Modeling soil water dynamics in a drip-irrigated intercropping field under plastic mulch

Intercropping, drip irrigation, and the use of plastic mulch are important management practices, which can, when utilized simultaneously, increase crop production and save irrigation water. Investigating soil water dynamics in the root zone of the intercropping field under such conditions is essential in order to understand the combined effects of these practices and to promote their wider use. However, not much work has been done to investigate soil water dynamics in the root zone of drip-irrigated, strip intercropping fields under plastic mulch. Three field experiments with different irrigation treatments (high T1, moderate T2, and low T3) were conducted to evaluate soil water contents (SWC) at different locations, for different irrigation treatments, and with respect to dripper lines and plants (corn and tomatoes). Experimental data were then used to calibrate the HYDRUS (2D/3D) model. Comparison between experimental data and model simulations showed that HYDRUS (2D/3D) described different irrigation events and SWC in the root zone well, with average relative errors of 10.8, 9.5, and 11.6 % for irrigation treatments T1, T2, and T3, respectively, and with corresponding root mean square errors of 0.043, 0.035, and 0.040 cm³ cm^?3, respectively. The results showed that the SWC in the shallow root zone (0–40 cm) was lower under non-mulched locations than under mulched locations, irrespective of the irrigation treatment, while no significant differences in the SWC were observed in the deeper root zone (40–100 cm). The SWC in the shallow root zone was significantly higher for the high irrigation treatment (T1) than for the low irrigation treatment, while, again, no differences were observed in the deeper root zone. Simulations of two-dimensional SWC distributions revealed that the low irrigation treatment (T3) produced serious severe water stress (with SWCs near the wilting point) in the 30–40 cm part of the root zone, and that using separate drip emitter lines for each crop is well suited for producing the optimal soil water distribution pattern in the root zone of the intercropping field. The results of this study can be very useful in designing an optimal irrigation plan for intercropped fields.     

玉米收获机拉茎辊的改进设计

针对摘穗板-拉茎辊组合式摘穗装置在玉米收获过程中存在的问题,对拉茎辊进行改进设计。改进后的拉茎辊叶片轴采用无缝钢管经模具拉伸成型,整个叶片轴是一体的,叶片棱面为圆弧结构,并且将叶片轴后端与销轴连接的卡槽尺寸加大,加装金属耐磨套。该改进方案解决了传统拉茎辊易开焊、振动大、寿命短等问题。利用Solid Works软件对改进后拉茎辊进行有限元分析得知:应力和最大应变主要分布在拉茎辊后端的U型槽内,最大位移分布在叶片棱上,都在材料的变化范围内,改进方案合理。     

近红外多组分分析中异常样本识别方法

近红外光谱分析中,异常样本的存在严重影响定标模型的预测性能和适配性。基于 X / Y 联合的ODXY异常样本识别和剔除方法,提出并证明了一种专用于多组分分析的MODXY异常样本识别方法。实验采用80组玉米近红外光谱数据,利用不同异常样本识别方法剔除异常样本后建立玉米含水率、含油率、蛋白质含量和淀粉含量4种组分的偏最小二乘预测模型,采用预测均方差和决定系数作为评价指标比较所建模型的性能,检验MODXY方法在多组分分析中的异常样本识别能力。实验结果表明：在近红外多组分分析中,MODXY方法在大多数情况下具有更好的异常样本识别能力;MODXY方法和ODXY方法均有一定的适用范围,它们更适合于相应组分化学值的相对标准偏差较大的情况。     

柴油机燃用甲醇/柴油双燃料的试验研究

对原柴油机基本不改变其结构和调整参数的基础上,实现了甲醇/柴油双燃料的简单改造并进行了试验研究。研究表明,双燃料发动机在甲醇吸入量在212~722.89g/h范围内时,发动机能平稳工作,发动机的动力性、经济性和排放性能均优于原柴油机。     

汽车仪表总成终检台系统开发

针对“汽车仪表总成终检台”系统的开发,,论述了系统设计的背景、设计原理和设计思想:该系统应用于汽车仪表总成出厂前的各项性能测试,并把实测的各项指标存放于数据库中,使得产品的可追溯性得以实现,它对国产汽车仪表总成的各项性能检测趋于科学化、规范化、批量化,使其能达到国际汽车工业的同等水平。     

内燃机燃烧模型的发展现状

利用CFD技术对内燃机燃烧过程进行数值模拟已成为内燃机研究的重要工具。选用恰当的燃烧模型对准确预测内燃机燃烧过程具有重要意义。内燃机CFD燃烧模型主要针对自燃、预混燃烧和非预混燃烧3种燃烧模式，其中有些模型可以同时模拟2种模式或3种模式。内燃机新的燃烧系统的不断出现促进了燃烧模型的发展。本文以STAR—CD和FIRE软件为出发点，介绍了内燃机燃烧模型的发展现状。     

电动助力转向系统转向性能的客观评价

针对电动助力转向的结构特点，分析了电动助力转向对汽车转向性能的影响，提出从转向轻便性、转向回正性、转向盘中间位置区域性能、转向盘振动、随动灵敏度和助力特性等方面进行电动助力转向系统转向性能的客观评价，并探讨了相应的评价指标，对电动助力转向助力控制规律、基本设计参数以及相关试验标准的确定有指导意义。     

物料状态对圆筒式短茎秆清理装置性能的影响

以喂入量和含杂率为试验因素，研究了圆筒式短茎秆清理装置的分离性能，分析了该装置沿长度方向的分离规律，给出了使用中的长度确定原则。     

液压悬挂试验的加载误差及其补偿

通过对下支点固定式油缸加载工况下拖拉机液压悬挂装置的受力分析，推导出这种国内外常用试验台设计方案的加载误差，并给出试验数据的修正方法以补偿该项误差的影响。     

弧型齿残膜捡拾滚筒捡膜的机理

对弧型齿残膜清理滚筒捡膜齿的轴向排列、滚筒转速、捡膜齿运动轨迹和各相关参数进行分析研究,初步找出弧型捡膜齿满足要求的排列布置、滚筒转速和合理的入土深度,确定了残膜回收机具的运动参数λ范围,为残膜清理滚筒的设计提供了理论依据。试验表明,所设计的残膜回收机具运动参数是合理的,在保证膜土分离效果好和较高残膜捡拾率的前提下可显著提高工作效率。