Characterization of Promising Apricot (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus armeniaca</Emphasis> L.) Genetic Resources in Malatya,Turkey

The study here was conducted on nearly 12,000 apricot seedlings in the Malatya Region in the Eastern part of Turkey. This region is famous for its horticulture based mainly on apricot production and the Country's highest apricot production originates from this region. The flower and fruit characteristics of all populations, which include apricot seedlings, in the region were evaluated. Based on their horticultural performances, 13 genotypes were selected, of which seven were considered as apricots served in dried form and six as in table consumption form. Among the selected genotypes, the fruit weight ranged between 28.5 and 71.19 g, soluble solids ranged between 12.7 and 26.5%, while the range in total acidity was between 0.35 and 1.80% and fruit development period was between 87 and 183 days. To determine the selected genotypes performance in a similar environment, they were grafted on to 4-year-old rootstocks. The results from these combinations showed that there was some decrease, especially in fruit size and soluble solids, in the genotypes performance when compared to the results of the initial observations. Some differences were also detected in taste, fruit shape, pit shape, fruit flesh firmness, skin and flesh colors. The dry fruit yield was determined as 22.50–28.36% for the selected dry apricot genotypes. The dry fruit yield of all seven genotypes considered for dry consumption were similar to ‘Hacıhaliloğlu’ and higher than ‘Canino’, which were evaluated as control cultivars.     

黑垆土有机碳在团聚体中的分配及其保护机制

以黄土高原广泛分布的黑垆土为研究对象,研究了6个粒级团聚体中总有机碳(TOC)、稳定性有机碳(St OC)、矿物保护态有机碳(MOC)、化学稳定性有机碳(ROC)和游离氧化铁(Fed)、无定形氧化铁(Feo)、络合态氧化铁(Fep)以及黏土矿物含量的特征,重点分析了有机碳在各粒级团聚体中的分配及其与黏土矿物和各种形态氧化铁之间的相关性,及探讨了有机碳的保护机制。结果表明:黑垆土中约80%的土壤有机碳赋存于0.5~0.25、0.25~0.05和0.05 mm的3个粒级团聚体中;黑垆土中的有机碳以St OC为主,其含量随着团聚体粒级的减小而增加。在0.5~0.25和0.25~0.05 mm团聚体中,TOC含量与Fed含量呈正相关关系,相关性系数(r)均为0.72(P0.05);在0.25~0.05 mm粒级团聚体中,ROC含量与Fed含量呈正相关关系(r=0.68,P0.05),而St OC和MOC含量与伊利石含量具有正相关关系r分别为0.71(P0.05)和0.68(P0.05)。黑垆土中对有机碳起保护作用的主要是Fed和伊利石,但二者对有机碳的保护机制可能有所不同:Fed与有机碳络合形成化学稳定性有机碳,而伊利石主要通过吸附作用实现对有机碳的保护。     

Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of paraquat and diquat in agricultural products

A simple, rapid, highly sensitive liquid chromatographic method is described for the quantitative determination of paraquat and diquat residues in agricultural products. Paraquat and diquat are extracted with hot dilute hydrochloric acid and are cleaned up on an Amberlite CG-50 column, followed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography on an NH2 column, with ultraviolet detection at 257 nm (paraquat) and 310 nm (diquat). The minimum detectable concentration of both paraquat and diquat was 0.5 ng per injection, which corresponds to a lower detection limit of approximately 0.02 microgram/g in the original samples. Recoveries of paraquat and diquat added to various samples were greater than 79%, and averaged 91 and 90%, respectively, at the 0.1 and 1.0 microgram/g spiking levels.     

