乙唑螨腈对豇豆二斑叶螨的防治效果评价

对新疆博州地区豇豆二斑叶螨田间消长规律进行调查,并研究乙唑螨腈对二斑叶螨的防治效果。结果表明:7月中旬博州二斑叶螨在豇豆上开始发生为害,高峰时期一直持续到9月10日。7月中旬施用1次30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂4 000倍液+有机硅助剂防治豇豆二斑叶螨,速效性好、持效期长,且对豇豆安全。     

美丽乡村建设生态工程的关键技术探讨

我国美丽乡村生态建设起步较晚,但发展快,势头猛。全国各地展开美丽乡村建设多年,各省市地区已建成一批美丽乡村建设、生态旅游产业好典型范例。虽然取得了一定的成就,但在美丽乡村建设过程中,依然存在不少问题。该研究从前期规划设计、水土保持及水源保护、田园土壤肥力管控和美丽乡村产业发展4个方面介绍了美丽乡村建设生态工程技术实践途径,以期为我国美丽乡村建设生态工程提供可借鉴技术依据。     

Comparative pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in healthy and Pasteurella multocida‐infected Gaoyou ducks

Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of fowl cholera, and florfenicol (FF) has potent antibacterial activity against P. multocida and is widely used in the poultry industry. In this study, we established a P. multocida infection model in ducks and studied the pharmacokinetics of FF in serum and lung tissues after oral administration of 30 mg/kg bodyweight. The maximum concentrations reached (C_max) were lower in infected ducks (13.88 ± 2.70 μg/ml) vs. healthy control animals (17.86 ± 1.57 μg/ml). In contrast, the mean residence time (MRT: 2.35 ± 0.13 vs. 2.27 ± 0.18 hr) and elimination half‐life (T_½β: 1.63 ± 0.08 vs. 1.57 ± 0.12 hr) were similar for healthy and diseased animals, respectively. As a result, the area under the concentration curve for 0–12 hr (AUC_0–12 hr) for FF in healthy ducks was significantly greater than that in infected ducks (49.47 ± 5.31 vs. 34.52 ± 8.29 μg hr/ml). The pharmacokinetic differences of FF in lung tissues between the two groups correlated with the serum pharmacokinetic differences. The C_max and AUC_0–12 hr values of lung tissue in healthy ducks were higher than those in diseased ducks. The concentration of FF in lung tissues was approximately 1.2‐fold higher than that in serum both in infected and healthy ducks indicating that FF is effective in treating respiratory tract infections in ducks.     

降低苹果梨组培过程中外植体褐化的研究

为克服苹果梨组织培养过程中外植体的褐变现象,提高试验材料的成活率,试验以苹果梨1 a生营养枝嫩梢为试材,通过不同培养基配方、不同药剂处理及水培处理,探讨降低苹果梨外植体褐变的影响因素.结果表明:1/3 MS培养基中的外植体成活率较高;液体培养基较固体培养基对降低外植体的褐变的效果好;水培处理可有效降低外植体的褐变率;生长季节取材,随外植体木质化程度的加深,随水培期的延长,外植体的褐变率呈现先降低后上升的趋势,水培4 d 处理的外植体成活率最高;最佳取材时期为盛花后期,将材料水培6 d,在1/3 MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L IBA 0.2 mg/L Vc 75 mg/L中获得83.3%的外植体成活率.     

白兰瓜疫病侵染循环、流行因素及防治研究

德雷疫霉(Phytophthora drechslcri)游动孢子接于白兰瓜(honey dew)叶片上,12小时侵入率达19.3%,96小时孢子囊形成数254.3个/cm~2;德雷疫霉 A_1型与辣椒疫霉(Phytoph-thora capsici)A_2型配对,接于白兰瓜叶上形成大量卵孢子。连续降雨和高温,或高温天气给瓜田灌水是疫病流行的决定因素。70%代森锰锌在低浓度时对德雷疫霉、辣椒疫霉菌丝生长、孢子囊和卵孢子形成均有明显的抑制作用。高畦栽培对烂秧防效达89.2%—92.0%,对烂瓜防效达100%。     

