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61.
纹枯病菌絲在田間稻株上的消长受水稻各生育期、及当时气候条件影响很大;一般在孕穗职前菌絲量少,孕穗至乳熟初期分布量大、蔓延速度快;抽穗期后10天达到最高峯。早稻成熟期菌絲停止蔓延或消失;晚稻(尤其連作晚稻)抽穗期后因寒潮或低温而停止蔓延;乳熟期趋于消失。纹枯病菌核的发育一般要通过四个时期,无休眠期。病情的水平扩展速度以孕穗至抽穗期最快,乳熟期几停止;而垂直扩展速度以水稻分蘖期最慢,抽穗至乳熟期最快。矮稈品种2—3天,高稈品种3—5天便可士升一个叶位,乳熟后緩慢。晚稻則以抽穗期最快,抽穗后緩慢,乳熟后病势停滞不前。在水稻易感期(孕穗—抽穗),遇到梅雨的两端低温,职及矮稈品种、多肥、密植,在一定有效菌核量下,是本病流行期、流行程度的关鍵因素。防治适期应以菌絲蔓延前期,卽在分蘖期至孕穗期施药,以杀伤菌絲为主;有必要时可在抽穗期再施药一次,保护剑叶,以抑制菌核形成、兼杀菌絲为主。如对矮稈品种、多肥栽培的水稻,于分蘖期施药保护是很必要的。 相似文献
62.
A. Schots J. De Boer A. Schouten J. Roosien J. F. Zil Verentant H. Pomp L. Bouwman-Smits H. Overmars F. J. Gommers B. Visser W. J. Stiekema J. Bakker 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):183-191
Engineering resistance against various diseases and pests is hampered by the lack of suitable genes. To overcome this problem we started a research program aimed at obtaining resistance by transfecting plants with genes encoding monoclonal antibodies against pathogen specific proteins. The idea is that monoclonal antibodies will inhibit the biological activity of molecules that are essential for the pathogenesis. Potato cyst nematodes are chosen as a model and it is thought that monoclonal antibodies are able to block the function of the saliva proteins of this parasite. These proteins are, among others, responsible for the induction of multinucleate transfer cells upon which the nematode feeds. It is well documented that the ability of antibodies to bind molecules is sufficient to inactivate the function of an antigen and in view of the potential of animals to synthesize antibodies to almost any molecular structure, this strategy should be feasible for a wide range of diseases and pests.Antibodies have several desirable features with regard to protein engineering. The antibody (IgG) is a Y-shaped molecule, in which the domains forming the tips of the arms bind to antigen and those forming the stem are responsible for triggering effector functions (Fc fragments) that eliminate the antigen from the animal. Domains carrying the antigen-binding loops (Fv and Fab fragments) can be used separately from the Fc fragments without loss of affinity. The antigen-binding domains can also be endowed with new properties by fusing them to toxins or enzymes. Antibody engineering is also facilitated by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A systematic comparison of the nucleotide sequence of more than 100 antibodies revealed that not only the 3′-ends, but also the 5′-ends of the antibody genes are relatively conserved. We were able to design a small set of primers with restriction sites for forced cloning, which allowed the amplification of genes encoding antibodies specific for the saliva proteins ofGlobodera rostochiensis. Complete heavy and light chain genes as well as single chain Fv fragments (scFv), in which the variable parts of the light (VL) and heavy chain (VH) are linked by a peptide, will be transferred to potato plants. A major challenge will be to establish a correct expression of the antibody genes with regard to three dimensional folding, assembly and intracellular location. 相似文献
63.
不同含水量菜豆种子老化过程中生理特性的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对不同含水量的菜豆种子( 2.1%、3.4%、3.8%、6.9%和9.0% ) 老化过程中的生理特性进行了研究。结果表明, 菜豆种子在含水量为318%时, 发芽率, 保护酶系统( SOD、POD和CAT) 活性和脱氢酶活性明显高于其它含水量的种子, 而脂氧合酶(LOX) 活性和丙二醛(MDA) 含量显著低于其它含水量的种子, 表现出较高的生活力。此结果表明适度降低菜豆种子的含水量可以提高其抗老化劣变能力;不同生活力的菜豆种子POD同工酶酶谱表现不同, 而SDS2PAGE蛋白质谱带则基本相同。 相似文献
64.
65.
Tsutomu MATSUMOTO Yuichiro NARA Hiromitsu FURUYA Harumi TAKAHASHI Kiichi TAIRAKO Hideki YAMAMOTO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):382-384
L11A-Fukushima (L11A-F) derived from attenuated isolate LuA of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) has the highest ability to cross protect against virulent ToMV among LuA and its derivatives and is stably inherited.
Growth, yield, fruit quality and symptom attenuation of inoculated tomato plants did not differ significantly between L11A-F and L11A. The infectivity of progeny viruses in tomato infected with LuA-F was less than 4% of that with virulent ToMV. From these
results, L11A-F appears to possess the properties necessary for practical use. To manage L11A-F strictly, a PCR-based assay to detect trace contamination of virulent ToMV in L11A-F preparations was established.
Received 10 June 2002/ Accepted in revised form 30 October 2002 相似文献
66.
Shohei MATSUURA Shigeru HOSHINO Hideaki HAYASHI Tetsuyuki KOHGUCHI Kyoji HAGIWARA Toshihiro OMURA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(1):99-102
DAS-ELISA proved to be reliable enough to detect a latent infection by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in asymptomatic stock plants of chrysanthemum. A high density of Frankliniella occidentalis, the predominant vector, in the presence of latently infected stock plants resulted in a high incidence of disease in the chrysanthemum
production field. The incidence of disease was low when the vector thrips were not abundant in spite of the presence of latently
infected stock plants. These results suggest that an infestation of the vector thrips causes severe secondary spread of TSWV
originating from latently infected stock plants in chrysanthemum production fields.
Received 27 July 2001/ Accepted in revised form 27 November 2001 相似文献
67.
小麦矮化腥黑穗病菌侵染能力的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
中美专家合作在美国犹他州对小麦矮化腥黑穗病菌的侵染能力进行了研究。试验采用不含抗病基因的小麦品种Cheyanne,播种前用溴甲烷对试验小区进行了熏蒸。接种物为含有多种致病型的冬孢子悬浮液,采用土壤表面喷洒冬孢子悬浮液的方法进行接种,接种密度为每cm20、0.88、8.84、88.45、884.49、8844.89、88449个孢子。结果表明,接种密度为每cm20.88个孢子时即可产生0.21%的穗发病率。对试验数据进行分析后表明,小麦矮化腥黑穗病菌的侵染规律符合侵染概率理论,在本试验条件下,单个孢子的侵染概率为0.0002。 相似文献
68.
新型蔬菜专用肥在叶菜上的使用效果 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
新型蔬菜专用肥采用N、P、K和含粘土矿物、Ca、Mg及其他微量元素的营养型土壤改良剂复配而成。大田试验表明,在三种叶菜上的增产效果优于进口复合肥和国内常用的复混肥料,增产率分别达6.52%-13.2%和6.4%-27.5%,收益分别增加13.3%-23.6%和7.2%-32.9%,施用新型蔬菜专用叶面肥具有提高土壤pH值,增加代换性Ca和Mg,提高土壤有效N、P、K的效果。 相似文献
69.
70.