加工番茄果秧分离参数优化及验证

为满足自走式番茄收获机国产化研究不断推进的需要,采用CCD(central composite design)设计与响应曲面分析(response surface methodology,RSM)对果秧分离性能作优化研究。以收获生产率、摇摆器转速、输料链速度为自变量,果秧分离性能(果秧分离率和果实破损率)为响应指标,建立了二者间的多元数学回归模型,探究了因素间的影响规律及最佳水平组合。通过Design Expert 9.0软件对试验参数进行优化,确定了在满足果秧分离率、果实破损率符合番茄收获机作业质量标准(NYT1824-2009)条件下的最优分离参数组合。结果表明:果秧分离率影响因素显著程度顺序为:摇摆器转速收获生产率输料链速;果实破损率影响因素显著程度顺序为:摇摆器转速输料链速收获生产率;最优参数组合为收获生产率34.2t/h、摇摆器转速为409.3r/min、输料链速为0.71m/s;对应的果秧分离率、果实破损率预测值分别为96.27%、2.12%。经验证,应用响应曲面分析法所得到的果秧分离参数是可行的,该研究可为加工番茄果秧振动分离技术的进一步研究提供理论基础和科学依据,亦可为果品振动收获技术参数的优化提供参考。     

基于3D碳纳米材料固载AChE应用于毒死蜱的检测

为寻找快速、可靠的农药残留检测新方法,利用氧化石墨烯(GO)良好的水溶性分散碳纳米管(CNTs),一维(1D)的CNTs和二维(2D)的GO形成一种3D新型碳纳米复合材料,该复合材料具有疏松多孔的结构,能够有效地增大电极的比表面积。用该材料修饰玻碳电极,并固载乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)制备灵敏度较高、线性范围较宽的有机磷农药生物传感器。采用循环伏安法(CV)研究传感器的电化学性质。利用有机磷农药对AChE的抑制作用,以氯化乙酰胆碱为底物,对毒死蜱进行了检测。结果表明:生物传感器在最优条件下,0.71~71.13μmol/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,最低检出限为0.23μmol/L,且传感器的灵敏度、稳定性及重现性较好,适用于毒死蜱的残留跟踪检测。     

小波分析与光谱学信号处理

本文从小波变换的概念及其应用的基本原理出发，就其在光谱学方面的应用概括为红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、核磁共振光谱、质谱四个方面的应用作了简要评述。     

廊坊城市绿地景观生态规划探讨

以城市绿地系统生态规划理论为指导,根据廊坊城市的人口密度、经济条件和绿化现状对廊坊城市绿地从公园体系、绿地廊道、和楔形绿地3个方面进行了绿地生态规划,使廊坊城市形成“三楔三环十带十园”的绿地布局形态,为廊坊城市绿地系统规划的修订提供科学依据.     

孢囊线虫中国新纪录种—朝鲜孢囊线虫（Heterodera koreana）

 孢囊线虫属（Heterodera）线虫目前大约有80种,该线虫分布广泛,是对农作物危害最严重的植物病原线虫之一［1］,对我国的农业生产和粮食安全造成极大的威胁。如,寄生大豆的大豆孢囊线虫（H. glycines）,寄生小麦的禾谷孢囊线虫（H. avenae, H. filipjevi）［1,2］及湖南省水稻上新发现的日本孢囊线虫（H. elachista）［3］。为明确孢囊线虫在中国南方地区的种类及分布,2007~2011年结合形态学和分子生物学技术开展了孢囊线虫调查鉴定,在江西省发现朝鲜孢囊线虫（H. koreana）。该线虫为首次在中国发现。     

发展农业科技企业的思考

农业科技企业在农业科技体制改革中诞生,在科技体制改革深化中发展。创建农业科技企业的目的是为了促进科技成果转化为生产力,促进科技与经济有效结合,也是农业科研单位自身改革发展的客观要求。文章探讨了当前农业科技企业发展的现状与存在的问题,强调必须加强技术创新,逐步将农业科技企业培育成为技术创新与产业创新的主体。     

一种新型生物能源发光苔藓的研究

利用转基因技术将萤火虫的荧光基因和苔藓融合,产生一种新的生物替代能源,其原理是通过荧光现象和光合作用的协同,实现低消耗的能量循环,成为一个自给自足的供光体系。作为地下的供光系统,苔藓的某些生活特性可以有效地解决矿难的发生。其衍生品光苔灯,可以应用到公共环境照明中。以光苔能源改善社会的能源结构,从而达到可持续发展的目的,实现绿色能源的广泛普及。