Challenges and opportunities of unmanned aerial vehicles as a new tool for crop pest control

The application of pesticides is not simply delivering chemicals to the target area. It also involves considering the negative aspects and developing strategies to deal with them during the application process, to ensure the maximization of pesticides use efficiency and the maintenance of the ecosystem. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayers demonstrate unique advantages compared to traditional ground sprayers, particularly in terms of maneuverability and labor intensity reduction, showed great potential for chemical application in pest control. It is undeniable that there exist challenges in the practice of UAV spraying, such as higher potential risks of pesticide drift or pathogen transmission, uncertainty canopy deposition for different crops, and unexpected leaf breakage induced by downwash flow. Maximizing the utilization of downwash flow while avoiding lateral air movement outside the intended target crop area is a major issue for chemical application with UAV sprayers, particularly in light of the increasingly apparent consensus on the need for enhanced environmental protection during the chemical application process. It must be considered that the operation strategy in different scenarios and for different crop targets is not the same, unique requirements should be given on nozzle atomization, flight parameters, adjuvants and aircraft types in specific working situations. In future, the implementation of spray drift prediction, technical procedures development, and other solutions aimed at reducing pesticide drift and improving deposition quality, is expected to promote the adoption of UAV sprayers by more farmers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.     

基于斜率比法评定断奶仔猪对不同铜源的相对生物学利用率

本试验旨在研究不同铜源（硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜和柠檬酸铜）和铜添加水平（20和30 mg/kg）对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清铜含量与含铜酶活性以及组织铜含量的影响,探讨断奶仔猪对不同铜源的相对生物学利用率。试验采用3×2双因子随机区组设计,选取平均体重为（8.98±0.48） kg的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪112头,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮（铜含量为7.80 mg/kg）,各试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加20或30 mg/kg硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜或柠檬酸铜（均以铜含量计）。试验预试期3 d,正试期28 d。结果表明：1）试验组与对照组断奶仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）饲粮铜源和铜添加水平对断奶仔猪血清铜含量具有显著影响（P<0.05）,但对血清铜蓝蛋白和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性均无显著影响（P>0.05）。3）饲粮铜源和铜添加水平对断奶仔猪肝脏铜含量具有显著影响（P<0.05）,但对心脏、肾脏、胰脏和跖骨铜含量均无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）根据多元线性回归斜率比法计算,以血清铜...     

微热光电系统燃烧室内截面突变对燃烧的影响

微燃烧室是微热光电（MTPV）系统的重要组成部分。微燃烧室的外表面必须产生一个高而均匀的温度分布，以尽可能高地输出辐射能。通过对截面突变的微燃烧室的试验研究，得到了不同氢氧混合气流量、氢氧体积混合比下燃烧室内的燃烧状况，壁面和出口端面的温度分布。试验结果表明：采用截面突变的燃烧室能很好地控制火焰中心位置，获得稳定的外壁面温度分布规律，可以在截面突变处产生涡流，增强氢气和氧气的混合。     

彩色马蹄莲商品种球自育的关键技术

结合近年来在滇中、滇西北的马蹄莲种球培育经验，探讨脱毒生产种的快繁、培育场选择、栽培条件及病害控制、种球采收等关键技术，以期提高彩色马蹄莲商品种球生产的国产化能力。     

云南高原粳稻抗白叶枯病新品系云资抗21号的选育

以高产优质的云南高原粳稻品种滇系4号为轮回亲本，以IRBB21为白叶枯病抗性基因Xa21的供体亲本，通过杂交和3次回交以及5次自交形成BC3F，代材料，并结合后代材料的白叶枯病抗性鉴定及农艺性状的评价选择，选育出高原粳稻新品系云资抗21号，对云资抗21号的21个单株采用与Xa21连锁标记RM21和RM229、以及22个独立分离的SSR标记进行检测，结果表明这21个单株在RM21位点上均为IRBB21的纯合基因型，在RM229位点上有1个单株显示为轮回亲本的纯合基因型，其余的20个单株均为IRBB21的纯合基因型，而在其余22个SSR标记位点上均显示为轮回亲本的纯合基因型。该新品系白叶枯病抗性与IRBB21相近，农艺性状与轮回亲本相似，具有很好的应用前景。     

播娘蒿油酸脱氢酶基因(DsFAD6)的克隆和表达分析

采用RACE-PCR的技术克隆了播娘蒿的油酸脱氢酶基因(DsFAD6),它是催化油酸转化为亚油酸的一个关键酶基因.DsFAD6 cDNA全长序列的开放阅读框长1 344 bp,编码一个由447个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质,推测的蛋白质相对分子质量为51.16 kD,等电点为9.27.序列分析表明DsFAD6的氨基酸序列具有3个高度保守的组氨酸盒子,该结构在去饱和酶中是高度保守的,且在N端预测到信号肽,初步认定该酶定位于质体.序列比对和系统发生分析显示DsFAD6与十字花科植物FAD6基因具有较高一致性.RT-PCR分析表明,DsFAD6在根、茎、叶、花蕾、花及幼嫩角果中均表达,但在茎、叶和幼嫩角果中表达较高.胁迫诱导表达中,DsFAD6在播娘蒿叶片中表达明显受伤害胁迫诱导,但在冷胁迫下呈负相关.     

rep-PCR法对稻瘟病菌有性后代随机群体的评价

构建稻瘟病菌有性后代随机群体是研究目的基因遗传特点，乃至克隆目的基因的重要基础，但是在建立有性后代随机群体时，可能会有无性后代污染。采用先分离单个子囊，待其长成菌落并产生分生孢子后，再分离单个萌发的分生孢子的方法构建稻瘟病菌有性后代随机群体。利用基于重复DNA序列Pot2的rep-PCR方法对分离得到的有性后代进行DNA指纹分析，并评价构建的稻瘟病菌有性后代群体的质量。结果表明，构建的有性后代随机群体共包含176个后代。每个后代个体的DNA指纹图谱均与两亲本的DNA指纹图谱不一致；有性后代之间的DNA指纹图谱也彼此不一样，说明得到的有性后代个体都是由子囊孢子萌发形成的，且分离自不同的子囊。GUY11的rep-PCR扩增片段中的5个特异性片段的分离比例也都符合1:1的期望值，是按单个位点标记分离的，与已知的结果相吻合，说明有性后代随机群体的质量较高，不存在偏离现象，是一个较为理想的群体。同时，研究结果还得出基于Pot2的rep-PCR方法可以用来快速评价稻瘟病菌有性后代群体的质量。     

Analysis of Application of Information in Mid - mini Enterprises on Condition of Mass- economy

The group of Mid - mini enterprises under mass - economy is the intermediate organization built up by specialized division of work and cooperation. This kind of organization is flexible in operation with high efficiency, but difficult in development of new technology. On the basis of analyzing the character and deficiency of the mid - mini enterprises, in this paper, through providing a framework of information service platform for the mid - mini enterprises to enhance their creative ability and complex competition. The construction and operational strategy of such platform are investigated. Finally a successful case study is given.     

Mathematical Medel for Heat Transfer on Solididing Ladle of Hot Metal

In this paper,solidifinG ladle of hot metal has been studied from the point ofview of heat transfer.A mathematical model,which is applied to predict the shape and the thicknessof solidifing layer,has been developed. The theoretical calculated results agree with the appliedresults in preduction. The effects of various paramenters,such as the circulating times, the inner-surface temporature of ladle and the different refractories,on the shape and the thickness ofsolidifing layer have been discussed.These are contributed to reduce the solidifing ladle of hot metal.