猪场生物安全体系中十个通道的设计应用

2018年8月开始,非洲猪瘟在我国快速多点发生,该病是高度接触性传染性疾病,目前无有效的疫苗和药物控制,各大公司和养殖户开始了猪场生物安全体系的升级改造。两年后我国大部分猪场的成功复产,全国生猪出栏量的大幅提升,证明了生物安全措施巨大效力;同时在严格的生物安全措施下创新了精准剔除、快速复产等操作,进一步证明了生物安全措施的有效作用。文章主要介绍猪场生物安全体系中入口(大门)和出口(后门)最为关键防线处的通道设计,方便所有的生物安全操作能够高效落实,切断病原轻易进出猪场的途径。     

规模化养猪场疾病防控

养猪场以前饲养数量较少时采用传统的综合防控措施,如免疫接种、药物预防和治疗等,在疾病防控方面都起到关键作用且效果明显,但是随着饲养数量增加,只采用上述措施远远不够,应树立创新理念和生物安全措施,才能更有效的防控疾病发生。     

卷盘式喷灌机卷盘驱动负载计算与分析

为优化卷盘式喷灌机驱动结构,研制高效卷盘喷灌机驱动器,需要对卷盘式喷灌机的卷盘负载情况进行计算和分析。为此,以软管牵引式卷盘喷灌机为对象,建立了卷盘负载转矩计算的物理模型,理论推导了在运行时的卷盘负载转矩数学计算模型。以JP50和JP75型卷盘式喷灌机为例,按推导所得数学模型进行计算,得到了运行时卷盘负载转矩随已回卷PE管长度的变化规律和估计值。计算结果表明:JP50型卷盘式喷灌机运行时最大负载转矩约为960N·m,JP75型为6 001N·m;卷盘负载转矩随已回卷长度的增加而减小,且当卷盘回卷半径变化时,负载转矩将突然变大;负载转矩的大小和变化规律只与喷灌机的参数和运行条件有关,与运行时的速度无关。     

窝眼轮式三七排种器精密排种力学模型研究

排种器是实现精密播种技术的核心部件,其工作性能的好坏直接影响着播种精度、均匀性及种子的出苗率等。为此,对前期设计的窝眼轮式三七排种器进行受力和运动分析,按单刚度系统对三七种子在充种阶段、携种阶段、投种阶段建立动力学模型,根据力与运动的关系推导出排种管参数之间的关系,合理设置排种管参数,以获得较好的播种效果,提高生产效率。     

JP75型卷盘喷灌机传动效率分析与试验

为验证理论计算公式在卷盘喷灌机传动效率上的适应性,通过对卷盘喷灌机传动效率影响因素的分析,计算出卷盘喷灌机的传动效率,同时设计了一套卷盘喷灌机传动系统测试试验台。该试验台采用永磁无刷直流电动机代替原有机型的水涡轮实现卷盘的驱动,转矩转速传感器用来测试电动机的输出转速和转矩,负载端通过定滑轮和钢丝绳悬挂不同质量的配重来模拟卷盘喷灌机在田间工作时的阻力。结果表明:在同一挡位时,传动系统效率随负载的增加逐渐提高。在相同负载时,输入转速的增加导致传动系统效率下降。在常用输入转速和输入扭矩的范围内,使用理论公式计算得出的传动效率值与试验值相对误差不大于7%。该理论计算公式为卷盘喷灌机传动系统的设计与优化提供了依据。     

气吸式打瓜穴播器对不同尺寸种子排种适应性的研究

针对气吸式打瓜穴播器(新疆石河子科神公司研制)排种适应性差这一问题,以新疆主要种植的打瓜品种—内蒙大片、内蒙中片、内蒙小片为试验材料,应用正交试验设计的方法,分析了打瓜品种类型、取种盘转速、负压室压力对穴播器排种适应性的影响。试验结果确定了影响穴播器排种适应性因素的主次顺序,以及穴播器排种适应性的最优工作参数组合。     

HSP90 gene expression induced by aspirin is associated with damage remission in a chicken myocardial cell culture exposed to heat stress

1. To understand the potential protection of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) induced by aspirin against heat stress damage in chicken myocardial cells, enzyme activities related to stress damage, cytopathological changes, the expression and distribution of HSP90, and HSP90 mRNA levels in the myocardial cells exposed to heat stress (42°C) for different durations with or without aspirin administration (1 mg/ml, 2 h prior) in vitro were investigated.

