益生菌发酵乳无菌提取物对空肠弯曲杆菌flaA σ28启动子的抑制作用（英文）

为了研究益生菌发酵乳无菌提取物对食源性有害微生物(空肠弯曲杆菌)有毒基因表达的抑制作用,以利用空肠弯曲杆菌的有毒基因flaA σ28启动子和无启动子的质粒pRYluxCDABE联结构建的生物冷光转基因模型为试验材料,通过检测生物发光特性的方法,研究了空肠弯曲杆菌有毒基因flaA表达与益生菌(5种双岐杆菌,6种乳酸杆菌)发酵乳无菌提取物之间的关系。结果表明,益生菌发酵乳无菌提取物对空肠弯曲杆菌flaA σ28启动子的活性有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05),并可显著抑制空肠弯曲杆菌有害基因flaA的表达。     

Protective effect of ethyl pyruvate against LPS-induced acute lung injury in dogs with septic shock

AIM:To investigate the effect of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on acute lung injury in dogs with septic shock.METHODS:Twenty dogs with septic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were randomly divided into two groups:dog received placebo (Ringers solution; control group, n=8) or ethyl pyruvate in lactated Ringers solution (0.05 g/kg loading dose over 10 min, thereafter 0.05 g· kg-1·h-1 for 12 h; EP treatment group, n=12).The parameters of respiratory mechanics, including lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn), lung total compliance (Ctot), inspiratory airway resistance (Rawi), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), work of breathing (WOB), and arterial blood gases were monitored every 4 h after basic measurements (pre-LPS).The contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in serum were also detected by ELISA and compared between two groups.RESULTS:The changes of respiratory mechanics and arterial blood gases were in line with acute lung injury after septic shock induced by LPS.Oxygen index (OI), HCO-3and pH dropped 4 h after septic shock.On the contrary, PCO2 elevated significantly compared with that of septic shock before (P<0.05).Cdyn, Ctot decreased and Rawi, PIP, WOB increased significantly 8 h after septic shock (P<0.05).The changes in parameters of respiratory mechanics and arterial blood gases in control group were more distinguished than those in EP treatment group.There were significantly differences between two groups 8 h after septic shock (P<0.05).Although the significant improvement of respiratory mechanics was not observed, EP did prevent the parameters from worsening further more.Significantly differences between the two groups 12 h after septic shock (P<0.05) were found.Ethyl pyruvate also regulated the network of cytokines:increased the level of TNF-α, IL-6 and reduced the content of IL-10 in serum significantly compared with control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Ethyl pyruvate has protective effects on acute lung injury in dogs with septic shock.     

EHA汽车主动悬架控制技术研究

将目前航空航天领域先进的EHA(Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator)作动技术引入汽车主动悬架控制结构中。设计了模糊控制以及参数自调整模糊控制算法,并进行了基于EHA主动悬架的参数自调整模糊控制仿真分析,证明了该算法对悬架系统的振动控制具有较好的效果。在所研制开发的两自由度悬架系统试验台架上进行了试验研究,结果表明,与被动悬架系统相比,自调整模糊控制EHA主动悬架系统控制效果显著。     

高寒草甸植物根际溶磷菌的筛选鉴定及其溶磷与促生效果

为获得高寒草甸根际土中优良溶磷菌资源,本研究从青海省高寒草甸根际土中筛选了4株溶磷菌,结合16S rRNA基因分析法确定其分类地位,并通过钼锑抗比色法和盆栽试验进行了溶磷与促生效果的研究。结果显示：4株溶磷菌均为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),均可形成明显的溶磷圈。在无机磷液体培养基中培养7d后,4株菌株的磷增量在156.17~511.33μg·mL^-1之间;溶磷过程中4株菌均分泌多种有机酸,总有机酸量在522.36~986.69mg·L^-1之间;盆栽试验表明4株菌均能显著增加披碱草(Elymus dahuricus Turcz.)株高和地上部干重;菌株MXSC5,MXSC6和MQC13可使植株全氮、全磷含量增加,且4株菌株对土壤速效氮、速效磷含量也有正向影响。本研究结果将有助于进一步探究溶磷菌对植物的促生作用及微生物菌肥的开发利用。     

紫肉甘薯及其突变体花青素积累差异的比较转录组分析

紫肉甘薯因其块根中富含紫色花青素而得名.本研究以2组栽培种紫肉甘薯及其淡黄肉突变体为材料,基于甘薯转录组测序(RNA-seq)数据进行生物信息学分析.以|log2 FC|≥1且错误发现率(FDR)<0.01作为筛选标准,鉴定差异表达基因(DEGs),对DEGs进行GO功能分类和KEGG代谢通路分析,并采用实时荧光定量P...     

Partial organic substitution weakens the negative effect of chemical fertilizer on soil micro-food webs

Soil biotic communities play vital roles in enhancing soil nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Long-term excessive nitrogen (N) application is disadvantageous to the stability of soil food webs and affects arable soil health and sustainable utilization. Proper organic substitution is essential to improve soil health and alleviate the disadvantages of excessive chemical fertilization. However, the biological effects of various organic amendments on soil micro-food webs are poorly understood. In order to explore the effects of various organic amendments including stover, biochar and manure on soil micro-food webs (microbial and nematode communities), a field plot experiment with maize having five treatments viz., 100% urea (100% N), 70% urea (70% N), 70% urea plus stover (Stover), 70% urea plus cattle manure (Manure) and 70% urea plus biochar (Biochar) was conducted. Manure treatment increased the carbon (C) to N use efficiency of soil microbes, which contributed to the retention of soil C, while Biochar treatment elevated soil organic C (SOC) and soil pH. Additionally, Biochar treatment mitigated the negative effects of soil acidification on the soil micro-food web and reduced the abundance of plant parasites. Overall, the biological effect of organic amendments was distinguished from chemical fertilization (100% N and 70% N) through principal co-ordinates analysis. Negative relationships among soil properties, microbial and nematode biomass in the 100% N treatment were diminished in treatments where chemical fertilizer was reduced. The bottom-up effects on soil food webs were observed in organic substitution treatments. In conclusion, organic amendments improved soil fertility by regulating soil microbial and nematode communities in the cropland ecosystem, alleviated the negative effects of chemical fertilizer on the micro-food webs and controlled the trophic cascades among soil biota.     

