社会资本需求视角下的高素质农民培训行为研究——基于计划行为理论分析框架

人才是支撑乡村振兴战略的关键因素,高素质农民的培育在新时代被提升至新的高度。基于计划行为理论分析框架,利用浙江省的高素质农民调查数据,采用结构方程模型对760个有效样本进行实证分析,探究社会资本需求视角下高素质农民培训行为的影响因素。研究发现:高素质农民基于社会资本需求的行为态度对其行为意向具有显著(P<0.01)正向影响,行为意向对其实际行为具有显著(P<0.01)正向作用。由此提出高素质农民培训要聚焦实际需求、搭建交流平台,强化跟踪服务、打造培育品牌,找准培育对象、优化培训项目,突破时空限制、活化培训形式等启示。     

基于BERT字向量和TextCNN的农业问句分类模型分析

【目的】研究不同词向量和深度学习模型组合对农业问句分类结果的影响,为构建农业智能问答系统提供技术支撑。【方法】通过爬虫获取农业种植网等网站的问答数据,选择20000条问句进行人工标注,构建农业问句分类语料库。采用BERT对农业问句进行字符编码,利用文本卷积神经网络（TextCNN）提取问句高维度特征对农业问句进行分类。【结果】在词向量对比实验中,BERT字向量与TextCNN结合时农业问句分类F1值达93.32%,相比Word2vec字向量提高2.1%。在深度学习模型的分类精度对比方面,TextCNN与Word2vec和BERT字向量结合的F1值分别达91.22%和93.32%,均优于其他模型。在农业问句的细分试验中,BERT-TextCNN在栽培技术、田间管理、土肥水管理和其他4个类别中分类F1值分别为86.06%、90.56%、95.04%和85.55%,均优于其他深度学习模型。超参数设置方面,BERT-TextCNN农业问句分类模型卷积核大小设为［3,4,5］、学习率设为5e-5、迭代次数设为5时效果最优,该模型在数据样本不均衡的情况下,对于农业问句的平均分类准确率依然能达93.00%以上,可满足农业智能问答系统的问句分类需求。【建议】通过阿里NLP等开源平台提升数据标注质量;在分类过程中补充词频和文档特征,提高模型分类精度;农业相关政府职能部门加强合作,积极探索农业技术数字化推广和服务新模式。     

有机污染土壤生物修复效果的限制因素及提升措施

土壤中的有机污染物主要来源于有机农药、石油污染、工业生产等,其对生态环境和人体健康造成了极大的危害。受有机物污染的土壤能通过物理、化学、生物等一系列的修复技术进行治理,其中生物修复技术被认为是处理有机污染土壤最有效、经济且环境友好的修复技术,但其修复效率受诸多因素影响。本文从气候地理条件、有机污染物的存在形态和土壤自身环境与营养3个方面系统地分析了生物修复技术的限制因素,并从物种选择、生物有效性提升（引入微生物或土壤动物、添加表面活性剂和有机溶剂）及稳定生态系统的构建（添加生物炭、营养补充剂,采用电强化生物修复技术）3个角度科学地提出了提升生物修复技术效率的方法,最后对加强有机物污染土壤复合修复技术的研究进行了展望。     

中国淡水硅藻新记录——冈瓦纳舟形藻

2021年,在对福建省莆田市东圳水库进行藻类多样性调查过程中,发现了中国淡水硅藻的一个新记录种———冈瓦纳舟形藻(Navicula gondwana Lange-Bertalot)。该种在澳大利亚首次被报道,但原文提供的超微结构特征有限,亦未提供内壳面电镜图。使用光镜和扫描电镜对采集自福建的冈瓦纳舟形藻种群的形态特征,进行了详细观察及描述,并将其与模式种,以及其他相似种的形态特征,进行了比较。结果表明：(1)壳面整体呈狭披针形,壳面末端钝圆锥形;(2)壳缝简单,直线状,近缝端略微膨大,稍偏向壳体一侧,远缝端延伸成强烈的弯钩状,两末端的壳缝弯向一侧,且与近缝端偏斜方向一致;(3)中轴区窄,线形,中央区相对较大,呈不规则圆形;(4)壳面横线纹由单列的短线形孔纹组成,在中部呈辐射状排列,两端聚束状排列,10 μm内有11~14条。研究结果与冈瓦纳舟形藻模式产地种群的形态、线纹等特征吻合,该物种在中国是首次报道。     

他克林对猪精子冻后质量、抗氧化能力及糖代谢的影响

旨在研究他克林对猪精液冻后质量、抗氧化能力及糖代谢的影响机制。手握法采集12头18～24月龄健康杜洛克种公猪精液,在其冷冻保存稀释液中加0.10mmol/L他克林并冷冻保存,检测冻后精子活率、质膜完整率、顶体完整率和畸形率、线粒体膜电位、DNA完整性,同时利用试剂盒检测总抗氧能力、丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、总胆固醇含量、丙酮酸含量及己糖激酶活性。结果表明,与鲜精相比,冻融后精子活率和质膜完整率、顶体完整率、线粒体膜电位、DNA完整性、抗氧化能力及糖代谢指标均极显著下降,畸形率极显著升高。与空白组相比,他克林显著提高冻后精子顶体完整率、DNA完整率、超氧化物歧化酶、丙酮酸含量;极显著提高精子活率、质膜完整率、线粒体膜电位、总抗氧能力、丙二醛含量、总胆固醇含量及己糖激酶活性,极显著降低畸形率。总之,猪精液冷冻前添加浓度为0.10 mmol/L的他克林可能通过提高抗氧化能力和糖代谢水平改善冻融后猪精子的质量。     

