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121.
Debra A Schmidt Monty S Kerley Janet L Dempsey Ingrid J Porton James H Porter Mark E Griffin Mark R Ellersieck William C Sadler 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2005,36(4):571-580
Limited nutritional information exists on diets of free-ranging orangutans, Pongo abelii and P. pygmaeus. Although they are classified as frugivores, the chemical composition of their diet and their gastrointestinal anatomy suggest that they rely on fiber fermentation for a substantial portion of energy. However, the extent to which they can ferment fiber is not known. Continuous culture systems, inoculated with orangutan fecal bacteria, were established to determine the fiber-digesting capacity of orangutan hindgut microflora. The cultures received one of four treatments: soybean hulls, ground corncobs, corn starch, or no food. Neither dry matter nor neutral detergent fiber digestibilities differed significantly among treatments. However, neutral detergent fiber digestibilities were high for both the soybean hull (88.4%) and ground corncob (86.1%) treatments, indicating that the microflora had a strong fibrolytic capability. To determine whether the same fiber-degrading capacity occurred in vivo, two adult orangutans and one juvenile were fed four gel-matrix diets containing soybean hulls, ground corncobs, or ground primate biscuits. Neutral detergent fiber concentrations (dry matter basis) of the gel matrices were 52.9% with soybean hulls, 46.8% and 63.7% with ground corncobs, and 31.3% with ground primate biscuits. A fifth diet consisted of primate biscuits with 27.3% neutral detergent fiber (dry matter basis) and was considered the baseline diet. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility (74.5%) was greatest (P < 0.05) for the soybean hull gel diet and least (57.5% and 45.0%, respectively; P < 0.05) for the 63.7% neutral detergent fiber (dry matter basis) corncob gel diet and the baseline primate biscuit diet. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations in orangutan feces were not significantly different among diets; however, molar proportions of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid differed (P < 0.05) among diets. The results from both studies indicated that orangutans are capable of extensive fiber fermentation. 相似文献
122.
Boström IM Nyman GC Lord PE Häggström J Jones BE Bohlin HP 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(5):712-721
OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of IV administered carprofen on indices of renal function and results of serum biochemical and hematologic analyses in dogs anesthetized with acepromazine-thiopentone-isoflurane that had low blood pressure during anesthesia. ANIMALS: 6 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURE: A randomized crossover study was conducted, using the following treatments: saline (0.9% NaCl solution)-saline, saline-carprofen, and carprofen-saline. Saline (0.08 ml/kg) and carprofen (4 mg/kg) were administered IV. The first treatment was administered 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia and immediately before administration of acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg, IM). Anesthesia was induced with thiopentone (25 mg/ml, IV) and maintained with inspired isoflurane (2% in oxygen). The second treatment was administered 30 minutes after onset of inhalation anesthesia. Blood gases, circulation, and ventilation were monitored. Renal function was assessed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR), using scintigraphy, serum biochemical analyses, and urinalysis. Hematologic analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was conducted, using ANOVA or Friedman ANOVA. RESULTS: Values did not differ significantly among the 3 treatments. For all treatments, sedation and anesthesia caused changes in results of serum biochemical and hematologic analyses, a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure to 65 mm Hg, an increase of 115 pmol/L in angiotensin II concentration, and an increase of 100 seconds in time required to reach maximum activity counts during scintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Carprofen administered IV before or during anesthesia did not cause detectable significant adverse effects on renal function or results of serum biochemical and hematologic analyses in healthy Beagles with low blood pressure during anesthesia. 相似文献
123.
Schütt-Abraham I 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,115(3-4):125-130
SRM-regulations and the prohibition of pithing have removed major risks of spreading BSE-infection. Traditional slaughter technology, especially captive bolt stunning, head handling and carcass splitting nevertheless still provide non-negligible risks for contamination with the BSE-agent if present in cattle, and should therefore be replaced by safer techniques. However, alternative methods like electrical stunning or removal of the spinal cord prior to splitting the carcass cannot yet be considered a reliable and practical option. Surface contamination could be prevented altogether by abandoning the practice of carcass splitting and by removing the vertebral column while still connected to the head, although this would result in disadvantages for post mortem inspection. 相似文献
124.
Characterization of the in vitro adhesion of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to swine alveolar epithelial cells 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Van Overbeke I Chiers K Charlier G Vandenberghe I Van Beeumen J Ducatelle R Haesebrouck F 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,88(1):59-74
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biovar 1 serotypes 2, 5a, 9 and 10 strains were tested for their ability to adhere to alveolar epithelial cells in culture. For the serotypes 5a, 9 and 10 strains, optimal adherence was observed after growth of bacterial cells in a NAD-restricted medium (0.001% NAD). This condition was also associated with the expression of a 55 kDa outer membrane protein (OMP) and of fimbriae. For the serotype 2 strain, adherence and expression of fimbriae and a 55 kDa OMP was less influenced by the growth conditions. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 55 kDa OMP had no homology with any known sequence, suggesting that it is an as yet unknown protein. Adherence capabilities were significantly reduced following treatment of the bacteria with proteolytic enzymes or heat. These findings suggest that proteins are involved in adhesion. The hydrophobic bond-breaking agent tetramethylurea was unable to inhibit the adherence of A. pleuropneumoniae to alveolar epithelial cells. Treatment of the bacteria with sodium metaperiodate resulted in lower adhesion scores for the serotypes 2 and 9 strains but the inhibition of adhesion was clearly lower than after treatment with proteolytic enzymes. This indicates that, besides proteins, carbohydrates might also be involved in adhesion of A. pleuropneumoniae to alveolar epithelial cells. The finding that inhibition of adhesion was very high when bacteria were treated with a combination of sodium metaperiodate and pronase also suggests that more than one adhesin is involved. 相似文献
125.
