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11.
Quality assessment of thermally modified wood has evolved as one of the major fields in the research on thermal modification of wood. This study investigates NIR spectroscopy in combination with the pattern recognition method of soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA). Focus is put on identifying different treatment intensities of thermally modified samples of beech, ash, and Norway spruce. The results indicate that SIMCA classification based on NIR spectroscopy could be used for quality control of thermally modified wood. The method might be applicable for producers (pre-delivery checks) and customers (reception control). However, transfer from laboratory to industrial conditions needs further investigation. 相似文献
12.
Combining agent-based and stock-flow modelling approaches in a participative analysis of the integrated land system in Reichraming, Austria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Veronika Gaube Christina Kaiser Martin Wildenberg Heidi Adensam Peter Fleissner Johannes Kobler Juliana Lutz Andreas Schaumberger Jakob Schaumberger Barbara Smetschka Angelika Wolf Andreas Richter Helmut Haberl 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(9):1149-1165
The integrated modelling of coupled socio-ecological systems in land-change science requires innovative model concepts capable of grasping the interrelations between socioeconomic and natural components. Here, we discuss the integrated socio-ecological model SERD (Simulation of Ecological Compatibility of Regional Development) that was developed for the municipality of Reichraming in Upper Austria in a participative 2-year process involving local stakeholders. SERD includes three main components: (1) an agent-based actors module that simulates decisions of farmsteads, the municipal administration and other important actors; (2) a spatially explicit (GIS based) land-use module that simulates land-use change at the level of individual parcels of land and (3) an integrated socio-ecological stock-flow module that simulates carbon and nitrogen flows through both socioeconomic and ecological system compartments. We report on outcomes of a scenario analysis that outlines possible future trajectories depending on both external (e.g. agricultural subsidies and prices) and internal (e.g. innovation, willingness to co-operate) factors. We find that both external and internal factors can affect the behaviour of the integrated system considerably. Local and regional policies are found to be able to counteract adverse global socioeconomic conditions to some extent, but not to reverse the trend altogether. We also find strong interdependencies between socioeconomic and ecological components of the system. Fully evaluating these interdependencies is, however, not possible at the local scale alone and will require explicit consideration of higher-level effects in future research. 相似文献
13.
Vikingstad E Andersson E Norberg B Mayer I Klenke U Zohar Y Stefansson SO Taranger GL 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2008,34(3):289-298
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) females (2 SW), maturing for the first time, were reared under one of three temperature regimes (high: 14.3 ± 0.5°C;
natural: 10.6 ± 1.0°C; and cold: 6.9 ± 1.0°C) in combination with one of two experimental treatments; an injection of GnRH
analogue (GnRHa) contained in biodegradable microspheres, or a sham injection (microspheres only). The six experimental groups
were then reared under simulated natural photoperiod for 4 weeks. Blood samples were drawn for analysis of plasma steroid
levels and the fish were inspected for ovulation weekly. Batches of stripped eggs were incubated in triplicate incubators
in raceways until the eyed stage. Treatment with GnRHa resulted in a substantial advancement and synchronization of ovulation
at all temperatures, while exposure to cold water also appeared to advance ovulation slightly. While 75% (warm and cold) to
90% (natural) of GnRHa fish ovulated during the 4-week trial, only 30% of sham-treated females exposed to cold water, and
none of the sham-treated fish held at higher temperatures, ovulated during this period. Survival rates of embryos to the eyed-stage
were significantly higher for broodstock exposed to cold water. Plasma levels of testosterone (T), 17β-oestradiol (E2), and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP) were all significantly affected by treatment with GnRHa and, to a lesser
extent, temperature. The efficiency of GnRHa in counteracting the negative effects of high temperature on ovulation and the
associated changes in circulating sex steroids suggest that temperature inhibition operates at least in part at the brain
or pituitary. 相似文献
14.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
15.
Veterinary surgeons may be presented with seal pups that require rearing and rehabilitation. This paper describes the feeding, weight gains and clinical care of 22 harbour or common seal pups (Phoca vitulina) that were reared and rehabilitated at the RSPCA Seal Assessment Unit in Norfolk during 1989. Eighteen of the seals survived and were released but four died. On arrival the pups' mean (+/- sd) bodyweight was 9.2 +/- 2.1 kg; those which survived stayed an average of 14.2 +/- 2.3 weeks before they were released at an average weight of 35.5 +/- 3.5 kg. 相似文献
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17.
Zusammenfassung Nach einer kurzen Erl?uterung des Begriffes “Humanbioklimatologie” werden die folgenden Wohlfahrtswirkungen der W?lder eingehend
diskutiert: D?mpfung von L?rm, Schutz gegen die Luftverschmutzung, schonendes Lichtklima, Schutz vor Niederschl?gen, günstige
Beeinflussung des die Menschen umgebenden thermischen Milieus. Abschlie?end wird darauf hingewiesen, da? jede Beeintr?chtigung
einer geschlossenen Waldfl?che in die Wirkungsbereiche des Waldklimas eingreift, und somit die humanbioklimatische Bedeutung
des Waldes verringert wird.
The importance of forests for recreation from the point of view of human bioclimatology
Summary After a short explanation of the term “human bioclimatology”, the following “welfare functions” of forests are discussed in detail: noise abatement, protection against air pollution, pleasant lighting, shelter from precipitation, favourable influence on the thermal environment of man. Concluding it is pointed out, that each injury to a compact forest area will interfere with the effects of the forest climate and thereby decrease the humanbioclimatic matic role of the forest.相似文献
18.
Huber Bernhart M. postner Rudolf Mayer H. Mayer Ernst 《European Journal of Forest Research》1959,78(3-4):122-128
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