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131.
As metropolitan areas expand, the municipal and industrial uses of freshwater increase. Therefore, water resources for irrigation become limited and wastewater reuse for irrigation becomes a good alternative. For this purpose, the effects of suspended solids in wastewater on the soil physical properties, i.e., saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, have to be considered. The objectives of this research were to study the effects of applying freshwater and differently treated wastewater on Ks in the surface and subsurface layers of sandy‐loam, loam, and clay‐loam soils. This effect was studied by investigating the ratio of Ks for wastewater to Ks for fresh water in soil surface as Kr1 and in soil subsurface as Kr2. The results showed that the application of freshwater did not reduce the Kr1 considerably. However, the reduction in Kr1 mainly occurred in soil depth of 0–50 mm due to the application of wastewater. This effect is more pronounced in clay‐loam soil than in loam and sandy‐loam soils. It is concluded that application of wastewater with TSS (total suspended solid) of ≥ 40 mg L–1 resulted in Kr1 reduction of >50% in different soil textures. However, the Kr2 reduction at soil depth of 100–300 mm is not considerable by application of wastewater for different soil textures. Further, it is concluded that less purified wastewater can be used in light‐texture soils resulting in less reduction in Kr1. Empirical models were developed for predicting the value of Kr1 as a function of amounts of wastewater application and TSS for different soil textures that can be used in management of wastewater application for preventing deterioration of soil hydraulic conductivity. 相似文献
132.
Hosein Hashemi Hamid Mohammadi Jafar Abdollahzadeh 《European Journal of Forest Research》2017,136(5-6):857-879
Elm (Ulmus, Ulmaceae) is one of the most popular and important trees in urban and landscape areas in Iran. A severe decline of elm trees has recently been observed in some areas of Kerman and Shiraz cities. However, the identity of the causal agents has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study, carried out in the years 2012–2014, was to isolate and identify fungal trunk pathogens associated with decline symptoms observed in elm trees. Samples were collected from trunks and branches of trees showing various disease symptoms and internal wood lesions. Fungal isolations were made from discolored or decayed wood tissue. In Kerman some elm trees were attacked by the beetle Aeolesthes sarta; therefore, samples were also collected from larvae and adults of beetles associated with trees showing wood damage. Fungal isolates were identified by morphological, cultural and molecular characteristics. Thirteen fungal species, Phaeoacremonium (P.) minimum, P. parasiticum, P. sicilianum, P. alvesii, P. fraxinopennsylvanicum, Spencermartinsia viticola, Dothiorella (Do.) sarmentorum, Neoscytalidium hyalinum, Diatrype (Di.) whitmanensis, Cosmospora viridescens, Phoma (Pho.) herbarum, Phellinus (Phe.) tuberculosus and Inonotus levis were identified. Phaeoacremonium parasiticum was the only species isolated from both larvae and adult beetles. Pathogenicity trials were performed on detached shoots of elm under greenhouse conditions. Dothiorella sarmentorum was the most virulent species based on the length of wood necrosis. This study is the first report of P. sicilianum, C. viridescens and Phe. tuberculosus in Iran. In addition, most of the isolated species are reported for the first time on elm trees in the world. 相似文献
133.
Salar Khaledian Maryam Nikkhah Masoud Shams-bakhsh Saeed Hoseinzadeh 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(4):231-239
Ralstonia solanacearum, the devastating causal agent of potato bacterial wilt, is a soil-borne bacterium that can survive in the soil for a long time. The development of sensitive on-field detection methods for this pathogen is highly desirable due to its widespread host range and distribution. A novel nanobiosensor was thus developed to detect unamplified genomic DNA of R. solanacearum in farm soil. Gold nanoparticles functionalized with single-stranded oligonucleotides served as a probe to detect R. solanacearum genomic DNA. The advantages of this strategy include rapidity, facile usage and being a visual colorimetric method. 相似文献
134.
Mehdi Zarei Masoud Ghorbanpour Samaneh Tajbakhsh Nader Mosavari 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(6):1195-1200
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease, a chronic enteritis in cattle and other domestic and wild ruminants. The presence of MAP in tissues other than intestines and associated lymph nodes, such as meat and liver, is a potential public health concern. In the present study, the relationship between the results of rapid diagnostic tests of the Johne’s disease, such as serum ELISA, rectal scraping PCR, and acid-fast staining, and the presence of MAP in liver was evaluated. Blood, liver, and rectal scraping samples were collected from 200 slaughtered cattle with unknown Johne’s disease status. ELISA was performed to determine the MAP antibody activity in the serum. Acid-fast staining was performed on rectal scraping samples, and PCR was performed on rectal scraping and liver samples. PCR-positive liver samples were used for mycobacterial culture. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that MAP can be detected and cultured from liver of slaughtered cattle and rapid diagnostic tests of Johne’s disease have limited value in detecting cattle with MAP infection in liver. These findings show that the presence of MAP in liver tissue may occur in cows with negative results for rapid diagnostic tests and vice versa. Hence, liver might represent another possible risk of human exposure to MAP. Given concerns about a potential zoonotic role for MAP, these results show the necessity to find new methods for detecting cattle with MAP disseminated infection. 相似文献
135.