Further identification of races of Cladosporium fulvum (Fulvia fulva) on tomato originating from the Netherlands France and Poland 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pim Lindhout Wanda Korta Margonata Cislik Ingrid Vos Thijs Gerlagh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(3):143-148
Races ofCladosporium fulvum, which can overcome the resistance of the genes Cf2, Cf4, Cf5, Cf8, Cf9 and Cf11 have appeared in the Netherlands, France and Poland. Known isolates from the Netherlands and France and three new isolates from Poland have been investigated for the presence of virulence genes using a set of genotypes carrying resistance genes Cf2 to Cf11.Several Dutch isolates of races, earlier designated as 2.4, 2.4.5 and 2.4.5.9, were found to break down the resistance gene Cf11. These races must therefore be designated as 2.4.11, 2.4.5.11 and 2.4.5.9.11 respectively. In the new Polish isolates virulence genes, overcoming the resistance genes Cf2, Cf4, Cf8, Cf9 and Cf11 were found. Since all races able to grow on genotypes with Cf4, could also grow on genotypes carrying Cf8, it was impossible to discriminate between the genes Cf4 and Cf8. These Polish isolates were designated as races 4.11, 2.4.11 and 2.4.9.11. The consequences of the occurrence of these races for tomato breeding are discussed.Samenvatting Fysio's vanCladosporium fulvum, die de resistentie-genen Cf2, Cf4, Cf5, Cf8, Cf9 en Cf11 kunnen doorbreken, zijn in Nederland, Frankrijk en Polen opgetreden. Met behulp van een groep genotypen, die de resistentie genen Cf2 tot en met Cf11 dragen, zijn Nederlandse, Franse en enkele nieuwe Poolse isolaten onderzocht op de aanwezigheid van virulentiegenen. Enkele Nederlandse isolaten, eerder aangeduid met 2.4, 2.4.5. en 2.4.5.9, bleken het resistentie-gen Cf11 te kunnen doorbreken. Deze moeten daarom aangeduid worden als respectievelijk 2.4.11, 2.4.5.11 en 2.4.5.9.11. In de nieuwe Poolse isolaten werd virulentie gevonden voor Cf2, Cf4, Cf8, Cf9 en Cf11. Alle fysio's die op genotypen met Cf4 konden groeien, groeiden ook op genotypen met Cf8. Daarom kon geen ondersheid gemaakt worden tussen Cf4 en Cf8. De Poolse isolaten behoren tot de fysio's 4.11, 2.4.11 en 2.4.9.11. De gevolgen van het voorkomen van deze fysio's voor de tomateveredeling worden besproken. 相似文献
126.
Van de Maele I Savary-Bataille K Gielen I Daminet S 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2008,49(3):283-286
An Akita Inu, living in Belgium, was presented with unusual clinical manifestations of acute babesiosis that included neurological signs and pancytopenia. Diagnosis was made by identifying Babesia canis in the blood smear. Neurological signs resolved after treatment with imidocarb diproprionate. Normalization of hematological abnormalities was gradual over 5 months. 相似文献
127.
128.
F. Laos Patricia Satti Ingrid Walter María Julia Mazzarino Susana Moyano 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,31(6):462-469
The main objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the agronomic value of composted and noncomposted residues originated
in the Andean-Patagonian region (APR), and (2) whether aerobic incubations provide a reliable index of nutrient availability
to estimate application rates. A Xeric Mollisol of the transitional zone between the APR and the Patagonian steppe, amended
with composted and noncomposted residues, was employed in laboratory incubations without plants and in a 5-month greenhouse
trial with ryegrass. Noncomposted residues were biosolids and fish wastes (FW) collected under farming cages. Composts were
obtained from fish offal and biosolids mixed with sawdust, woodshavings and yard trimmings. A commercial compost was also
included. In laboratory incubations at similar rates of application (10 g kg–1), net N mineralization (Nmin) was about two-fold higher with the noncomposted (17–23%) than with the composted residues (0–12%) and P release was very
high with the FW. Ryegrass yields were closely related to the total Kjeldahl N and mineralized N of the organic residues and
weakly related to their P contents (total or extractable). Yields were increased even in the case of composts which exhibited
very low values of Nmin (and slight N immobilization) during laboratory incubation, suggesting that the presence of plants enhanced Nmin at rates of 10–20 g kg–1. Soil residual extractable P after ryegrass removal was high for fish-derived amendments and the commercial product, suggesting
a potential risk of P pollution when these are applied according to N requirements. Aerobic incubations provided a relatively
good index with which to assess adequate rates of application.
Received: 17 July 1999 相似文献
129.