2. Significant increase of enzyme levels in the supernatant of heat-stressed myocardial cells and cellular lesions characterised by acute degeneration, karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis were observed, compared to non-treated cells. However, the lesions of cells treated with aspirin were milder, characterised by earlier recovery of enzyme levels to the control levels and no obvious heat stress-related cellular necrosis.

3. Stronger positive signals in the cytoplasm and longer retention of HSP90 signal in nuclei were observed in aspirin-treated myocardial cells than those of only heat-stressed cells. HSP90 level in the aspirin-treated myocardial cells was 11.1-fold higher than that in non-treated cells, and remained at a high level at the early stage of heat stress, whereas it was just 4.1-fold higher in only heat-stressed cells and returned rapidly to a low level.

4. Overexpression of HSP90 mRNA in aspirin-treated cells was observed throughout the experiment, whereas HSP90 mRNA decreased significantly only in heat-stressed cells.

5. The early higher HSP90 expression induced by aspirin during heat stress was accompanied by decreased heat stress damage, suggesting that aspirin might play an important role in preventing myocardial cells from heat stress damage in vitro.

     

Free choice feeding of whole grains in meat-type pigeons: 1. effect on performance,carcass traits and organ development

1. The effects of 5 different feeding systems on the performance, carcass traits and organ development were studied in pigeon squabs.

2. The 5 treatments were (1) whole grains of maize, pea and wheat plus concentrate feed; (2)whole grains of maize and wheat plus concentrate feed (CWC); (3) whole grains of maize and pea plus concentrate feed; (4)whole grain of maize plus concentrate feed (CC); and (5) compound feed (CF).

3. Feed intake of parent pigeons increased significantly from 0 to 21 d and it was higher in the CF treatment. Body weight of squabs in the CWC treatment was the highest among the 5 treatments in 4 weeks. Body weight losses of parental pigeons during the rearing period were not significantly different among the 5 treatments.

4. Protein intake in CC and CWC treatments was lower than that of the other three treatments. The CWC treatment had the highest daily weight gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio. Treatments were statistically similar in the relative weight of carcass, breast and thigh. CF had the lower relative weight of abdominal fat.

5. Relative weight of gizzard in the CF treatment was significantly lower than that of CWC.

6. It was concluded that the application of free choice feeding of whole grains of maize and wheat plus concentrate feed increased the body weight of 28-d-old pigeon squabs and decreased the feed conversion rate of parent pigeons. This feeding strategy could be commercially interesting in meat-type pigeon production.

     

Content and distribution of different phosphorus forms in broiler chickens

To understand the background value of phosphorus in chickens, the quantitative distribution of different phosphorus forms, including total phosphorus (TP), free phosphate (FP) and phospholipid (PL), in viscera, blood and bones of broiler chickens was investigated. Results showed that phosphorus contents exhibited significant differences in different parts of chickens. TP content of breast and thigh meat was over 5.0 g/kg, in which most of the phosphorus was in the form of water‐soluble phosphates. TP content in viscera was higher than that in meat, and spleen was observed to contain the highest amount of phosphorus (10.0 g/kg). In all tested organs, FP and PL contents in liver were the highest, ranging between 1207–1989 and 81–369 mg/kg respectively. TP content in chicken bone was in the range of 52 716–136 643 mg/kg, and FP content in the bone was relatively lower than that in chicken meat.     

新农村建设当务之急在于加强村级班子建设——当前村干部存在问题及任用体制创新探讨

通过调查走访,探讨了在社会主义新农村村级组织建设中存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的对策和解决办法.