117份小麦种质中5个矮秆基因的分子检测

【目的】研究我国小麦主产区部分小麦品种中矮秆基因的分布,为发掘具产量潜力且利用较少的矮秆基因提供种子依据。【方法】利用5个矮秆基因分子标记,对我国小麦主产区117份小麦种质进行检测。【结果】117份种质材料中,矮秆基因分布频率依次为Rht8(68份,58.1%)>Rht-B1b(56份,47.9%)>Rht-D1b(46份,39.3%)> Rht9(18份,15.4%)> Rht13(14份,12.0%)。部分种质中同时携带2个矮秆基因的组合占到37.8%;同时携带3个及以上基因的组合占到21.4%,其中以同时携带Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8基因种质最多,占到12.8%。5种矮秆基因均不携带的种质有15份,占到12.8%。【结论】鉴定出14份携带Rht13矮秆基因的新种质。     

论城市土壤侵蚀与城市水土保持问题

该在阐述城市土壤侵蚀，城市型水土保持等有关概念及开展城市水土保持势在必行的基础上，进一步论述了城市土壤侵蚀具有人为影响的主导性，侵蚀强度的隐蔽性，侵蚀方式的复杂性，侵蚀物源的多样性等特点，城市水土保持具有目的要求特殊，防治人为侵蚀是重点、涉及面广，城市地域结构是水保措施布局的基础等特点，以及城市水土保持的类型和内容。     

杂交水稻制种花期相遇问题浅析

父母本花期相遇是杂交水稻制种的关键问题。笔者从20多年制种实践中,总结分析影响父母本播抽天数的因素,提出采用确定父母本播差期和调节花期的基本原则和方法,确保花期相遇。     

Effect of temperature,organic amendment rate and moisture content on the degradation of 1,3‐dichloropropene in soil

1,3‐Dichloropropene (1,3‐D), which consists of two isomers, (Z)‐ and (E)‐1,3‐D, is considered to be a viable alternative to methyl bromide, but atmospheric emission of 1,3‐D is often associated with deterioration of air quality. To minimize environmental impacts of 1,3‐D, emission control strategies are in need of investigation. One approach to reduce 1,3‐D emissions is to accelerate its degradation by incorporating organic amendments into the soil surface. In this study, we investigated the ability of four organic amendments to enhance the rate of degradation of (Z)‐ and (E)‐1,3‐D in a sandy loam soil. Degradation of (Z)‐ and (E)‐1,3‐D was well described by first‐order kinetics, and rates of degradation for the two isomers were similar. Composted steer manure (SM) was the most reactive of the organic amendments tested. The half‐life of both the (Z)‐ and (E)‐isomers in unamended soil at 20 °C was 6.3 days; those in 5% SM‐amended soil were 1.8 and 1.9 days, respectively. At 40 °C, the half‐life of both isomers in 5% SM‐amended soil was 0.5 day. Activation energy values for amended soil at 2, 5 and 10% SM were 56.5, 53.4 and 64.5 kJ mol^?1, respectively. At 20 °C, the contribution of degradation from biological mechanisms was largest in soil amended with SM, but chemical mechanisms still accounted for more than 58% of the (Z)‐ and (E)‐1,3‐D degradation. The effect of temperature and amendment rate upon degradation should be considered when describing the fate and transport of 1,3‐D isomers in soil. Use of organic soil amendments appears to be a promising method to enhance fumigant degradation and reduce volatile emissions. Published in 2001 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

CO2浓度倍增和土壤盐胁迫对藜麦生理特征及产量的影响

利用可精准调控CO2浓度的人工气候室,设置2个CO2浓度（常规组：400 μmol/mol和倍增组：800 μmol/mol）,同时设置2个NaCl胁迫浓度（对照组NaCl浓度为0;盐胁迫组400 mmol/L NaCl）,探讨CO2浓度倍增和土壤盐胁迫对藜麦生长、生理、叶片离子含量、叶片光合特性和内禀水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,在盐胁迫下,CO2浓度倍增显著提升藜麦光合速率、降低藜麦气孔导度,提高藜麦内禀水分利用效率,从而增加藜麦产量。但是,在CO2浓度倍增处理下,随着藜麦生长,光合速率提升幅度逐渐缩小,藜麦产生光合适应现象。此外,在盐胁迫下,与CO2浓度常规组相比,CO2浓度倍增最终（63 d）降低藜麦叶片Na+浓度达42%,增加藜麦叶片K+浓度达26%,有效调控藜麦叶片中离子平衡,表现出明显的吸K+排Na+的现象。同时,CO2浓度倍增促进藜麦渗透调节,有效调控藜麦叶片水分运动,增加细胞含水率,降低叶片溶质势和水势,提高压力势,维持细胞正常的生理功能。此外,藜麦内禀水分利用效率与藜麦叶水势、溶质势,光合速率和K+浓度呈显著正相关。研究结果有助于深入理解CO2浓度倍增调控作物耐盐性的生理机制,为应对大气CO2浓度升高背景下土壤盐碱化问题,维护生态系统稳定性,保障粮食安全提供参考。     

马尾松舞毒蛾卵块空间分布型及其应用的研究

马尾松舞毒蛾卵块的空间分布型,用聚集度指标度量适合聚集分布。Iwao的回归分析法与Taylor幂法则也是确定聚集型分布的好方法,结果都说明是聚集型的。由此可确定抽样调查的最适抽样数,编制序贯抽样分析表,用于预测预报和防治效果的检验。     

纺纱方式对长绒棉高支纱性能的影响

为明确不同长绒棉纤维适纺性能及不同纺纱方式下的成纱质量,以新疆5个长绒棉品种(系)(新海35号、新海53号、新海57号、丰海8号、丰海7号)的纤维为原料,采用普通环锭纺和紧密纺2种纺纱方式,纺100S纯长绒棉纱,并对成纱性能进行测试.结果:与环锭纺相比,紧密纺大大提高了成纱的强伸性能,降低了3 mm毛羽指数,改善了条干...     

试论广西农产品、食品辐照加工业的发展前景

介绍了国内外辐照食品加工业发展概貌 ,展望了广西农产品、食品辐照加工业的发展前景。     

广东省花岗岩赤红壤的微形态特征研究

对广东省２个花岗岩赤红壤的微形态研究表明：骨骼颗粒以蚀变石英为主：呈斑晶状分布;土体棱块状结构发育明显,微团聚体轻微发育;细粒物质以其红色、具轻微双折射现象为主要特征;土体中亦可见少量铁锰结核体及粉质体的出现。     

海南兴隆地区黑水虻的人工繁育技术研究初报

2009年12月至2011年5月,在海南省兴隆热带植物园进行黑水虻的人工饲养技术试验,探索热带季风气候条件下,黑水虻的人工繁育系统建立方法及饲养技术要点。结果显示,虫卵孵化需要2～6 d,幼虫经20～23 d进入预蛹期,8～11 d后开始羽化,成虫置于蚊帐中每天都可交配产卵。产卵量的多少随气候条件的变化有较大差异,冬季低温和连续阴天是导致卵量变少的重要原因。