Evaluation of bone healing in canine tibial defects filled with cortical autograft,commercial-DBM,calf fetal DBM,omentum and omentum-calf fetal DBM

The present study was conducted to compare the effects of xenogenic bovine fetal demineralized bone matrix (DBM), commercial DBM, omentum, omentum-calf fetal DBM, cortical autograft and xenogenic cartilage powder on the healing of tibial defects in a dog model to determine the best material for bone healing. Seven male adult mongrel dogs, weighing 26.2 ± 2.5 kg, were used in this study. Seven holes with a diameter of 4-mm were created and then filled with several biomaterials. Radiographs were taken postoperatively on day 1 and weeks 2, 4, 6, 8. The operated tibias were removed on the 56th postoperative day and histopathologically evaluated. On postoperative days 14, 42 and 56, the lesions of the control group were significantly inferior to those in the other group (p < 0.05). On the 28th postoperative day, the autograft group was significantly superior to the control and omentum groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, calf fetal DBM was significantly superior to the control group. There was no significant difference between the histopathological sections of all groups. Overall, the omentum and omentum-DBM groups were superior to the control group, but inferior to the autograft, commercial-DBM, calf fetal DBM and calf fetal cartilage groups.     

ELISA法测定番茄茎叶中的褪黑素含量

为了研究植物内源褪黑素与植物抗性的关系,以4叶1心的番茄幼苗为试验材料,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法测定正常番茄、鱼腥草提取液和灰霉菌侵染后的番茄茎叶中的褪黑素含量。结果表明:番茄叶片和茎的褪黑素含量分别为14.53、2.80 ng/g,二者之间差异极显著,叶片的褪黑素含量是茎的5.19倍;经鱼腥草提取液预处理和灰霉菌侵染后,番茄叶片的褪黑素含量显著增加,鱼腥草提取液预处理有助于减轻番茄叶片上的灰霉病发病症状,但并不依赖于叶片内源褪黑素含量的增加。可以检出的番茄茎叶中的褪黑素含量高于2.60 ng/g,就灵敏度而言,ELISA法完全可以用来检测番茄的组织器官的褪黑素含量。     

Adaption of a formula for simulating bedload transport in the Nile River,Egypt

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Bedload transport discharge is important in river engineering and morphodynamics. The Meyer-Peter and Müller (MPM) equation for determining bedload transport...     

Repeatability of ultrasound-predicted percentage of intramuscular fat in feedlot cattle.

We used data from 144 bulls, heifers, and steers to determine the repeatability of ultrasound-predicted percentage of intramuscular fat and to study the effect of repeated measurements on the standard error of prediction. Animals were scanned at an average age of 433 d by a certified technician. Individual bulls, heifers, and steers were scanned five to six times each with two Aloka 500-V machines, and the percentage of intramuscular fat was predicted from two regions of interest within an image. Variance components and repeatability values were computed for the overall data and by machine, region of interest, and sex. Animals were broadly divided into two groups based on mean ultrasound-predicted percentage of intramuscular fat. Variance components and repeatability values were then estimated within each group. The overall repeatability of ultrasound-predicted percentage of intramuscular fat was .63 +/- .03. Differences in the repeatability values between machines and between regions of interest were not different from zero (P > .05). Bulls showed a lower within-animal SD of .82% as compared to .97 and 1.02% for steers and heifers, respectively. However, steer ultrasound-predicted percentage of intramuscular fat measures were more repeatable (P < .05) than those of bulls and heifers. The difference in repeatability between bull and heifer measures was not important (P > .05). Animals with mean ultrasound-predicted percentage of intramuscular fat less than 4.79% showed less repeatable measures (P < .05) than those with means above 4.79%. The image variance contributed to nearly 70% of the total variance of observations within an animal. Standard error of animal mean measures showed a 50% reduction when the number of images per animal increased to four. Therefore, we concluded that increasing the number of images per animal plays a more significant role in reducing the standard error of prediction than taking multiple measurements within a single image.     

Comparative study on the efficiency of dry and green manuring of certain plant leaves againstMeloidogyne javanica andRotylenchulus reniformis infecting sunflower

Five different dry and five green plant leaves were tested against Meloidogyne javanica and Rotylenchulus reniformis, as bio-agents in controlling these nematodes infecting sunflower. Data generally, indicated that all the tested manures significantly (P≤0.05) reduced the total number of nematodes in root and soil. The best materials were datura dry leaves on M. javanica and lime dry leaves on R. reniformis which gave very good results against nematodes (86.4 and 95.1% female reduction, respectively). Plant growth was significantly (P≤0.05) better, in most cases, in shoots, roots and flowering discs weight.     

