浅谈春季山羊的饲养管理及防病

山羊适应性广泛,遍及世界各地,从温带到热带都有分布,其中90%分布在亚洲及非洲。在我国,不同海拔高度、气候条件、天然草场植被、经济类型     

不同基质含水量对秋播花椰菜工厂化育苗质量的影响

运用南京蔬菜工厂化育苗中心先进的仪器设备,经精心设计后开展试验研究,旨在探索出不同基质含水量与秋播花椰菜工厂化育苗质量间的关系。将秋季花椰菜育苗划分为播种发茅期、子叶期、1叶1心期、2～5叶期、4～5叶期5个生长阶段,在各阶段均设定4个不同的基质水分处理值进行观测比较分析。试验结果表明：秋季花椰菜育苗5个生长阶段的最佳基质含水量依次为基质最大持水量的85％、65％、65％、75％和75％;另可提供秋播花椰菜优质种苗相应标准参考值为：苗龄4～5叶,株高7．47cm,茎粗3．64mm,最大节间距o．78cm,最大叶形指数1．44。     

三种赤眼蜂对灰白蚕蛾的卵龄选择

灰白蚕蛾Ocinara varia.是近年来华南地区为害较严重的园林害虫,为筛选有效防治灰白蚕蛾的赤眼蜂种,在室内条件下比较了短管赤眼蜂Trichogramma pretiosum、松毛虫赤眼蜂T.dendroli-mi和暗黑赤眼蜂T.euproctidis对不同卵龄灰白蚕蛾卵的寄生能力和适应能力.结果显示,随寄主卵龄的增加松毛虫赤眼蜂和暗黑赤眼蜂寄生卵数均呈下降趋势,且都在灰白蚕蛾卵龄为6h的卵上寄生卵数最多,分别为15.90粒/雌和12.20粒/雌;而短管赤眼蜂的寄生卵数随寄主卵龄的增加呈先上升后下降趋势,在卵龄为24 h时达最高,为8.25粒/雌;在各卵龄段,松毛虫赤眼蜂的寄生卵数均比其它2种蜂多;当寄主卵龄超过72 h时,3种赤眼蜂的寄生卵数均显著下降.3种赤眼蜂在寄生卵龄为6h的寄生卵上羽化率最高,当卵龄超过72 h时,其羽化率均显著下降.松毛虫赤眼蜂和暗黑赤眼蜂对6h卵龄的灰白蚕蛾卵致死能力最强,而短管赤眼蜂对24 h卵龄的灰白蚕蛾卵致死能力最强.综合分析表明,松毛虫赤眼蜂在灰白蚕蛾卵上的寄生能力和适应能力最好,是灰白蚕蛾的有效天敌.     

Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin content in selected white and red wines. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity comparison with nontraditional wines obtained from highbush blueberry

Antioxidant capacity, as measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(PE)), total phenolic, total and individual anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidin fraction contents were evaluated in red and white wines from grapes. A comparison in terms of antioxidant capacity is made with nontraditional wines made from highbush blueberry. Blueberries are among fruits that are best recognized for their potential health benefits. In red wines, total oligomeric proanthocyanidin content, including catechins, was substantially higher (177.18 +/- 96.06 mg/L) than that in white wines (8.75 +/- 4.53 mg/L). A relative high correlation in red wines was found between ORAC(PE) values and malvidin compounds (r = 0.75, P < 0.10), and proanthocyanidins (r = 0.87, P < 0.05). In white wines, a significant correlation was found between the trimeric proanthocyanidin fraction and peroxyl radical scavenging values (r = 0.86, P < 0.10). A moderate drink (1 drink per day, about 140 mL) of red wine, or white wine, or wine made from highbush blueberry corresponds to an intake of 2.04 +/- 0.81 mmol of TE, 0.47 +/- 0.15 mmol of TE, and 2.42 +/- 0.88 mmol of TE of ORAC(PE)/day, respectively.     

