秩次分析法在评价绿豆区试产量中的应用

运用金文林教授提出的秩次分析法对国家绿豆区域试验数据进行分析,首先对各试验环境进行常规方差分析,并定义三个统计数:平均分级值H1、产量秩次值H2、环境区分指数YM,并在多重比较的基础上对各参试品种进行了客观的评价,提出了自已的建议.     

Dynamic modeling and control of a padder roller system

This is the first time in the literature dealing with the dynamic modeling and control of a rotating padder roller system. It is intended to design a control system with effective scheme and robustness to stabilize all vibration modes of a rotating padder roller system by using one set of sensor and actuator. The controller design depends on the specific pole-zero patterns. In practice, the pole-zero patterns remain the same, no matter how the physical system parameters are different. By properly placing the actuator and sensor, a realizable controller and sensor is designed to stabilize all the vibration modes and make the closed loop system absolutely stable. This will suppress the vibration without suffering from spillover and can eliminate an infinite number of vibration modes. The performance of this controller has been successfully implemented by computer simulation.     

Intelligence control of on-line dynamic gray cloth inspecting machine system module design. II. Defects inspecting module design

This study aimed to establish a set of gray cloth defect inspection module using image processing technique, so as to develop a full intelligent online dynamic gray cloth defect automatic inspection system. Gray cloth defects to be recognized in this study included holes, stains, warp missing, spider web and weft missing. First use wavelet transform and co-occurrence matrix to find features of gray cloth defect image, next, use back-propagation neural network (BPNN) to make gray cloth defect classification and data output. BPNN was capable of solving nonlinear problems, thus assisted in enhancing defect recognition effect. As every defect to be inspected in this study varied in size and shape, so advantage of BPNN could be used as aid more than else. This study primarily utilized image processing technique to inspect gray cloth defects, not only in a faster speed than common visual inspection, but also eliminating arbitrary factors of inspectors in body and psychology during inspection, resulting in absolute objectivity. Finally, tension control module built in Part 1 and gray cloth defect inspection module built in this study were integrated, and a full intelligent online dynamic gray cloth defect automatic inspection system established. As validated by experiment result, the system established in this study could successfully recognize gray cloth defects, with total recognition rate amounting to 92.5 %.     

Dynamic modeling and control of pressure dyeing machine’s running roller system

Key factor determining production quality is the deformation control between running rollers of pressure dyeing machine during the operation. Currently the industrial communities try to alleviate the defects by taking experiments. This study aims to approve theoretical practicality of providing controller and its parameters suitable to abolish vibration displacement in operating pressure dyeing machine in order to improve pressure dyeing quality and lengthen machine’s life. Firstly, the dynamic equation of the pressure dyeing machine’s running roller is derived and its corresponding open-loop transfer function is obtained from modal summation method. Then, the root locus method is used to design a controller which is realizable in the industrial communities. Simulation indicates that the designed controller not only can eliminate vibration response generated during pressure dyeing process and reducing greatly the previous process defects by making the two running rollers smoothly contact with each other. The solution is a high efficient way to ameliorate pressure dyeing process with low cost and easy access.     

Carriage speed control of a cross-lapper system for nonwoven web quality

In a cross-lapper system, the carriage unit is used to make uniform web in appropriate width and thickness. Traditionally, this is a stable, sluggish system with large attenuation of the input in the steady state. In this paper, the modeling, stability, order reduction, dynamic analysis and controller design of a cross-lapper system for good nonwoven web quality will be presented to deal with this issue. A realizable controller is designed which can not only make the closed-loop system efficient for good tracking property but also can achieve the meaningful design objectives. The performance can be effectively shown from the computer simulation.     

Allocating the costs of multi-purpose water resource development: a case study of Chi-Chi Weir in Taiwan

Most multi-purpose water resources have been planned and constructed by governments in Taiwan to meet the water demands of different users. However, economic and solvency differences among parties using water create conflicts regarding the reasonable and equitable allocation of investment and operational costs. The Chi-Chi Weir in Nantou County, which was completed in 2002, meets the high water demand of residents and the needs of industrial growth in central Taiwan. Thus, multi-purpose water reservoirs are designed to serve agriculture, the public and industry. Three analytical methods, the quantity-based method, marginal cost method, and separable cost remaining benefit method (SCRB), are employed to compare the cost allocation for different parties using water. The quantity-based method indicates that proportional costs allocated to agriculture, the public, industry and new irrigated areas are 88.02, 3.63, 7.86, and 0.49%, respectively. Via the marginal cost method, the proportional costs allocated to agriculture, the public, hydropower, industry and new irrigated areas are 68.44, 2.51, 28.71, and 0.34%, respectively. The marginal cost price of water is NT$ 2.97 ton⁻¹; industrial use has the highest price. Based on the SCRB method, the proportional costs allocated to agriculture, the public, hydropower, and new irrigated areas are 18.2, 22.2, 51.8, 4.8, and 2.9%, respectively.     

