养猪场环境细菌总数计数的实验应用模型

分别采用Andersen六级微生物空气样品收集器和LWC-1型离心式空气样品收集器对猪舍空气进行采样，同时采集粪便。然后选用普通营养琼脂和麦康凯选择培养基对所采集的样品进行了细菌培养和细菌总数、大肠杆菌的计数。计数结果为该场舍细菌总数、大肠杆菌数超标比较严重，Ⅱ舍达标，场中心和门口均轻微超标。     

黑羽乌骨鸡碱性磷酸酶的测定

试验以江苏省家禽科学研究所培育的黑羽乌骨鸡为试验素材，测定早期碱性磷酸酶的含量、碱性磷酸酶与早期增重的相关性，试验结果表明：饲养前期（0～6周）碱性磷酸酶的含量极显著地高于饲养后期（7～10周）；饲养全期碱性磷酸酶含量与早期增重呈极显著相关。     

Isolation and identification of Serratia marcescens Ha1 and herbicidal activity of Ha1 ‘pesta’ granular formulation

A total of 479 bacterial strains were isolated from brine(Bohai, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, China). Bioassay results indicated that 4 strains named Ha1, Ha17, Ha38, and Ha384 had herbicidal activity. And strain Ha1 had the highest effective herbicidal activity. As a result, this study aims to identify strain Ha1, characterize its physiological and biological activities, evaluate the herbicidal activity of its metabolites, and develop a ‘pesta' formulation and assess its effectiveness on Digitaria sanguinalis. Ha1 was identified as Serratia marcescens based on 16 S r DNA sequencing. This strain has a flagellum, a diameter of 0.5 to 0.8 μm, and a length of 0.9 to 2.0 μm. The indole test shows positive results, and the catalase enzyme exhibits strong positive reactions. Results further showed that the inhibitory concentration(IC50) of the crude extracts to D. sanguinalis radicula and coleoptile were 3.332 and 2.828 mg m L–1, respectively. Both the suppression of D. sanguinalis and the cell viability of the Ha1 formulation in ‘pesta' were higher when stored at 4°C than at(25±2)°C. These results indicated that S. marcescens Ha1 can potentially be used as a biocontrol agent against D. sanguinalis.     

冬季灌水对土壤中向日葵菌核的活力及其致病力的影响

为明确内蒙古巴彦淖尔市河滩地向日葵菌核病发生轻的原因,在内蒙古农业大学教学农场模拟了巴彦淖尔市河滩向日葵地块的种植条件即对土壤中的向日葵菌核进行了冬季大水漫灌处理,并在次年春天对冬灌水处理后土壤中菌核的活力、草酸分泌量、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（polygalacturonase,PG）的活性以及致病力进行了测定。结果表明,灌水处理后土壤中菌核萌发率为46%,比未灌水处理的对照降低了27%;草酸分泌量为50.94 μg/mg,PG活性为14.82 U/mg,均显著低于对照。冬灌水处理后的菌核萌发后在离体叶片上接种病斑大小仅为0.69 cm,显著低于未经冬季灌水处理的1.29 cm。2012和2013年的向日葵植株活体接种试验结果表明,用冬灌水处理后的菌核接种后发病株率分别为10.67%和18.37%,显著低于未经灌水但混有菌核的处理。表明冬季灌水处理能够降低土壤中菌核来年对向日葵的致病力,从而降低向日葵菌核病的发病程度。     

太阳能光伏发电技术在温室中的应用

阐述了太阳能光伏电池组件、控制器、逆变器等的设计原则和光伏发电系统的分类。并以北京京鹏环球科技股份有限公司已建的光伏温室为例,论述了光伏发电系统与温室的结合方式。      

Feasibility of open recirculating system in temperate climate – a case study

The increasing number of depleted, overexploited and recovering world marine stocks, together with increasing demand for fish and need for sustainable management of aquatic resources has led to a gradual shift to inland intensive aquaculture with water reuse. Intensive recirculating systems are becoming a rapidly developing sector of aquaculture, with the objectives to increase production and minimize environmental impact. However, transfer of technologies from original sites to locations of different climate is not always successful. The present study evaluates the use of an open recirculating system in a temperate climate. The 3‐year study showed successful production with better fish growth and feed utilization than in a flow‐through facility at the same site, but presented significant issues necessitating changes in technology as well as physical adaptations. A positive effect of the technology with respect to the environment is possible, but systems must be adapted to temperate climatic conditions.     

