中国绿色食品的区域结构特征及其发展战略研究*

 从中国绿色食品的发展过程、发展现状出发，分析了我国绿色食品的类型结构、区域结构和出口创汇结构，系统地提出了提升我国绿色食品的结构战略、区域布局战略、企业培育战略、国际化战略、系统管理战略和政策促进与支撑战略整合思路。     

小菊新品种‘枫林黄星’和‘枫林红晕’

小菊新品种‘枫林黄星’是以‘Branice Sunny’为母本,‘183’株系为父本经人工杂交选育而成,舌状花亮黄色,头状花序直径3.7 cm,冠幅63.8 cm,单株着花1 007朵。‘枫林红晕’是以‘388’株系为母本,从德国引进的多个品种为父本混合授粉选育而成,舌状花中上部粉色,下部白色,头状花序直径3.6 cm,冠幅60.2 cm,单株着花847朵。两个新品种冠幅大,株形紧凑丰满,呈半圆形,群体效果良好,适于北京地区秋季绿化。     

不同化学物质打破葡萄、桃休眠的研究

以保护地栽培的葡萄、桃为试材,对氰氨类、细胞分裂素、赤霉酸和KNO3打破休眠的效果进行了研究。结果表明,1.5%单氰氨、11%石灰氮可明显促使葡萄提前萌芽,提早着色9-10d;50mg/LGA3和100mg/L6-BA对打破休眠基本无效。TDZ与单氰氨混用提高萌芽率的效果最好。在2个葡萄品种上,均没有观察到单氰氨或石灰氮处理对果穗或果实品质性状的不良影响。在华光油桃上,没有观察到化学物质对提早开花或成熟有明显的作用。对葡萄和桃上应用化学物质打破休眠的有关问题进行了讨论。     

Protective mechanism of metallothionein on cultivated rat cardiomyocytes in hypoxic preconditioning

AIM: Studying the mechanism of protective role of metallothionein(MT) in hypoxic preconditioning(HPC) of cultivated rat cardiomyocytes. METHODS:Using the model of hypoxia/reoxygenation of cultivated rat cardiomyocytes. Determining the contents of MT, malonyldialdehyde (MDA)-metabolism product of lipid peroxidation and the activities of Na⁺-K⁺ATPase, Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺ATPase of cardiomyocytes 24h after HPC, also determining the relevant changes after using MT antibody. RESULTS: After 24 h in HPC, the contents of MT and activities of Na⁺-K⁺ATPase, Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺ATPase were obviously higher than those in the control and hypoxia/reoxygenation(P＜0.05), and the contents of MDA were decreased remarkedly (P＜0.01). Then after using MT antibody, the activities of two enzyme were progressively decreased and the contents of MDA were significantly higher than those in the control and MT antibody-free groups(P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: HPC may induce excessive synthesis of MT, and MT can protect myocardial reoxygenation injury by eliminating lipid peroxidation and rising the activities of Na⁺-K⁺ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺ATPase.     

旱作区双免耕覆盖下冬小麦旗叶光合特性、根系分布及产量研究

为了解旱作区双免耕覆盖下冬小麦旗叶光合特性及根系分布特征,通过试验测定和分析了双免耕覆盖冬小麦旗叶叶绿素相对含量、光合有效辐射、光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率等光合参数,以及根长密度和根干重密度与传统耕作（对照）的差异。结果表明,与对照相比,双免耕覆盖下冬小麦旗叶叶绿素相对含量、光合有效辐射、净光合速率分别增加了11.2%、20.5%、31.7%,胞间CO₂浓度降低12.68%,蒸腾速率、叶片瞬时水分利用效率、气孔限制值分别平均提高13.1%、16%和30.7%。双免耕覆盖下冬小麦开花期和灌浆期根长密度在行内平均较对照分别提高47.13%和14.43%,在行间平均分别提高38.18%和 33.61%;两个时期的根干重密度在行内平均分别增加21.44%和14.42%,在行间平均分别提高19.96%和 12.56%。双免耕覆盖下冬小麦产量为4 872.0 kg·hm^-2,较对照增产18.4%,差异达极显著水平。由此说明双免耕覆盖可促进旱作冬小麦光合作用及根系生长发育,有利于其高产。     

