豌豆0～0.5 cm根段胼胝质含量显著低于不加B处理.结果表明:适量B可以减轻豌豆根尖Al毒.     

Improvement of texture properties and flavor of frozen dough by carrot (Daucus carota) antifreeze protein supplementation

The effects of concentrated carrot protein (CCP) containing 15.4% (w/w) carrot (Daucus carota) antifreeze protein on texture properties of frozen dough and volatile compounds of crumb were studied. CCP supplementation lowered the freezable water content of the dough, resulting in some beneficial effects including holding loaf volume steadily and making the dough softer and steadier during frozen storage. Furthermore, SPME-GC-MS analysis showed CCP supplementation did not give any negative influences on volatile compounds of crumb and gave a pleasant aroma felt like Michelia alba DC from trans-caryophyllene simultaneously. Combining our previous results that CCP supplementation improves the fermentation capacity of the frozen dough, CCP could be used as a beneficial additive for frozen dough processing.     

Flumorph Is a Novel Fungicide That Disrupts Microfilament Organization in Phytophthora melonis

ABSTRACT The mechanism of the effects of flumorph (a novel fungicide) was investigated by analyzing alterations of hyphal morphology, cell wall deposition patterns, F-actin organization, and other organelles in Phytophthora melonis. Calcofluor white staining suggested that flumorph did not inhibit the synthesis of cell wall materials, but disturbed the polar deposition of newly synthesized cell wall materials during cystospore germination and hyphal growth. After exposure to flumorph, zoospores were able to switch into cystospores accompanied with the formation of a cell wall, whereas cystospores failed to induce the isotropic-polar switch and did not produce germ tubes but continued the isotropic growth phase. In flumorph-treated hyphae, the most characteristic change was the development of periodic swelling ("beaded" morphology) and the disruption of tip growth. Newly synthesized cell wall materials were deposited uniformly throughout the diffuse expanded region of hyphae, in contrast to their normal polarized patterns of deposition. These alterations were the result of F-actin disruption, identified with the fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-phalloidin staining. The disruption of F-actin also was accompanied by disorganized organelles: each swelling of subapical hyphae was associated with a nucleus. Vesicles did not undergo polarized secretion to the apical hyphae, but diffused around nuclei for the subapical growth; thus, the cell wall was thickened with periodic expansion along the hyphae. Upon removing flumorph, normal tip growth and organized F-actin were observed again. These data, as well as data published earlier, suggest that flumorph may be involved in the impairment of cell polar growth through directly or indirectly disrupting the organization of F-actin. The primary site of action by flumorph in the disruption of the F-actin organization is under investigation.