葫芦岛市农机社会化服务发展措施

根据葫芦岛市农机及其社会化服务的发展现状及存在的主要问题,借鉴企业在经营管理、资产组织、市场开发、技术信息获取等方面的经验,探讨提高葫芦岛市农机社会化服务水平的具体措施,为加速全市的农业发展提供机具保障。     

施氮和拔节期测墒补灌对冬小麦产量和氮素吸收的影响(英文)

[目的]研究施氮量和拔节期不同测墒补灌量对冬小麦的产量及构成因子、植株氮素吸收的影响。[方法]采用土壤目标相对含水量和施氮量3×3完全均衡方案和裂区设计,土壤目标相对含水量设3个水平,分别为拔节期60%(W1)、70%(W2)和80%(W3),施氮量设3个水平,分别为施纯氮0 kg/hm2(N0)、195 kg/hm2(N195)和255 kg/hm2(N255),以周麦18为供试材料。[结果]拔节期测墒补灌和施氮对小麦产量及其构成因子、植株氮素积累量均有显著或极显著影响。补灌量和施氮量对穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量和植株氮积累量的交互效应均达显著或极显著水平,在不同水氮处理组合中,以W2N195产量最高,而以W1N255产量最低。[结论]随着补灌量的增加,相应地降低氮肥用量有利于增加穗数、穗粒数、产量和植株氮素积累量,降低施氮对千粒重的负效应。     

Identification of QTLs for Starch Content in Sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.)

Sweetpotato（Ipomoea batatas（L.）Lam.）breeding is challenging due to its genetic complexity.In the present study,interval mapping（IM）and multiple quantitative trait locus（QTL）model（MQM）analysis were used to identify QTLs for starch content with a mapping population consisting of 202 F1 individuals of a cross between Xushu 18,a cultivar susceptible to stem nematodes,with high yield and moderate starch,and Xu 781,which is resistant to stem nematodes,has low yield and high starch content.Six QTLs for starch content were mapped on six linkage groups of the Xu 781 map,explaining 9.1-38.8%of the variation.Especially,one of them,DMFN₄,accounted for 38.8%of starch content variation,which is the QTL that explains the highest phenotypic variation detected to date in sweetpotato.All of the six QTLs had a positive effect on the variation of the starch content,which indicated the inheritance derived from the parent Xu 781.Two QTLs for starch content were detected on two linkage groups of the Xushu 18 map,explaining 14.3 and 16.1%of the variation,respectively.They had a negative effect on the variation,indicating the inheritance derived from Xu 781.Seven of eight QTLs were co-localized with a single marker.This is the first report on the development of QTLs co-localized with a single marker in sweetpotato.These QTLs and their co-localized markers may be used in marker-assisted breeding for the starch content of sweetpotato.     

The Estimation of Soil Trace Elements Distribution and Soil-Plant-Animal Continuum in Relation to Trace Elements Status of Sheep in Huangcheng Area of Qilian Mountain Grassland,China

The purpose of the present study was to survey contents of trace elements of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in the surface layer （0-20 cm） in the soil, pasture and serum of sheep in Huangcheng area of Qilian mountain grassland, China. Also the soil-plantanimal continuum was analyzed. Soil （n=300）, pasture （n=60）, and blood serum samples from sheep （n=480） were collected from Huangcheng area of Qilian mountain grassland, China. The contents of trace element in the samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer after digestion. The soil trace elements density distribution shows a ladder-like pattern distribution. Equations developed in the present study for prediction of Fe （R2=0.943） and Zn （R2=0.882） had significant R2 values.     

微生物肥料对不同节肥水平下烤烟生长与产质的影响

通过大田随机区组试验研究了10%、20%、30%节肥水平下两种微生物肥料对烤烟生长及产质的影响。结果表明:(1)在团棵期和旺长期,烤烟的农艺性状随着减肥量的增加而降低,在30%节肥水平时,降低较为明显,对烤烟生长的影响较大。到成熟期,金农肥中肥各节肥水平对烤烟的农艺性状均有不同程度的提升,德根贝在10%节肥水平时,烤烟的农艺性状有提升,在20%和30%节肥水平时分别降低10.4%、4.9%。(2)烤烟在3种节肥水平下其经济性状与对照均无显著差异,但不同节肥水平之间存在差异。两种微生物肥料均在20%节肥水平时,烤烟经济性状表现最好。金农肥中肥效果较为明显,显著提高了烤烟上等烟比例、中上等烟比例及均价,且烤烟产值比对照、10%节肥水平、30%节肥水平分别增加12.5%、34.5%、28.2%。     

不同贝母的指纹图谱鉴别研究

[目的]建立指纹图谱方法,区分与鉴别浙贝母、平贝母、川贝母药材.[方法]采用高效液相色谱法,蒸发光散射检测器.[结果]测定方法稳定可靠,3种贝母测定精密度、重复性RSD均小于5％,同时色谱峰均具有各自的特征性.[结论]该方法稳定可靠,可作为浙贝母、平贝母、川贝母区分与判定的有效途径.     

山地烟区烟农专业合作社的探索与实践——以重庆巫山蓝田烤烟专业合作社为例

发展烟农专业合作社,是现代烟草农业建设的必然选择与关键环节.相比于平原烟区,山地烟区普遍存在涉及乡镇众多、烟田较分散、户均规模不高、机械作业难以开展等诸多问题.该研究以巫山蓝田烤烟专业合作社为例,分析了山地烟区烟农专业合作社建设发展历程、发展现状、发展成效,总结了适宜山地烟区的烟农专业合作社运行模式,并对当前山地烟区烟农专业合作社的考核模式、发展方向、运行机制等提出了建议.     

黄水枝属药学研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,对黄水枝属的成分、药理、临床应用及注意事项等进行了概述,为其深入研究和开发利用提供科学资料。     

天山花楸正丁醇部位降糖效果研究

[目的]对天山花楸的有效成分进行提取分离,探索正丁醇部位的降糖效果。[方法]采用回流提取法对天山花楸进行提取,梯度洗脱,获得正丁醇部位,以链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发小白鼠糖尿病模型,利用该部位进行降血糖试验。[结果]正丁醇部位给药组与模型组相比,有明显降糖效果。[结论]天山花楸具有一定的抗糖尿病作用。     

会昌县宜耕后备土地资源开发潜力调查分析

宜耕后备土地资源开发是增加耕地、保障我国粮食安全的一条重要途径.该研究以会昌县为例,以全国第二次土地调查成果为基础数据,运用GIS技术、典型抽样调查、数学模型及综合分析等多种方法,对会昌县后备土地资源进行适宜性评价,在此基础上测算其开发潜力并进行分级.结果显示,会昌县境内宜耕后备土地资源总量达1 813.07 hm2,占后备土地资源的21.92％;可开发利用的宜耕后备土地资源多集中在坡度为6°～15°的地区,面积为738.11 hm2.