RAPD标记鉴定果树芽变的可行性分析

在综合分析果树芽变的遗传特点以及RAPD标记技术的原理与存在问题的基础上，结合已有的研究报道，对RAPD标记应用于果树芽变鉴定中的可行性进行了探讨。对于不同的果树芽变类型，RAPD标记技术表现出不同的鉴定可行性。同时，对某些有关的问题提出了相应的建议。     

不同成熟度黄皮果实品质及贮藏特性的差异

黄皮Clausena lansium(Lour.)Skeels是我国南方原产的热带亚热带常绿果树。黄皮果实酸甜可口,风味独特,营养价值高且具有保健及药用价值,是深受人们喜爱的特产果品。近年来,我国黄皮栽培面积不断扩大,产量逐年提高。但黄皮采后极不耐贮藏,在自然条件下极易变软腐烂,1天后即明显     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.     

紫甘薯多酚氧化酶性质探讨

甘薯是世界上一种重要的粮食和能源作物,由于加工过程中其组织中的多酚氧化酶易催化多酚类物质氧化成黑色素,严重影响了其加工品质.以济薯18为材料,研究了pH值、温度、底物浓度等对其多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的影响.结果表明:紫甘薯济薯18中PPO活性在360 am处最大,其最适反应时间为11 min,最适pH值6.5,最适温...     

辣椒白粉病防治技术初探

采用引进新农药拿敌稳75%WG(水分散粒剂)开展其不同浓度防治辣椒白粉病试验,探讨辣椒白粉病最佳防治技术。试验结果表明:拿敌稳75%WG3000倍液防治辣椒白粉病,防效达95.27%;增产效果最明显,其平均株高、鲜株重、百果干重、每株总果数、单产、商品率均高于其它处理和当地对照药剂;经济效益比为1∶13.41。     

Preparation and Characterization of Tilapia Collagen-Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composite Nanofiber Membranes

Marine collagen is an ideal material for tissue engineering due to its excellent biological properties. However, the limited mechanical properties and poor stability of marine collagen limit its application in tissue engineering. Here, collagen was extracted from the skin of tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica). Collagen-thermoplastic polyurethane (Col-TPU) fibrous membranes were prepared using tilapia collagen as a foundational material, and their physicochemical and biocompatibility were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that thermoplastic polyurethane was successfully combined with collagen, and the triple helix structure of collagen was retained. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results showed relatively good compatibility between collagen and TPU.SEM results showed that the average diameter of the composite nanofiber membrane decreased with increasing thermoplastic polyurethane proportion. The mechanical evaluation and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability and tensile properties of Col-TPU fibrous membranes were significantly improved with increasing TPU. Cytotoxicity experiments confirmed that fibrous membranes with different ratios of thermoplastic polyurethane content showed no significant toxicity to fibroblasts; Col-TPU fibrous membranes were conducive to the migration and adhesion of cells. Thus, these Col-TPU composite nanofiber membranes might be used as a potential biomaterial in tissue regeneration.     

湘红菜薹一号的选育

湘红菜薹一号是以自交不亲和系９４１５－２和孤雌生殖系Ｊ－７－２配制的紫菜薹一代杂种,极早熟,从播种到始收４５天左右,早期产量高,菜薹亮紫色,无蜡粉,味甜,品质好,耐热,抗软腐病能力强,适应性广,适用于长江流域夏秋栽培和早熟秋冬栽培。     

PEG介导的玉米弯孢叶斑病菌遗传转化

为了探索不同酶系组成对玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体制备的影响,建立该病菌原生质体遗传转化系统,采用酶系混合物裂解菌丝体制备原生质体,采用PEG介导方法进行原生质遗传转化,通过PCR和Southern blotting技术对转化子进行验证。结果表明:1%溶壁酶+1%蜗牛酶+1%纤维素酶混合酶系为玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体制备的最佳酶系,可以产生原生质体6.78×106 cfu/mL。用PEG介导方法转化共获得16个稳定的转化子,从中随机挑取5个转化子发现质粒pV2已被成功整合到基因组中。本研究获得了制备玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体的最佳酶系,建立了PEG介导的原生质体遗传转化体系,为开展该菌致病相关基因克隆和基因功能研究提供了一种手段。     

荔枝害虫群落结构及其动态研究

以栽培品种ＮＣ８９为对照,通过室内饲养和组织切片,系统研究了转双基因抗虫烟草对烟夜蛾和小地老虎幼虫的抗性表现。结果表明,转双基因抗虫烟草对烟夜蛾幼虫具有稳定的杀虫作用,取食后２－３ｄ死亡,死亡率达１００％,不同龄期间表现一致;对小地老虎幼虫个有一定的杀虫作用,其抗性随龄期的增加而减弱,１龄死亡率为４８％,２龄为２８％,３龄以后死亡率为０,但对各龄幼虫的生长发育均具有明显的抑制作用。     

油菜菌核病菌的生物学特性研究

在不同温度、不同ｐＨ值的ＰＤＡ平板上培养油菜菌核病菌核和菌丝块,观察菌核萌发的最适温度和菌丝生长的最适温度、最适ｐＨ值,结果表明菌核萌发的最适温度为２４～２８℃,菌丝生长的最适温度为２０～２８℃,３５℃为菌丝的致死温度,菌丝生长的最适ｐＨ值为４.７～８.５。