辐照后转移时间对水稻体细胞愈伤组织分化的影响

用137Csγ射线辐照 3份籼稻 (OryzasativaL .subsp .Indica)幼穗诱导的愈伤组织 ,研究了辐照剂量、辐照后转移时间对愈伤组织褐化率与分化率的影响。结果发现除了基因型和辐照剂量有明显作用之外 ,辐照后转移时间也有重要作用。辐照后延迟转移时间会不同程度提高褐化率 ,而存活的愈伤组织的分化率却有一定的提高。辐照后 48h转移愈伤组织的效果优于辐照后 2 4h转移愈伤组织的效果。讨论了扩大γ射线辐照愈伤组织的应用范围的可能性     

Market turtle mystery solved in Vietnam

Asian turtles are overharvested for food, medicinal purposes and pets, and most species are now at risk of extinction (‘Asian turtle crisis’). As a result of high levels of trade, some species of Asian turtles are known to science mostly or only from animals found in trade. The Vietnamese box turtle (Cuora picturata) was described in 1998 and is known only from markets. This species is likely to be highly threatened, and identifying the origin of this “market species” is imperative if it is to be conserved. We used evidence from phylogeny, biogeography and trade patterns to focus field searches for this species, and in July 2010–January 2011 found it in the wild at three localities on the Langbian Plateau of southern Vietnam. This discovery provides the first opportunity to conserve the Vietnamese box turtle, and provides hope for determining the wild origin of other rare Asian turtles that remain known only from commercial trade.     

Genetic characterization of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) varieties conserved in Vietnam through SCoT marker-based polymorphisms

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) production sustains millions of smallholder farmers and their families around the globe, and also powers a thriving industry of...     

竹柳枝桠材重组木的研制

以幼龄竹柳枝桠材为原料,通过对竹柳枝桠材酸碱性、密度、干缩性、表面接触角以及密度、施胶量对竹柳重组木物理力学性能的影响进行研究。结果表明,竹柳枝桠材的p H为6.43~6.46,呈弱酸性,酸碱缓冲容量为34.63~38.94 m L,全干干缩率为1.86,气干干缩率为1.91;利用表面张力测量仪测得,竹柳枝桠材外表面MUF接触角为54.52°,内表面为37.27°。在板材密度0.9 g/cm3、三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂(MUF)施胶量14%、热压温度160℃、加压时间20 min、木束含水率6%条件下制得的竹柳重组木弹性模量为12 948.68 MPa,达到GB/T 4897.7—2003《刨花板》的要求;静曲强度为105.08 MPa,内结合强度为2.07 MPa,2 h吸水厚度膨胀率为3.49%,其值均达到了LY/T1984—2011《重组木地板》的要求。SEM图像表明MUF压制的竹柳重组木的管孔被压缩成椭圆形,但细胞壁本身并没有被压溃,仍然保持了其完整性;红外光谱仪测试结果表明,竹柳的纤维素和半纤维素均与胶黏剂发生反应,存在化学键的结合。     

Assessment of biochemical and antioxidant diversities in a shallot germplasm collection from Vietnam and its surrounding countries

The shallot is considered an important genetic resource for Allium breeding programs because, compared to the bulb onion, the shallot contains higher levels of several functional chemical compounds. However, there may be differences in content, composition and beneficial activity among shallot landraces. This study was carried out to characterize the differences in phenolic, quercetin, sugar, S-alk(en)yl-l-cystein sulfoxide (ACSO), and saponin contents and antioxidant capacities of a shallot germplasm including 31 strains derived from different regions of Vietnam and six other countries. A wide variation was observed in the quantitative analyses of the chemical contents. Shallots with high contents of polyphenols, saponins, and quercetins were found in the south of Vietnam and other low-latitude countries. Meanwhile, those possessing fairly high ACSO and sugar contents were observed in the north of Vietnam. Qualitative analysis of saponins via thin layer chromatography did not show clear variation among shallot strains, but polymorphism was observed between the shallot and other Allium species, such as A. roylei. The principal component analysis could clearly discriminate shallot strains by their geographical origins. All shallot strains showed potent antioxidant activities in a DPPH assay. The highest antioxidant capacity was in the strains possessing relatively high contents of polyphenol, quercetin, and saponin. Significant correlations were found between antioxidant capacity (IC ₅₀ ^?1 ) and four groups of chemical compounds (polyphenols, quercetins, saponins, and ACSOs) (r = 0.40–0.59). A strong correlation was observed between IC ₅₀ ^?1 and quercetin contents (r = 0.59, p < 0.01). The six Fusarium-inoculated shallot strains seemed to be adequately resistant against disease, and the levels of resistance may be related to the saponin content in the bulb tissues.     

