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71.
M. Parvez Rana Sharif Ahmed Mukul M. Shawkat Islam Sohel Mohammad Shaheed Hossain Chowdhury Sayma Akhter M. Qumruzzaman Chowdhury Masao Koike 《Small-Scale Forestry》2010,9(1):41-51
An exploratory survey was carried out to assess economics and employment generation of the trade of bamboo and bamboo-based
secondary products in the eastern Bangladesh, to obtain reliable information about their status, socio-economic significance,
production and marketing. The study was undertaken over 30 bamboo-based enterprises in a suburban market of eastern Bangladesh,
to investigate regional product details, economic profitability and employment opportunities. The sample entrepreneurs, corresponding
to about 25% of the bamboo enterprise population were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. About 202 full and
part-time workers were employed in the factories, under categories of artisan (who manufactured secondary products). The average number of worker’s in the large, medium and small factories were 9 (artisan
40%), 6.45 (artisan 35%) and 5 (artisan 25%) respectively. The study revealed that there was always a satisfied demand of
skilled artisans. Most of the workers were relatively newly employed (not more than 5 years). The daily wage rate varied between
70 and 130 Tk. ($US 1 equals approximately 70 Bangladeshi Taka (Tk.), as at December 2008). Bambusa balcooa was the most utilized species (39.96%) in terms of monetary value. The price of a single B. balcooa culm in the local market was Tk. 160–210. Nine sizes of articles under seven bamboo categories were identified, these being
bera (36″ × 120″ and 72″ × 96″), bookshelf (36″ × 24″), chaluni (12″ × 12″), chatai (48″ × 60″ and 36″ × 48″), jhuri, rickshaw hood and tukri. Net average profit per article was the highest for rickshaw hoods (Tk. 400 at the retailer stage). The total expected annual
income for an enterprises from all articles types sold was estimated to be Tk. 85,800. Three distinct marketing channels were
identified for selling bamboo and value-added secondary products. The study also generated policy implications for effective
management of bamboo-based enterprises. 相似文献
72.
Nuclear Replacement of In Vitro‐Matured Porcine Oocytes by a Serial Centrifugation and Fusion Method
N Maedomari K Kikuchi T Nagai M Fahrudin H Kaneko J Noguchi M Nakai M Ozawa T Somfai LV Nguyen J Ito N Kashiwazaki 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(4):659-665
The objective of the present study was to establish a method for nuclear replacement in metaphase‐II (M‐II) stage porcine oocytes. Karyoplasts containing M‐II chromosomes (K) and cytoplasts without chromosomes (C) were produced from in vitro‐matured oocytes by a serial centrifugation method. The oocytes were then reconstructed by fusion of one karyoplast with 1, 2, 3 or 4 cytoplasts (K + 1C, K + 2C, K + 3C and K + 4C, respectively). Reconstructed oocytes, karyoplasts without fusion of any cytoplast (K) and zona‐free M‐II oocytes (control) were used for experiments. The rates of female pronucleus formation after parthenogenetic activation in all groups of reconstructed oocytes (58.2–77.4%) were not different from those of the K and control groups (58.2% and 66.0%, respectively). In vitro fertilization was carried out to assay the fertilization ability and subsequent embryonic development of the reconstructed oocytes. The cytoplast : karyoplast ratio did not affect the fertilization status (penetration and male pronuclear formation rates) of the oocytes. A significantly high monospermy rate was found in K oocytes (p < 0.05, 61.6%) compared with the other groups (18.2–32.8%). Blastocyst formation rates increased significantly as the number of the cytoplasts fused with karyoplasts increased (p < 0.05, 0.0–15.3%). The blastocyst rate in the K + 4C group (15.3%) was comparable with that of the control (17.8%). Total cell numbers in both the K + 3C and K + 4C groups (16.0 and 15.3 cells, respectively) were comparable with that of the control (26.2 cells). Our results demonstrate that a serial centrifugation and fusion (Centri‐Fusion) is an effective method for producing M‐II chromosome transferred oocytes with normal fertilization ability and in vitro development. It is suggested that the number of cytoplasts fused with a karyoplast plays a critical role in embryonic development. 相似文献
73.