优质籼型三系不育系盛泰A的选育

盛泰A是以岳4B为母本与偏保型优质常规稻品种五岭香丝杂交制保,再与岳4B回交,然后与岳4A测交并边续回交转育而成的优质籼型三系不育系。该不育系具有农艺性状优良、可恢性好、配合力强、开花习性好、抗性较好、米质优(达国标优质稻谷2级标准)等特点,应用前景广阔,2009年通过湖南省鉴定。     

Effect of HMGA2 gene on high glucose-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating Notch signaling pathway

AIM:To investigate the effect of HMGA2 down-regulation on apoptosis and Notch signaling pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells exposed to high glucose (HG). METHODS:D-glucose at 5, 10, 20 and 30 mmol/L was used to stimulate human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells for 2 h, and D-glucose at 30 mmol/L was used to stimulate the HK-2 cells for 10 min, 60 min and 120 min. The protein expression of HMGA2 was determined by Western blot. The HK-2 cells were divided into normal glucose (NG) group, HG group, HG+si-HMGA2 group and HG+NC group, in which siRNA was transfected by Lipofectamine^TM 2000 for 48 h. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptotic rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay kit was used to detect ROS content, and Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Bcl-2. The HK-2 cells were treated with the Notch signaling pathway inhibitor DAPT, and then the cells were divided into HG group, HG+DAPT group and HG+si-HMGA2+DAPT group. The apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS:Exposure of the HK-2 cells to D-glucose at different concentrations for different time significantly increased the expression of HMGA2 (P<0.05). Compared with NG group, the protein expression of HMGA2, Notch1 and Hes1 in HG group was increased, the expression of Bcl-2/Bax was decreased, the apoptotic rate was increased, and the content of ROS was increased obviously (P<0.05). Compared with HG group, the protein expression of HMGA2, Notch1 and Hes1 of HG+si-HMGA2 group was decreased, the expression of Bcl-2/Bax was increased, the apoptotic rate was decreased, and the content of ROS was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate in HG+DAPT group was significantly lower than that in HG group, while the apoptotic rate in HG+si-HMGA2+DAPT group was significantly lower than that in HG+DAPT group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Down-regulation of HMGA2 expression inhibits the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating Notch signaling pathway and decreasing ROS production.     

不同青贮添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响

本试验从2006-2008年在塔里木大学选用天然发酵粉剂、绿汁发酵液、精准牌添加剂以及EM-原液对苜蓿进行青贮对比试验,结果表明,4种添加剂均能改善苜蓿青贮品质,经过气味、质地、色泽感官评定,天然发酵粉剂和绿汁发酵液青贮苜蓿为优等青贮饲料,而且它们的pH值(4.16,4.28)、丁酸(0,0)、NDF(28.0%,27.56%)、ADF(26.96%,26.83%)含量均较低,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05);而天然发酵粉剂与精准牌添加剂青贮苜蓿的乳酸含量分别为6.833 3和8.426 7,显著高于对照组的2.413 3(P<0.05),氨态氮含量则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。4种添加剂在提高乳酸含量,降低氨态氮、pH值、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、NDF和ADF含量等方面表现最好的是天然发酵粉剂,均显著优于对照组(P<0.05),其次是绿汁发酵液、精准牌添加剂。综合考虑,天然发酵粉剂和绿汁发酵剂青贮效果优于精准牌添加剂和EM-原液,天然发酵粉剂与绿汁发酵剂青贮效果相当。     

云栖竹径公园空气负离子生态效益评价

以杭州市云栖竹径公园典型植物群落毛竹纯林、常绿阔叶林及毛竹、枫香混交林为研究对象,研究3种不同植物群落空气负离子变化及其与气象因子之间的关系。研究结果表明,不同植物群落空气负离子浓度大小排序为毛竹林>毛竹+枫香混交林>常绿阔叶林,毛竹纯林具有更加强的环境气候调节效应,在改善城市气候方面发挥着重要的作用。