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Objective of this study was to compare the heat stress performance of four pulses from dry and hot areas (mungbeans, limabeans, and teparybeans and cowpeas) with that of soybeans. Two experiments were conducted in growth chambers, and data were pooled because results of both experiments were similar. Plants were raised up to flowering at 24/17 °C (day/night) and were then either exposed to these temperatures until maturity or stressed with 33/24 °C for 2 weeks starting at day 1 or 15 after onset of flowering (early vs. late stress). Before, during and after these stress intervals, gas exchange of representative upper leaves was examined; additionally, immediate effects of increasing leaf temperatures from 24 to 32 or 40 °C on chlorophyll fluorescence were assessed. Without heat stress rates of photosynthesis (Pn), and of transpiration (TR), stomatal and mesophyll conductance (gs, gm) and intrinsic transpiration efficiency (iTE) differed significantly among the five crops at each date. However, because of crop‐specific time‐courses ranking among unstressed crops was instable with time, so values were integrated or averaged over time. This procedure revealed high Pn potentials in mung‐ and teparybeans and high iTE values in limabeans compared to the other crops. Heat stress lowered Pn and gs considerably, but increased TR in all five crops. Relative lowering of Pn during heat stress displayed a crop‐specific pattern with limabeans being least susceptible to both early and late heat stress, while cowpeas were highly susceptible to early stress. Effects on Pn were mainly attributable to lowering of gs and only in part to gm. The latter was supported by very small changes (<10 %) of various chlorophyll fluorescence signals shortly after raising leaf temperature to 32 °C in all species. However, in limabeans, a decreased electron transport rate (e‐rate, ?18 %) and an increased non‐photochemical quenching (QN, +16 %) pointed to an adaptive mechanism to avoid oxidative strains under heat. Leaf temperatures of 40 °C immediately provoked stronger changes in all fluorescence signals than 32 °C; substantial damages at 40 °C were indicated by effective quantum yield, photochemical quenching and ratio of fluorescence decrease in mungbeans and low ones in cowpeas and soybeans. Nevertheless, some adaptive responses of e‐rates and QN were observed in all crops and were most expressed in limabeans. 相似文献
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天然白桦林的特点与经营 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
柴一新 《东北林业大学学报》2000,28(5):31-34
通过白桦林样地调查,对白桦林进行了径级分析、死亡木分析和经营分析。结果表明,白桦林是一个不稳定的次生林型。在大片次生林中的白桦林天然更新非常好。现在硬阔已进入演替层;死亡木用“一边竞争”的模型进行预测效果较好。根据分析提出对白桦林进行上层疏伐的经营方法。 相似文献
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试验选用约2.5岁公牦牛8头,在三江源地区玉树县的高寒草甸草场,应用4N盐酸不溶灰分法(4N—AIA)和木质素标记物法测定了不同物候期(青草期和枯黄期)放牧牦牛日采食量及牧草营养成分的消化率。结果表明:2.5岁牦牛在青草期、枯黄期的100kg体重日采食量分别为3.69kg和2.96kg,差异极显著(P〈0.01);其不同物候期的千物质消化率分别为65.70%、61.72%(P〉0.05),粗蛋白的消化率为62.25%、39.00%(P〈0.01),粗脂肪为49.36%、58.18%(P〈0.05),ADF的消化率为57.88%、62.67%(P〉0.05),NDF的消化率为69.09%、79.38%(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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应用细胞培养的方法观辑了40味中药和4种西药抗鸡新城疫病毒的体外活性。结果表明,40味中药中15味有一定的治疗效果,药物选择指数在2.29—13.3之间;18味有一定的预防效果,药物选择指数在2.21—69.4之间;4种西药中仅利巴韦林有治疗和预防效果,药物选择指数分别为433.3和343.7。 相似文献
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从营养和管理方式均不同的两组东北虎群中各选5只体型适中的成年雄性东北虎作为研究对象,其中笼养组以纯肉为日粮,散养组以混合饲料为日粮。麻醉后采集静脉血,测定血液中各项生理生化指标,外周血淋巴细胞增殖性反应,以及血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)的含量。结果:散养组外周血淋巴细胞增殖性反应显著高于笼养组(P〈0.05);血清尿素、肌酐、淀粉酶、谷丙转氦酶、谷草转氦酶等指标在两组间差异显著(P〈0.05):全血红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血红蛋白含量、血清蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇等指标组间差异不显著(P〉0.05)。结果显示:营养和管理方式对东北虎某些血液指标产生影响,混合日粮和散养方式更有利于维持东北虎的正常免疫机能和健康。 相似文献
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