Traditional systems of medicine have become a topic of global importance recently. Increased commercialization of economically
important medicinal plants has resulted in overharvesting, threatening their survival. The present study was carried out to
document the indigenous uses of medicinal plants by the local communities in and around Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh.
Data collection was predominantly qualitative recording the species use, identifying their relative importance (RI) and assessing
the informants’ consensus factor (Fic) on associated knowledge. We interviewed 140 households of the local community and 5 local herbal practitioners. A total
of 44 plant species were in use to treat 33 ailments under 10 broad disease categories. Five species were found to have high
use versatility (RI > 1), Emblica officinale L. being the most versatile. Respiratory problems scored the highest Fic value (0.56) involving the use of 30% of the species recorded. Terminalia bellerica Roxb., Sterculia villosa Roxb., Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. and Terminalia arjuna Bedd. were being harvested commercially. Use by the community, particularly for subsistence consumption, seemed to be sustainable,
but commercial extraction of some species appeared unsustainable. Buffer zone-based commercial farming of medicinal plants
with a commercial value could serve a dual purpose of assuring sustainable alternative income generation for local communities
as well as conserving the natural resources in protected areas. 相似文献
74.
Because lack of data impedes the assessment of the conservation of medicinal plants, ethno-medicinal studies are important
to fill this gap. This study considered the traditional use of plants for health care by the rural communities in two forested
and non-forested regions of Bangladesh. A total of 230 respondents were interviewed accompanied by field observation and voucher
specimen collection. Altogether, 68 species of medicinal plants belonging to 38 families distributing over 58 genera were
recorded, of which 22 species were common in both regions. Trees were the most commonly utilized growth form and leaves were
the most commonly used plant part. Forests and homesteads were the major sources of medicinal plants in forested and non-forested
regions, respectively. High use versatility (Relative Importance >1) was represented by 14 species; Emblica officinale L. and Allium sativum L. were the most versatile species. Forty-one individual ailments were treated with the medicinal plants recorded. The ailment
categories ‘respiratory problems’ and ‘sexual problems’ received the highest score from the calculation of informants’ consensus
factor (F
ic) in forested and non-forested regions, respectively. The findings could contribute in the pharmaceutical sector by directing
further investigation of bio-active compounds in medicinal plants. Secondly, results could inform the clues for conservation
strategies of forest resources in that region. 相似文献
75.
Shiro Fukuta Reiko Takahashi Satoru Kuroyanagi Noriyuki Miyake Hirofumi Nagai Hirofumi Suzuki Fujio Hashizume Tomoko Tsuji Hiromi Taguchi Hideki Watanabe Koji Kageyama 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(4):689-701
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction with a primer set designed from the rDNA ITS sequence of P. aphanidermatum was developed. Results of a specificity test using 57 strains of Pythium spp. indicated that the LAMP assay gave no cross reactions in other 39 Pythium species, 11 strains of Phytophthora spp. and eight other soil borne pathogens. The detection limit was 10 fg of genomic DNA, which was ten times the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction. The LAMP assay was applied to hydroponic solution samples from tomato fields, and the results were compared to those of the conventional plating method. LAMP was observed to be effective for the specific detection of P. aphanidermatum. Furthermore, P. aphanidermatum was detected directly in tomato roots infected with P. aphanidermatum without DNA extraction. The LAMP method established in this study is a simple, sensitive and rapid tool for the detection of P. aphanidermatum. 相似文献
76.
利用反向PCR、定量PCR以及免疫共沉淀等方法分析研究转基因家蚕的丝素蛋白及基因的结构和性质。结果表明:(1)在DNA水平上,MaSp1基因整合进了家蚕的基因组,插入位点位于scaffold 868;(2)在RNA水平上,MaSp1的表达并不干扰其他3个基因(Fib-H,Fib-L and P25)的表达水平,并且外源基因MaSp1的表达水平略高于Fib-H;(3)在蛋白质水平上,MaSp1蛋白的丰度大约占丝素总蛋白的2%,而且通过自身的LBS区段和轻链蛋白(Fib-L)形成分子间二硫键,从而融入蚕丝蛋白复合体。 相似文献
77.
