花生种子大小对产量及品质的影响

在恒温箱和田间条件下,研究2个花生品种不同种子大小对发芽、产量以及品质的影响。结果表明,大粒种子具有较高的活力指数和出苗率,但其发芽率和发芽指数略低于小粒种子和中粒种子。荚果产量以大粒种子最高,其次为中粒种子,最低的为小粒种子。大粒种子较高的荚果产量是与其花量较多,前期有效花率高,根系活力较强以及较多的干物质积累等特性密切相关,这些特性为大粒种子较多的荚果数和高的生产力的形成奠定了良好的基础。花生蛋白质和脂肪含量主要受品种遗传特性和环境条件的作用而表现一定的差异,种子大小对两者影响较小。     

早熟籽用型工业大麻新品种云麻2号的选育

利用三个品种复合杂交法选育而成的云麻2号,为早熟籽用型工业大麻品种.雌雄异株、雌雄比例为2.2:1,全生育期约120天,株高2.4-3.0m、茎粗1.3-1.7cm,千粒重20g,籽粒含油量33.11%,四氢大麻酚(THC)含量平均0.059%.种子成熟期落粒性不强,便于收获.2003-2004两年异地多点试验结果,麻籽平均产量1545kg/hm2,较对照增产18.84%.在高温高湿环境条件下轻感叶褐斑病,抗倒伏力强.适宜于云南省北纬23°以北、海拔1500-3000m的适宜地区种植.     

生物柴油-乙醇混合燃料的燃烧特性

研究了柴油机燃用生物柴油-乙醇混合燃料时的燃烧特性,结果表明:乙醇掺烧比小于30%时,各种不同比例的混合燃料的缸内压力曲线趋势相同;随着混合燃料中乙醇掺混比的增加,滞燃期延长,最大压力升高率增加,缸内最高燃烧压力增大,平均压力升高率曲线及峰值点依次滞后,放热率峰值增大且峰值点滞后,燃烧持续期缩短;最高平均压力升高率不大于0.6MPa/oCA,柴油机运转平稳.     

Effect of transketolase-like protein 1 on proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1) on proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro. METHODS: The siRNA against TKTL1 mRNA was constructed and transfected into human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE cell line). The activity of transketolase was detected before and after RNA interference.Real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression of transketolase (TKT) gene family in the CNE cells.Flow cytometry and MTT test were used to detect the effect of anti-TKTL1 siRNA on cell proliferation and cell cycle in the CNE cells. RESULTS: The total transketolase activity was significantly decreased in the CNE cells transfected with siRNA TKTL1 construct compared with the cells transfected with control vector or untransfected CNE cells. No significant difference in the expression level of TKT and TKTL2 gene between the CNE cells transfected with siRNA TKTL1 construct and the cells transfected with control vector or untransfected CNE cells was observed (P>0.05). However, the expression level of TKTL1 gene was significantly downregulated in the CNE cells transfected with siRNA TKTL1 construct compared with the cells transfected with control vector.Cancer cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase, and cancer cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in the CNE cells transfected with siRNA TKTL1 construct. CONCLUSION: TKTL1 plays an important role in the total transketolase activity and cell proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. TKTL1 may be considered as a potential target for novel anti-cancer therapy.     

谈谈搜爆犬场地及车辆安检的体会

在警犬技术服务安保工作中,搜爆犬参与安检的区域以场地和车辆最为多见.在室内场地、室外场地及车辆的安检中,如何科学而规范的使用搜爆犬,加强针对性训练,是提高警犬技术使用效益的有效途径.笔者结合奥运、"两会"安保等实战的工作体会,谈几点看法.     

Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation

Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) are particular to China. In order to determine the effects of fruit bagging treatments (including bag types, bag removal patterns and dates) on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of coloring of red Chinese sand pears, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ were firstly covered by light-impermeable paper bags with different levels of light permeable liners during their early development stage, then, the whole bag were/not removed or only the outer layer of bags were removed 3, 2 or 1 weeks before harvest. Thus, the fruit were/not totally re-exposed or were under different levels of sunlight transmission (80.31% or 34.71%). Non-bagged fruit were used as the control. Bagging treatments significantly affected the concentration of anthocyanin and the visual qualities of pear fruit. Compared to control, fruit re-exposed totally for 2 or 3 weeks accumulated the largest amount of anthocyanin and fruit receiving 80.31% and 34.71% of sunlight for 1–3 weeks could synthesize a little anthocyanin, indicating that high light intensity is imperative for coloring in red Chinese sand pears. Bagging treatments did not affect contents of total soluble sugars, but decreased organic acids contents in fruit. In the second experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ and ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ were covered with only one type of light-impermeable bag during the early development stage and totally re-exposed after the bag removal 15 days before harvest. Fruit were then collected at different intervals to trace the time-course of coloring, and related physiology and inner qualities. With increasing time after the bag removal, the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenols changed little, but the concentration of anthocyanin accumulated extremely fast within 10 days after the bag removal in both cultivars and thereafter kept constant. ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ had higher anthocyanin contents and lower hue angle than ‘Meirensu’, indicating a higher potential of anthocyanin synthesis. After the bag removal, the sucrose contents and PAL activities increased gradually and correlation analysis revealed that they were highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in two cultivars. This study suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese sand pears is a highly light dependent process and modified by genotypes. Based on the current results, in order to obtain red Chinese sand pear fruit with attractive appearance and good inner qualities, fruit must be covered with light-impermeable bags at the early stage of fruit development and the bag should be removed totally at least 10 days before harvest.     

瓣化型胡萝卜雄性不育基因atp6的CAPS标记建立

根据atp6的基因序列设计特异扩增引物,以瓣化型胡萝卜核质互作雄性不育系H05A及其保持系H05B为试材,扩增获得了1条约500bp的特异扩增片段。用限制性内切酶BglII对该片段进行酶切,不育系产生1条保持系中没有的特异片段,其分子量约为60bp。建立了atp6基因的CAPS标记,该分子标记可用于胡萝卜雄性不育分子标记辅助育种。     

干法保存30年的鲤鱼脑垂体催情异育银鲫产卵成功

首次报道用干法保存了30年的鲤鱼脑垂体催情异育银鲫产卵成功。当该垂体的剂量分别为10、20、30mg/kg亲鱼体重时,各获得50%、70%、90%的催产率,以及60.08±0.49%、70.42±0.32%、75.27±0.28%的受精率和79.93±0.29%、80.46±0.55%、81.10±0.26%的孵化率,平均每尾约250g体重的亲鱼产异育银鲫鱼苗0.976万尾。这些鱼苗和正常对照组的鱼苗一样,已经培育成体格健壮的优质鱼种。     

是谁在抢我们的奶酪?——2008大豆产业链再观察

作为中国几千年的传统种植业,大豆的生产近些年来已经越来越困难,市场风险越来越大。大豆市场的波动,也直接影响到豆粕、饲料的供给与价格波动,从而进一步影响到养殖业、影响到我国的畜牧业健康有序发展。越来越全球化的今天,我国的大豆早已逃不出全球资本追逐的热点,从而使得相关产业,如炼油饲料、养殖等都坐在了国际大市场的游戏场里。2008年伊始,新的消息就要来到,这些在过去一年里终于熬出头的豆农们却更加犹豫了。2.20元/500克的高价大豆让他们茫然,因为在同一块土地收获的大豆,在前年,他们呼天抢地也只能卖到1.0元/500克左右的价格。2007年,本刊曾回顾了2006年中饱受夏伏连旱影响而“少收了三五斗“、大豆价格奇低状况下的豆农们的生活。今天,刚刚尝到市场甜头的豆农,不知2008年未来会怎样。     

Effects of Salinity on Biogenic Amines,Hemolymph Osmotic Pressure,and Activity of Gill’s Na+/K+‐ATPase in Charybdis japonica (Crustacea,Decapoda)

The effects of salinity on hemolymph osmotic pressure, gill Na⁺/K⁺‐ATPase activity and dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5‐HT) in the gills, and hemolymph of the adult Charybdis japonica were studied. DA levels increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the NE and 5‐HT revealed contrary change in hemolymph and gills. The iso‐osmotic point of C. japonica (911.4 mOsm/kg) was at salinity of 27.87 ppt. The Na⁺/K⁺‐ATPase activity of gill showed negative correlation with salinity in the hypotonic environment (<27.87 ppt). The results of this experiment indicated that C. japonica had great capability to acclimate to low salinity.