大豆转录因子GmDof1.5的克隆与非生物胁迫诱导表达

Dof转录因子在植物的生长发育和非生物胁迫响应中起重要的调控作用。利用RT-PCR技术从大豆中克隆了一个功能未知的Dof转录因子基因GmDof1.5,该基因位于大豆基因组15号染色体上,ORF全长540 bp,编码含有179个氨基酸的蛋白质,相对分子质量为20.15 ku,等电点为9.82。蛋白序列预测发现,GmDof1.5蛋白含有一个典型Zf-Dof结合域,且含有大量磷酸化位点。蛋白系统进化分析表明,大豆GmDof1.5与豆科植物鸡血藤SsDof4的亲缘关系最近。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,ABA、干旱、高盐、高温和低温胁迫均可不同程度地诱导GmDof1.5的表达,且GmDof1.5对高温胁迫的响应最为显著。     

东海区发展水产资源增养殖的设想

东海区海岸线和岛屿岸线分别占全国的34%和49.1%,面积大于500m~2的岛屿共3481个,潍涂面积占全国的46.7%。港湾众多,总面积25507 km~2,0～20 m 水深的浅海面积64461 km~2,约占全国50%。东海区栖息了许多名特优的渔业资源,海洋生物具有相当的丰度和广度,水文环境稳定,营养盐类丰富,初级生产力高,也是多种鱼类、虾类、蟹类的栖息、繁殖场所。东海区(包括福建省、浙江省、上海市和江苏省)1991年海水增养殖面积达1335 km~2,总产量48.0万 t。全区具有较大规模的海带育苗、紫菜育苗、贝类育苗、虾类育苗、海蜇育苗的场地和设备。鱼类育苗技术不断提高.现已进行了约80个种类的人工、半人工育苗及20个种类的增殖放流或移植、自然增殖的试验。海水养殖种类达40～50种。东海区得天独厚的具有高经济价值的鳗苗和中华绒螫蟹苗的天然苗种资源。东海区既是全国海水增养殖业的重要基地也希望取得周边国家和地区的支持和合作。提出了今后(2000年止)发展的具体设想内容及主要项目,以及应采取的措施等,具有指导意义。     

The siderophore-interacting protein is involved in iron acquisition and virulence of Riemerella anatipestifer strain CH3

Riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootic infectious disease in poultry and serious economic losses especially to the duck industry. However, little is known regarding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. The ability to acquire iron under low-iron conditions is related to the virulence of a variety of bacterial pathogens. In this study, a sip (Riean_1281) deletion mutant CH3Δsip was constructed and characterized for iron-limited growth, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity to ducklings. Results showed that siderophore-interacting protein (SIP) was involved in iron utilization and the sip deletion significantly reduced biofilm formation and adherence to and invasion of Vero cells. In addition, the sip gene was absent in 1 of 24 (4.17%) virulent strains and 2 of 3 (66.7%) avirulent strains of R. anatipestifer, and the sip gene from six R. anatipestifer strains, which belong to serotypes 1, 2, and 10, respectively, shared 100% amino acid identities to those of R. anatipestifer strains DSM15868 and RA-GD. These results suggested that siderophore-mediated iron acquisition may be an important iron-uptake pathway in R. anatipestifer. Animal experiments indicated that the median lethal dose of the CH3Δsip mutant in ducklings was about 35-fold higher than that of the wild-type CH3 strain. Thus, our results demonstrated that R. anatipestifer SIP was involved in iron acquisition and necessary for its optimal virulence.     

液压Stewart主从系统六维控制策略

设计了一种主从手均为液压Stewart机构的主从控制系统,用于操作者以遥操作的方式进行复杂曲面的研磨,避免研磨粉尘对现场工作的工人造成呼吸道伤害。针对该机构需具有六维力反馈的工作要求,采用基于工作空间的四通道力觉双向伺服策略,以降低连杆差异和外界干扰力等非线性因素的影响,提高力反馈精度。在此基础上提出了六维的策略切换控制,解决因从端遭遇刚性冲击引起的主手震荡问题。通过柔性及刚性碰撞实验证明了该策略的有效性。     

Effect of pH on the gelation of walleye pollack surimi and carp actomyosin pastes

ABSTRACT: The effect of pH on thermal gelation and transglutaminase (TGase; EC2.3.2.13)-induced suwari (setting) of surimi and actomyosin pastes was investigated. A strong and elastic gel was produced from walleye pollack surimi paste at pH 7.0 in the presence of Ca²⁺ using a two-step heating method. In contrast, walleye pollack actomyosin paste formed a weak gel under the same conditions as a result of the low concentration of endogenous TGase. In the presence of EGTA [ethyleneglycol bis(2-aminoethylether) tetraacetic acid], weak gels were formed at pH values of 7.0 and 6.0. Non-proteolytic modori (gel weakening) occurred extensively in the course of actomyosin gelation, but not in surimi gelation. Maximum TGase-induced myosin heavy chain cross-linking was observed at a slightly higher pH of 7.5 than at the optimal pH of endogenous TGase activity; the difference being derived from different substrates. Gelation of carp actomyosin paste at pH values of 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 was monitored by measuring storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G"). A weak gel was formed at all pH values, but a slightly rigid and less elastic gel was obtained at lower pH values. The addition of microbial TGase (MTGase) formed strong elastic gels at pH 7.0 and 6.5. MTGase cross-linked myosin heavy chains even at pH 5.5, but contributed neither to suwari response nor strong gel formation. Overall, results suggest that the optimal pH for the gelation of surimi paste from easy-setting fish species is a compromise between the pH-optima of TGase activity and of preferable actomyosin conformation for myosin cross-linking.