Adapting the innovation systems approach to agricultural development in Vietnam: challenges to the public extension service

Competing models of innovation informing agricultural extension, such as transfer of technology, participatory extension and technology development, and innovation systems have been proposed over the last decades. These approaches are often presented as antagonistic or even mutually exclusive. This article shows how practitioners in a rural innovation system draw on different aspects of all three models, while creating a distinct local practice and discourse. We revisit and deepen the critique of Vietnam’s “model” approach to upland rural development, voiced a decade ago in this journal. Our analysis of interviews with grassroots extension workers and extension managers reveals how they have received government, donor, and academic discourses on participation, user-orientation, and private sector involvement in innovation. Extension workers as well as managers integrate the reform discourses into the still-dominant transfer of technology model. We show how extensionists draw selectively on these diverse discourses to foster interaction with outsiders and clients, and bolster their livelihood strategies. We conclude that the conceptual framework suggested by the innovation systems (IS) approach is broadly appropriate for analyzing the Vietnamese case, but that the IS approach in the contemporary Vietnamese context requires adaptation for taking into account the blurred line between private and state sectors, and recognizing the hegemonic position of state-based networks. Improving extensionists’ ability to mediate between the conflicting principles of farmers’ self-organization and government control is identified as a key challenge for increasing innovative capacity in rural upland Vietnam.     

Structural Characteristics and Anticancer Activity of Fucoidan from the Brown Alga Sargassum mcclurei

Three different fucoidan fractions were isolated and purified from the brown alga, Sargassum mcclurei. The SmF1 and SmF2 fucoidans are sulfated heteropolysaccharides that contain fucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and glucose. The SmF3 fucoidan is highly sulfated (35%) galactofucan, and the main chain of the polysaccharide contains a →3)-α-l-Fucp(2,4SO₃⁻)-(1→3)-α-l-Fucp(2,4SO₃⁻)-(1→ motif with 1,4-linked 3-sulfated α-l-Fucp inserts and 6-linked galactose on reducing end. Possible branching points include the 1,2,6- or 1,3,6-linked galactose and/or 1,3,4-linked fucose residues that could be glycosylated with terminal β-d-Galp residues or chains of alternating sulfated 1,3-linked α-l-Fucp and 1,4-linked β-d-Galp residues, which have been identified in galactofucans for the first time. Both α-l-Fucp and β-d-Galp residues are sulfated at C-2 and/or C-4 (and some C-6 of β-d-Galp) and potentially the C-3 of terminal β-d-Galp, 1,4-linked β-d-Galp and 1,4-linked α-l-Fucp residues. All fucoidans fractions were less cytotoxic and displayed colony formation inhibition in colon cancer DLD-1 cells. Therefore, these fucoidan fractions are potential antitumor agents.     

Structure of Fucoidan from Brown Seaweed Turbinaria ornata as Studied by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESIMS) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) Techniques

The purpose of this study is to elucidate both the chemical and conformational structure of an unfractionated fucoidan extracted from brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata collected at Nha-trang bay, Vietnam. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used for determining the chemical structure and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) provided conformational of the structure at the molecular level. The results showed that the fucoidan has a sulfate content of 25.6% and is mainly composed of fucose and galactose residues (Fuc:Gal ≈ 3:1). ESIMS analysis suggested that the fucoidan has a backbone of 3-linked α-l-Fucp residues with branches, →4)-Galp(1→ at C-4 of the fucan chain. Sulfate groups are attached mostly at C-2 and sometimes at C-4 of both fucose and galactose residues. A molecular model of the fucoidan was built based on obtained chemical structure and scattering curves estimated from molecular model and observed SAXS measurement were fitted. The results indicated that fucoidan under study has a rod-like bulky chain conformation.     

Weed flora of water rice in the Red River Delta,Vietnam

The occurrence of weeds in water rice was surveyed in the Red River Delta, Vietnam during spring and summer rice-growing seasons in 1995 and 1996. Sixty different weeds from 19 plant families were recorded. The most important plant families as weeds of rice were Poaceae and Cyperaceae. The most important weed however was Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne (Lythraceae) followed by Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. and Cyperus difformis L. A brief comparison of this rice weed flora and those of Australia and California was made.