塑性土壤破碎方法的比较

用改装的三轴剪切仪对拉伸、扭转、弯曲、直剪、切割和纯切割等基本加载方式进行了详细研究。结果表明,弯曲加载是需要最小力及最少能耗使塑性土壤破碎的一种有效的加载方式。     

水稻生产不同栽植方式的比较试验

机械化种植是制约珠江三角洲地区乃至全国水稻生产机械化的瓶颈之一。为探索不同栽植方式对水稻生产的影响，对人工直播与机械直播、人工插秧与机械插秧、人工抛秧等不同栽植方式进行了比较试验。试验结果表明，在珠江三角洲地区相同条件下，不同栽植方式的产量差异不大；机械栽植能确保稳产，与手工栽植方式相比不减产，并能减少成本、增加工效；机械直播是当前实现“两高一优”农业，促进农业生产“节本增效”的一种重要栽植方式。     

地热农副产品干燥装置的设计和中间试验

本文根据干燥过程的理论分析和试验研究结果,提出了热风式干燥器设计参数的选择原则,给出一套有一定参考价值的干燥系统的计算方法。该方法概念清楚,不必计算废气排热损失,简化了计算过程。依此,我们设计制造了一套地热干燥中间试验装置,它利用60～70℃的地热水作热源,一次可投湿物料200kg,对于像白菜这类初含水率在90％以上的物料,其每小时最大干燥脱水量超过30kg,平均热效率达到53％。试验结果表明:只有当物料的含水率在90％以上,且表面结合水多的情况下,实际过程才会出现等速干燥阶段。     

棉花花铃期涝渍相随对棉花产量的试验研究

在南方易涝易渍地域，棉花花铃期适逢雨季，常受涝渍综合胁迫，对生长发育和产量均有较大影响。笔者利用测坑试验对该问题进行了研究，建立了涝渍灾害型农田4种排水控制指标模式，初步提出了棉花花铃期的涝渍综合排水控制指标，探讨了体现涝渍兼治的排水控制指标。     

对发展农业工程教育的思考

农业工程学科要适应传统农业向现代农业发展的需要,适应农业以高新技术改造传统农业的的需要,缩小传统农业工程的规模,发展农业生物系统工程与农业信息技术;农业机械的自动化技术;精细农业生产体系;农业生产的产前、产后生产体系;设施农业工程技术;园艺业作物生产机械与技术;农业生产的现代化管理等等.各院校应结合自己的条件,办出自己的农业工程学科特色,加大教材建设的力度,加大国际交流.     

The antiproliferative and differentiating effects of human leukemic U937 cells are mediated by cytokines from activated mononuclear cells by dietary mushrooms

Proliferation of human leukemic U937 cells was remarkably inhibited by conditioned medium (CM) of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC-CM) stimulated with cold-water extracts (CWE) (10-800 microg/mL of medium) of dietary mushrooms, Hypsizigus mamoreus (HM), Agrocybe aegerita (AA), Flammulina velutipes (FV), whereas insignificant results were observed when cells were cultured in the presence of CWE at the corresponding level. Water extracts from mushrooms were fractionated by Sephadex G-50 chromatography, and the pooled high molecular weight fraction (F1) (200 microg/mL) of HM (HM1) and AA (AA1) exhibited growth inhibitions >80% on U937 cells. Interestingly, the thus-cultured U937 cells showed high nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) positive (>68%) and nonspecific esterase (NSE) positive (>47%) percentages, revealing the remarkable differentiation into monocytes/macrophages upon incubation with HM1- and AA1-stimulated MNC-CM. In addition, assays for the expressions of monocyte-associated antigens, CD11b, CD14, and CD68, also evidenced the remarkable differentiation of U937 cells into monocytes/macrophages by presenting high CD maker positive percentages (>50%). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta in CM of HM1-stimulated MNC for 1 day (MNC-CM-1) were 1350 and 1374 pg/mL, respectively, revealing the potent antitumor and differentiation-inducing activities of HM. Of note, MNC-CM-1 appeared to be more effective than day 5 MNC-CM (MNC-CM-5) in both antitumor and differentiation-inducing activities.