Long-term winter cover cropping effects on corn (Zea mays L.) production and soil nitrogen availability

 This study was conducted to determine effects of long-term winter cover cropping with hairy vetch, cereal rye and annual ryegrass on soil N availability and corn productivity. From 1987 to 1995, with the exception of the first year of the study, the cover crops were seeded each year in late September or early October after the corn harvest and incorporated into the soil in late April or early May. Corn was seeded 10 days to 2 weeks after the cover crop residues had been incorporated, and N fertilizer was applied as a side-dressing at rates of 0, 67, 134, or 201 kg N ha^–1 each year. While the average annual total N input from the above-ground biomass of the cover crops was highest for hairy vetch (72.4 kg N ha^–1), the average annual total C input was highest for cereal rye (1043 kg C ha^–1) compared with the other cover crops. Hairy vetch was the only cover crop that significantly increased pre-side-dressed NO₃ ^–-N (N_i) corn biomass and N uptake at 0 N. At an N fertilizer rate of 134 kg N ha^–1 or higher, the cover crops had a minimal effect on corn biomass. This indicated that even after 9 years of winter cover cropping, the effect of the cover crops on corn growth resulted primarily from their influence on soil N availability. The amount of available N estimated from the cover crops (N_ac) was significantly correlated with relative corn biomass production (r ²=0.707, P<0.001). The total amount of available N, comprising N_ac and N added from fertilizer (N_f), was strongly correlated (r ²=0.820, P<0.001)) with relative corn biomass production. The correlation was also high for the available N comprising N_i and N_f (r ²=0.775, P<0.001). Although cereal rye and annual ryegrass did not improve corn biomass production in the short term, they benefited soil organic N accumulation and gradually improved corn biomass production compared with the control over the long term. Received: 10 August 1999     

Characteristics of Medical Waste in Taiwan

The purpose of this study was threefold: to investigate the types and amounts of medical waste from various hospitals in Taiwan; to analyze residues from incinerated medical waste for heavy metal content; and to measure the amount of infectious and general medical waste per bed per day and determine the ratio of infectious to general medical waste. Information was first obtained on the amounts of medical waste produced per bed per day and on waste handling and treatment. Next, residue samples were taken from incinerators and analyzed for heavy metal content. Third, daily records concerning waste content and weight from one hospital were kept over the period of one year. Chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were significantly higher in medical waste than in general waste. Medical waste fluctuated significantly over the one-year period. Records showed that wastes containing dialysis material and wood/cotton materials were found to have the highest weight and wastes containing human organs had the lowest weight. Results of the present study underscore the need for all hospitals to effectively separate waste for proper treatment and disposal, particularly waste that produces residues which may be hazardous to the environment. In addition, hospitals also need to recycle or reuse certain materials in order to reduce waste production.     

Oxytocin Secretion and Management of Parturition in the Pig

This paper will examine the augmentation of oxytocin (OT) secretion in the final day before parturition in the pig, and review the key endocrine systems of influence. Recent experiments have shown that increases in plasma OT above baseline secretion were not seen until 7 hours prior to the birth of the first piglet. Progesterone release begins to decline some days before birth and is unlikely to provide such acute control of OT release immediately before birth. The involvement of relaxin is complex but it is possible that the prepartum relaxin surge, which ends close to the OT rise, attenuates OT secretion to prevent excessive myometrial activity until cervical softening has occurred. Increasing myometrial electromyographic activity appears to be seen as relaxin concentrations decline and OT increase. Endogenous opioid peptides within the hypothalamus exert a profound influence upon OT secretion during birth, and some effects are also seen prepartum. It has been proposed that this system may allow parturition to be interrupted or slowed in response to changes in environment. The therapeutic choice of exogenous injections of OT to control the onset time of parturition will be discussed in the light of current physiological knowledge.     

Nitrogen mineralization and availability of mixed leguminous and non-leguminous cover crop residues in soil

Whereas non-leguminous cover crops such as cereal rye (Secale cereale) or annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorium) are capable of reducing nitrogen (N) leaching during wet seasons, leguminous cover crops such as hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) improve soil N fertility for succeeding crops. With mixtures of grasses and legumes as cover crop, the goal of reducing N leaching while increasing soil N availability for crop production could be attainable. This study examined net N mineralization of soil treated with hairy vetch residues mixed with either cereal rye or annual ryegrass and the effect of these mixtures on growth and N uptake by cereal rye. Both cereal rye and annual ryegrass contained low total N, but high water-soluble carbon and carbohydrate, compared with hairy vetch. Decreasing the proportion of hairy vetch in the mixed residues decreased net N mineralization, rye plant growth and N uptake, but increased the crossover time (the time when the amount of net N mineralized in the residue-amended soil equalled that of the non-amended control) required for net N mineralization to occur. When the hairy vetch content was decreased to 40% or lower, net N immobilization in the first week of incubation increased markedly. Residue N was significantly correlated with rye biomass (r=0.81, P<0.01) and N uptake (r=0.83, P<0.001), although the correlation was much higher between residue N and the potential initial N mineralization rate for rye biomass (r=0.93, P<0.001) and N uptake (r=0.99, P<0.001). Judging from the effects of the mixed residues on rye N Concentration and N uptake, the proportion of rye or annual ryegrass when mixed with residues of hairy vetch should not exceed 60% if the residues are to increase N availability. Further study is needed to examine the influence of various mixtures of hairy vetch and rye or annual ryegrass on N leaching in soil. Received: 10 March 1997