Suzuki J Sasaoka F Fujihara M Watanabe Y Tasaki T Oda S Kobayashi S Sato R Nagai K Harasawa R 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(8):1113-1115
We examined the presence of hemoplasmas, hemotropic mycoplasmas, among 11 sheep (Ovis aries) with regenerative and hemolytic anemia and found six of them were positive by real-time PCR. The positive samples were then subjected to conventional PCR for direct sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Nucleotide sequences of all the positive samples were identified as the 16S rRNA gene of `Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis' by phylogenetic analysis, demonstrating the infections with this particular hemoplasma species in Japan. 相似文献
78.
Kemmochi S Fujimoto H Woo GH Hirose M Nishikawa A Mitsumori K Shibutani M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(5):655-664
We have shown phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling activation in thyroid capsular invasive carcinomas (CICs), which are highly induced by promotion with sulfadimethoxine (SDM) in a rat 2-stage thyroid carcinogenesis model. To examine the potency of calcitriol, a synthetic vitamin D3 analog, on the development or progression of CICs, male F344 rats were injected with calcitriol (0.1 μg/kg body weight) three times a week intraperitoneally, during an entire period of SDM-promotion for 13 weeks (Experiment 1) or during the last 2 weeks of a 15-week SDM-promotion (Experiment 2). Initiation with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine preceded all treatments. In Experiment 1, long-term calcitriol treatment reduced the multiplicity of CICs, while cell proliferation activity, estimated by Ki-67 cell index in the induced CICs, was unchanged with SDM-promotion alone. Considering the strong dependency of promotion with SDM during the early stages on thyroid-stimulating hormone, the reduced multiplicity in Experiment 1 may be due to the effect on an early stage of neoplastic proliferation. Although the magnitude was mild, cell proliferation activity was decreased in existing CICs after short-term calcitriol treatment in Experiment 2, which was associated with a mild decrease in cyclin-dependent kinase-2-positive cells, cytoplasmic immunolocalization of phosphorylated, inactive, Rb protein and a mild increase in nucleocytoplasmic expression of p27(kip1). Although the effect was mild at the late stage of SDM-promotion in this hypothyroidism-related thyroid carcinogenesis model, our results suggest that calcitriol targets cell proliferation via inhibition of a molecular cascade downstream of PI3K/Akt signaling, controlling G1/S transition. 相似文献
79.
Hibiya K Furugen M Higa F Tateyama M Fujita J 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2011,34(6):455-464
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is an opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients and pigs, and causes dissemination through primary intestinal lesions. However, its pathogenesis is not well understood. In this article, we hypothesize that pigs can provide a suitable experimental model of disseminated MAC disease. We compared the initial route of infection, the characteristics of the pathogenic strains, the immunological status of the hosts, and the histological characteristics. The route of infection and infective strains are similar in AIDS patients and pigs. Pigs can respond to infection by the formation of systemic epithelioid granuloma with sufficient cell-mediated immunity. However, there are differences in immunological status and histological features between AIDS patients and pigs. Therefore, pigs might be used as an appropriate animal model because of their good cell mediated immunity triggered by systemic mycobacterial infection. In conclusion, MAC infections in AIDS patients and pigs show similarities in terms of the initial route of infection and the genetic characteristics of the pathogenic strains. 相似文献
80.
Fujiwara Y Hayashida A Tsurushima K Nagai R Yoshitomi M Daiguji N Sakashita N Takeya M Tsukamoto S Ikeda T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4544-4552
Because foam cell formation in macrophages is believed to play an essential role in the progression of early atherosclerotic lesions in vivo, prevention of foam cell formation is considered to be one of the major targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The present study examined the inhibitory effect of 50 crude plant extracts on foam cell formation. Among those crude extracts, Zizyphi Fructus (ZF) and Zizyphi Semen (ZS) extracts significantly inhibited the foam cell formation induced by acetylated LDL. Furthermore, triterpenoids such as oleanonic acid, pomolic acid, and pomonic acid were the major active compounds, and triterpenoids containing a carboxylic acid at C-28 play an important role in the inhibitory effect on foam cell formation in human macrophages. These data suggest that triterpenoids in Zizyphus jujuba , the plant source of ZF and ZS, may therefore be useful for the prevention of atherosclerosis. 相似文献