Alexandra Trbolova Juliet R. Gionfriddo Masoud Selk Ghaffari 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2012,15(6):383-385
Purpose To determine the normal reference range for Schirmer tear test (STT) values in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama) Animals Nine captive llamas (Lama glama) (seven females and two males) were used in this study. Procedure Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed without chemical restraint. STT I values were evaluated in both eyes of all llamas using a commercial STT strip of a single lot number (Schirmer‐Tränentest®, Germany). STT II value was also measured in both eyes of seven female llamas. Results No statistically significant differences among ages or between right and left eyes were found for any of the results. The mean ± SD STT I of 18 eyes of nine llamas was 17.3 ± 1.1 mm/min (Range 15–19 mm/min). The mean ± SD STT II of 14 eyes of seven llamas was 15.4 ± 1.7 mm/min (Range 12.5–17.5 mm/min). A paired samples t‐test demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the STT I and II values (P = 0.001). Conclusion This study provides novel data for normal reference ranges of STT I and II values in healthy llamas. Results of this study may assist veterinarians in the diagnosis of ocular surface disease and syndromes affecting the tear film in these species. 相似文献
136.
Ali Barzegar Haleh Hashemi Sohi Heshmatollah Rahimian 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(1):46-51
The biological and molecular properties of four Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates isolated from infected Satsuma trees imported from Japan, and growing in citrus groves in northern Iran (Mahdasht
orchards, Mazandaran Province), were investigated. CTV-infected samples were collected from sweet orange trees and grafted
onto Alemow (Citrus macrophylla Wester) seedlings. On indicator plants, these isolates produced various symptoms including vein clearing and stem pitting
on Mexican lime, Alemow, and Citrus hystrix, and yellowing and stunting on sour orange and grapefruit seedlings. Citrus samples were also surveyed for CTV using serological
tests. The coat protein (CP) gene of these isolates was amplified using specific primers, yielding an amplicon of 672 bp for
all isolates. Sequence analysis showed 98%–99% sequence homology of Iranian isolates with the Californian CTV severe stem-pitting
isolate SY568 and 97%–98% homology with the Japanese seedling yellows isolate NUagA. The Iranian isolates were compared by
restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the CP amplicon for further classification. 相似文献
137.
Karimi Vahid Mohammadi Peyman Ghalyanchilangeroudi Arash Ghafouri Seyed Ali Hashemzadeh Masoud Farahani Reza Khaltabadi Maghsouldoo Hussein Isakakroudi Nima 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(3):629-635
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly infectious pathogen, which affects the respiratory tract, reproductive system, and kidney of chickens. Many... 相似文献
138.
139.
Objective To evaluate the effect of acepromazine or xylazine on Schirmer tear test 1 results in clinically normal cats.
Animals Sixteen healthy cross-breed cats.
Procedure The animals were randomly divided into two groups of eight cats each. The first group was sedated with acepromazine alone (0.2 mg/kg) and the second group received only xylazine (2 mg/kg). All cats had Schirmer tear test (STT) readings taken prior to sedation and at 15 and 25 min postsedation.
Results Sedation with acepromazine or xylazine in cats with normal pre-sedation STT 1 values caused a statistically significant decrease in mean values of tear production in both groups. In acepromazine group the mean ± SEM STT at T15 and T25 were 4.31 ± 0.98 ( P < 0.001) and 5.18 ± 1.07 ( P = 0.002). The post-treatment mean ± SEM values in xylazine group were 2.18 ± 0.97 ( P < 0.001) and 2.62 ± 1.17 ( P = 0.001) at 15 and 25 min respectively. Comparison between T15 and T25 in acepromazine group ( P = 0.49) and xylazine group ( P = 0.56) revealed no significant differences.
Conclusion These observations indicate that both acepromazine or xylazine significantly reduced tear production in clinically normal cats. In cats, clinicians should measure STT values prior to utilizing acepromazine or xylazine as sedatives in order to accurately assess the results. Moreover, sterile ocular lubricant or tear replacement should be used as a corneal protectant during sedation with these drugs. 相似文献
Animals Sixteen healthy cross-breed cats.
Procedure The animals were randomly divided into two groups of eight cats each. The first group was sedated with acepromazine alone (0.2 mg/kg) and the second group received only xylazine (2 mg/kg). All cats had Schirmer tear test (STT) readings taken prior to sedation and at 15 and 25 min postsedation.
Results Sedation with acepromazine or xylazine in cats with normal pre-sedation STT 1 values caused a statistically significant decrease in mean values of tear production in both groups. In acepromazine group the mean ± SEM STT at T
Conclusion These observations indicate that both acepromazine or xylazine significantly reduced tear production in clinically normal cats. In cats, clinicians should measure STT values prior to utilizing acepromazine or xylazine as sedatives in order to accurately assess the results. Moreover, sterile ocular lubricant or tear replacement should be used as a corneal protectant during sedation with these drugs. 相似文献
140.
Leila Beigom Hejazian Banafshe Esmaeilzade Fatima Moghanni Ghoroghi Fatemeh Moradi Marzieh Beigom Hejazian Anahita Aslani Mehrdad Bakhtiari Masoud Soleimani Maliheh Nobakht 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2012,16(4):193-201