Effect of replacing fish meal with meat and bone meal on growth,feed utilization and nitrogen and phosphorus excretion for juvenile Pseudobagrus ussuriensis

The effect of replacing fish meal (FM) with meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets for juvenile Pseudobagrus ussuriensis was evaluated in a 90‐day feeding trial. Six isonitrogenous (crude protein, 430 g/kg) and isolipidic (crude lipid, 74 g/kg) diets were formulated to contain MBM to replace FM at 0 (S0), 200 (S20), 400 (S40), 600 (S60), 800 (S80) and 1000 g/kg (S100), respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in weight gain (WG) among fish fed S0, S20 and S40 diets. However, a significant reduction in WG occurred when 600, 800 and 1000 g/kg FM protein was replaced by MBM (p < .05). Similar trends were observed in specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of protein and dry matter of the diets S80 and S100 were significantly lower than those of the other diets. The ADC of phosphorus significantly reduced with the increase in dietary MBM level. Nitrogen and phosphorus excretion increased with the increasing dietary MBM level. Protease, lipase and amylase activities of the diets S80 and S100 were significantly lower than those of the other diets (p < .05). The results of this study showed that the optimum dietary MBM replacement level was 34.3% according to broken‐line model based on WG against dietary MBM replacement level.     

机械超微粉碎与不同粒度常规粉碎对红茶理化特性的影响

为探究机械超微粉碎对茶叶物性及功能成分浸出特性的影响,该文通过超微粉碎和常规粉碎2种方法制备超微红茶粉和4种粒度的粗粉红茶粉,研究了5种茶粉的粒度分布、微观形貌、比表面积、结晶度、表面氧碳元素比、中红外图谱和功能成分的浸出特性。结果表明:常规粉碎不同粒度茶粉间差异较小,而超微粉碎较大程度地改变了茶叶的物料性质。超微粉碎后,茶粉粒度减小至微米级,比表面积增大,茶粉的结晶度降低,表面暴露的纤维素和半纤维素相对含量增多,而中红外谱图显示超微粉碎茶粉的官能团结构并没有改变。沸水浸提过程中茶多酚、咖啡因、可溶性糖和水浸出物的溶出结果表明:5种茶粉功能成分的浸出量都随时间的增加而增加,经过一段时间后达到平衡。在达到浸出平衡时,不同粒度茶粉的茶多酚和咖啡因含量差异不显著,超微茶粉的可溶性糖含量为4种粗粉的2倍左右,水浸出物比粗粉茶粉提高10%以上。上述研究结果表明:超微粉碎能够有效减小茶粉的粒度,破坏植物的细胞壁结构,使内部成分暴露于表面,此外,组织结构和细胞壁的破坏使不溶的纤维成分转化成可溶性成分,可溶性糖和水浸出物显著增多,超微粉碎能够在一定程度上提高茶粉的有效利用率。     

大型免耕播种机开沟器结构研究

介绍了免耕播种机的关键部件开沟器的作用,单元盘、双圆盘开沟器的类型,对国际上应用比较广的单元盘开沟器和双圆盘开沟器的结构参数进行了研究、总结,对其他形式的开沟器的结构类型也进行了简单的分析研究,对免耕播种圆盘开沟器的研制有指导意义。     

结实期干湿交替处理对稻米品质的影响及其生理机制

 以扬稻6号和武育粳3号为材料,研究了结实期干 湿交替处理对稻米品质的影响及其机理。结果表明,结实期轻度干 湿交替处理改善了稻米的加工品质和外观品质,提高了米粉的崩解值,降低了消减值,而重度干 湿交替处理结果则相反。轻度干 湿交替处理还提高了籽粒中蔗糖合酶(SuSase)、ADP葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(ADPGase)、可溶性淀粉合酶(SSSase)和淀粉分支酶(Q酶)的活性。重度干 湿交替处理则降低上述酶类的活性。上述酶类活性与稻米主要品质指标显著相关。根系伤流中1 氨基环丙烷 1 羧酸（ACC,乙烯合成前体）浓度、籽粒中ACC浓度和乙烯释放速率在轻度干 湿交替处理条件下均明显降低,而在重度干 湿交替处理条件下则明显提高。根系伤流中ACC浓度、籽粒中ACC浓度和乙烯释放速率与SuSase、ADPGase、SSSase和Q酶活性呈显著或极显著负相关。灌浆结实期土壤水分处理改变了根系ACC浓度,影响了籽粒乙烯释放速率和ACC浓度,进而影响籽粒蔗糖 淀粉代谢途径关键酶的活性,最终影响了稻米品质的形成。