“牧草与草坪草育种学”课程建设与实践

"牧草与草坪草育种学"为草业科学专业的核心课。为了适应草业科学的发展要求,培养具有实践能力和创新精神的草业专业技术人才,宁夏大学草业科学专业对"牧草与草坪草育种学"课程在理论教学、实践教学以及课程考核体系方面进行了改革。教学实践证明,课程改革突出了学生在学习中的主体地位,增强了学生的实践能力,提高了学生学习的主动性和教学质量,促使牧草与草坪草育种学课程建设向高水平方向迈进。     

乡村振兴背景下农业现代化愿景与实现途径

随着我国农业现代化建设的不断深入,农业现代化的基本内涵越发丰富、目标指向越发鲜明、建设思路越发明晰。在乡村振兴背景下,推动农业现代化建设,有助于改善农业生产结构,优化农业生产经营模式,实现农民收入稳定增长,促成绿色生态农业建设,早日实现全面现代化及共同富裕的目标。本文基于乡村振兴背景,在阐述农业现代化基本内涵的基础上,分析我国农业现代化的愿景与实现路径,以期对我国农业现代化建设有所帮助。     

Development of multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays for detecting enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and their application to field isolates from piglets with diarrhea.

Fimbriae and enterotoxins are major virulence factors associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). In this study, 3 sets of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assays targeting fimbriae, enterotoxins, and other adherence factors were developed for detecting ETEC. A total number of 188 E. coli field isolates were examined, and percentages of E. coli strains carrying each virulence factors were as follows: F4 (7.45%), F5 (29.79%), F6 (6.38%), F18 (15.43%), F41 (3.72%), STa (10.11%), STb (20.74%), LT (9.57%), Stx2e (2.13%), EAST1 (42.02%), F1 (67.55%), AIDA-I (2.66%), and pAA (7.45%). Of the 188 E. coli field isolates examined, 25.53% were found to be pathogenic ETEC, having both fimbriae and enterotoxins. However, the ratio increased to 44.68% when the presence of other adhesins was considered as criteria for virulence. Among the adherence factors, F1 was found to be the most prevalent. AIDA-I and pAA were also found with similar ratio as compared with other virulence factors. In addition, virulence patterns carrying these alternate adhesive genes with enterotoxins were detected with significant ratio. Therefore, it is desirable that alternate adhesins be considered as markers for diagnosis of ETEC.     

几种抗球虫药物对獭兔球虫感染和幼兔生长性能的影响

在福建省福安市某獭兔场共检测出16种艾美耳球虫,均为混合感染。选取210只断乳1周、球虫卵囊阳性的獭兔幼兔,随机分为7组,进行抗球虫药物试验。在抗球虫药物试验组中,2.5%妥曲珠利组的獭兔幼兔按有效剂量30 mg/kg体重、5%肠球双效(盐酸氨丙啉+胺喹噁啉钠)组和5%优球乐(癸氧喹酯)组按有效剂量50 mg/kg体重灌服,分为1次用药组和2次用药组;对照组灌服等量生理盐水。结果显示,妥曲珠利组獭兔幼兔用药后第1周,粪便中的球虫卵囊数(OPG值)比用药前减少78.39%,也显著低于其他药物组和对照组(P<0.01);用药后第2周,球虫OPG值比用药前减少88.35%,感染率也降至最低;用药后第8周,粪便中球虫OPG值比用药前减少92.99%。至用药后第8周,各试验组与对照组獭兔幼兔球虫OPG值均转归为相对较低水平,感染率则仍保持较高水平;妥曲珠利组獭兔幼兔死亡率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其他组间死亡率差异不显著;其平均增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),料重比则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)、极显著低于5%肠球双效1次用药组(P<0.01)。     

新麦草幼胚愈伤组织诱导

以山丹新麦草和新麦草新品系的幼胚为外植体,MS为基本培养基,研究不同胚龄、不同激素配比及低温预处理对愈伤组织诱导的影响.结果表明,两种材料最佳胚龄均为14d左右,幼胚大小约为1mm;激素最适配比均为2,4-D 2 mg/L 6-BA 0.2 mg/L;低温预处理最佳时间为1d.