Prevalence,intensity and histopathology of Zeylanicobdella arugamensis infestation on groupers reared on different aquaculture systems

The marine leech, Zeylanicobdella arugamensis, is a major threat to aquaculture in grouper-producing countries including Indonesia. This study aimed at investigating prevalence, intensity and histopathology of the ectoparasite in humpback and hybrid groupers cultured in different rearing systems. A total of 260 groupers (60 humpback groupers and 200 hybrid groupers) were used for samples. The marine leech was observed on skin, fins, gills and mouth, followed by histopathological assay on the skin tissue. The results showed that prevalence of the leech in both groupers was higher when they were cultured in the floating net cages compared with the hatchery, p < .05. Furthermore, humpback grouper had a higher prevalence than hybrid grouper when they were cultured in a similar system, p < .05. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in intensity between the two groupers, p > .05. Within the hybrid groupers, the highest prevalence was obtained from hybrid groupers reared in the earthen ponds. Histopathological studies showed that the infected groupers exhibited inflammation, congestion and erosion of the epidermis layer. Hybrid grouper had more severe histopathological lesions in the skin tissues. These results suggested that species and type of aquaculture system had significantly determined the prevalence, intensity and severity of lesion in Z. arugamensis infestation.     

Dietary simultaneous replacement of fish meal and fish oil with blends of plant proteins and vegetable oils in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) fry: Growth,digestive enzymes,antioxidant status and skin mucosal immunity

A 56‐day nutritional research was performed to examine the influence of alternative vegetal protein and lipid sources on performance of yellowfin seabream fry (Acanthopagrus latus) (0.5 ± 0.0 g). In this regard, five isoproteic (Ca. 500 g/kg) and isolipidic (Ca. 150 g/kg) diets were formulated in which fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) were simultaneously replaced with blends of plant proteins (PP, soybean meal and corn gluten) and vegetal oils (VO, canola and soybean oils) at 20% (SR20), 40% (SR40), 60% (SR40) and 80% (SR80) levels, respectively; meanwhile, a control diet (SR0) was formulated based on FM and FO. Growth and feed utilization were not influenced by experimental diets. The fatty acid profile of fillet drastically altered by dietary treatments. Fish fed with the SR60 and SR80 feeds had higher total protease, trypsin and α‐amylase activities than other treatments. The antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione content in liver were enhanced in fish fed with the SR40, SR60 and SR80 diets. Skin mucosal immune parameters including total protein content, alkaline phosphatase and alternative complement pathway activities in the control group were relatively lower than the vegetal treatments. According to these results, it is recommended that 410 g/kg of FM and 45 g of FO/kg can be replaced with alternative vegetal sources in diet for A. latus fry.     

Biological filtration properties of selected herbs in an aquaponic system

This study was conducted to determine the biological filtration capabilities of some culinary herbs co‐cultured with lemon fin barb hybrid in a nutrient film technique (NFT) recirculating aquaponic system. Lemon fin barb hybrid (Hypsibarbus wetmorei ♂ × Barbonymus gonionotus ♀) fingerlings were stocked in twelve 2‐tonne fibreglass tanks at 25 fish per tank and co‐cultured with Chinese celery (Apium graveolens var. secalinum Alef.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and peppermint (Mentha × piperita) for seven weeks. The impacts of the waste generated by the fish on the water quality, the filtration capability of the herbs and the ability of fish and herbs to retain nutrients (NPK) were also estimated. All the herbs showed water purifying potentials to varying degrees as significantly lower levels of nitrogenous compounds (NH₃‐N, NO₃‐N, NO₂‐N) were observed after the herbal filtration. The plant growth seemed to be affected by their ability to absorb nutrients and consequently purify the culture medium. Interestingly, the lemon fin barb hybrid also showed significant differences in terms of weight gain, but the nutrient retention among fish treatments was not statistically different. The plants absorbed less phosphorus and potassium than the fish. After computing for the total system percentage of NPK recovered, nitrogen was the most retained nutrient. The peppermint showed superiority in terms of gross biomass and water purifying potential compared to the Chinese celery and coriander.     

Nutritional Composition and Thermal Properties of Goldstripe Sardinella (Sardinella gibbosa) Fillets and By-Products

Fish is a nutritious food for the whole family and a good source of protein and n-3 fatty acids. The fish-processing industry produces tonnes of fish-processing waste and by-products annually. Disposal of untreated by-products of the fish-processing industry may cause environmental pollution. Sardinella gibbosa or goldstripe sardinella is commonly used in surimi and fish cracker productions in Malaysia. However, data on the nutritional composition of goldstripe sardinella fillets (GSF) and by-products (GSB) remain limited. The objectives of this study are to determine the nutritional composition and thermal properties of fillets and by-products of S. gibbosa. Results showed that the protein and moisture contents of GSF were higher than GSB. Conversely, the ash and fat levels of GSF were lower than GSB. Levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in GSF and GSB were higher than monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Palmitic acid and oleic acid were the major SFA and MUFA found in GSF and GSB. Both GSF and GSB contain higher percentages of DHA and EPA. Melting and crystallization profiles of the oil from S. gibbosa fillets were similar to by-product oil, which was related to their fatty acid content.