Detection of Penaeus monodon-type baculovirus (MBV) infection in Penaeus monodon Fabricius by in situ hybridization

Abstract. A digoxigenin-labelled DNA probe was used for in situ detection of the Penaeus monodon -type baculovirus (MBV) derived from cloned MBV polyhedrin genome in cultured Penaeus monodon Fabricius. First, the specificity of the probe against MBV DNA with dot blot hybridization analysis was verified. This probe indicated that cloned MBV polyhedrin fragment can be used as an MBV-specific probe. This was then used to microscopically examine sections of MBV-infected tissues for a blue-purple precipitate indicative of a positive reaction for MBV. MBV-positive cells were located only in the epithelium of the hepatopancreatic tubules and of the midgut. Furthermore, comparison of the susceptibility to MBV infection among several life-stages of the shrimp showed that the MBV genome was found in the zoea, mysis, post-larva, and adult stages, whereas MBV DNA was not detected in either eggs or nauplii. The results were quantified from in situ hybridization with an image analyser to compare the degree of cell infection among groups of cultured P. monodon collected from various farms in Taiwan.     

Na+与Cl–浓度平衡供应促进小白菜干物质积累及营养品质提升

  【目的】  适宜的Na+与Cl–浓度均有利于植物的生长,但Na+和Cl–哪个起主导作用,以及二者之间的平衡关系对其有益作用的影响尚不清楚。因此,拟通过本研究为低浓度氯化钠在生产中的应用提供理论依据。  【方法】  采用盆栽试验培养小白菜(Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. communis Tsen et Lee),在小白菜长到3叶1心时进行叶面喷施处理。以NaCl为基础,设置了[Na+]<[Cl–] (A)、[Na+]＝[Cl–] (B)和[Na+]>[Cl–] (C) 3组处理。B组平衡态的3个处理的[Na+]∶[Cl–]的浓度(mmol/L)比为6∶6 (B₁)、12∶12 (B₂)、18∶18 (B₃);A组非平衡态的3个处理为0∶6 (A₁)、6∶12 (A₂)、12∶18 (A₃);C组非平衡态的3个处理的比值是6∶0 (C₁)、12∶6 (C₂)、18∶12 (C₃),以无离子水为对照CK,每日喷施一次,连续处理21天。停止喷施后,取样观测叶片组织结构,测定植株干鲜物质量、叶片光合活性以及游离氨基酸含量。  【结果】  无论[Na+]和[Cl–]是平衡还是非平衡状态,喷施处理均显著提高了小白菜的干鲜物质积累量和叶片光合活性。与CK相比,3个[Na+]、[Cl–]等浓度供给处理均显著增加了小白菜植株干、鲜生物量,显著增加了植株游离氨基酸含量,增加了叶面积尤其是中上位叶面积,促生效果均以B₂ 处理最佳,植株干、鲜生物量分别比CK增加了35.1%和43.7%,叶面积增加了33.4%。在非平衡状态中,有Cl–无Na+时有利于含水量增加,有Na+无Cl–时有利于干物质累积,且表现出Na+和Cl–均有利于含水量增加,Na+比Cl–更有利于游离氨基酸累积([Na+]>[Cl–]时,增加52.6%),Cl–比Na+更有利于干物质累积和光合速率([Na+]<[Cl–]时,增加17.3%)以及气孔导度([Na+]<[Cl–]时,增加145.3%)增加的现象。2因素主体间效应检验显示,小白菜的植株干鲜物质和营养物质累积、叶面积和比叶重、叶片光合气体交换活性,既受Na+、Cl–单独离子效应的影响,又受Na+与Cl–交互效应的影响。  【结论】  叶面喷施[Na+]与[Cl–]平衡与否都对小白菜的生长、干物质累积、含水量增加和叶片光合活性具有促进效应。但以12 mmol/L NaCl的生长促进效应更优,其主要表现为叶面积的扩展促使植株干物质累积。     

北京市怀柔区生态用水计算研究

根据生态平衡理论,依据北京市怀柔区的实际情况,划分了北京市怀柔区生态用水类型,并将怀柔区划分为相互独立的二级生态区;计算出怀柔区各项生态用水量。结果为:全区现状生态用水总量为7.19亿m3/a。其中,森林植被生态用水量为4.65亿m3/a,水土保持生态用水量为0.83亿m3/a,城镇绿化生态用水量为0.02亿m3/a,草地生态用水量为1.29亿m3/a,河流生态系统生态用水为0.4亿m3/a。     

支持向量机、信息向量机和相关向量机的比较研究

介绍了支持向量机、信息向量机和相关向量机的理论与算法。利用最优化对偶理论,阐述了支持向量机的三种主要算法：硬间隔支持向量机、软间隔线性支持向量机和二次软间隔支持向量机的理论推导过程。对基于高斯过程模型,详细说明了信息向量机和相关向量机算法的实现过程。