风幕式气力辅助静电喷雾沉积特性

针对传统农业施药过程中雾滴漂移量大和雾滴冠层穿透力不足的问题,以风幕式气力辅助喷雾系统为研究对象,采用称重平面沉积量方法,研究了风幕式气力辅助下荷电喷雾和非荷电喷雾在不同高度面上的沉积规律,以及不同风幕风速影响下荷电喷雾和非荷电喷雾的沉积特性,分析了风幕射流流场对喷雾液滴沉积分布的影响。研究表明：风幕式气力辅助有效减少了液滴的横向扩散,使喷雾沉积集中在靠近喷雾中心的狭窄区域,有效抑制雾滴漂移;风幕流场加强喷雾流场的扰动,使非荷电喷雾和荷电喷雾沿喷杆轴向沉积都更加均匀。气体射流增加了液滴的动量,射流速度越大风幕对喷雾沉积分布影响越大。      

“Π”型循环喷雾机防飘性能试验

为适应篱架型作物病虫害防治要求,研制了能够将未沉积在靶标上的农药雾滴截留回收再利用的循环喷雾机,并与传统果园风送喷雾机进行了防飘性能对比试验。结果表明:在作业行下风向,"Π"型循环喷雾机空中飘失的药液比传统果园风送喷雾机减少了97.9%;在飘失距离内的地面飘失量比常规果园风送喷雾机减少了99.3%。     

冲击式水轮机斗叶根部型线优化设计

应用UG软件完成转轮斗叶模型建立,采用CFD技术对多喷嘴冲击式水轮机内部流动进行数值模拟,并结合ANSYS软件对斗叶应力的分析结果,完成转轮斗叶及根部型线的优化,成功地解决了喷嘴数增加后,射流之间、转轮内部流动之间的流动干涉问题,保证了冲击式水轮机转轮的强度和水力性能,使设计的机组运行更加稳定,效率提高。     

不同养分投入的各品种小麦产量及养分效率差异研究

选用6个冬小麦品种,通过田间试验研究了不同养分投入水平的小麦产量及养分效率的差异。结果表明,随养分投入水平的提高,小麦产量和生物量均明显增加,高产品种对养分投入的敏感程度明显高于低产品种。从产量构成分析,低养分投入时,小麦每公顷穗数及穗粒数对产量起决定作用;高养分投入时,产量取决于每公顷穗数。从两年不同养分投入水平的平均值来看,低养分投入时,高产品种氮肥回收率、农学效率和偏生产力比低产品种高6.3%～61.6%、52.1%～122%、9.8%～25%;磷肥回收率、农学效率和偏生产力较低产品种高31.2%～33.3%、58.9%～126.3%、7.0%～24.9%。高养分投入时,小麦偏生产力明显下降,且低产品种较高产品种更敏感。     

杀虫剂18种单剂和10种复配剂对褐飞虱和灰飞虱的活性差异

室内采用稻茎浸渍法测定了褐飞虱和灰飞虱对18种杀虫剂的敏感性,同时测定了10种稻田后期常用复配剂在2种飞虱间的增效作用及毒力差异.结果表明氟虫腈、毒死蜱、阿维菌素、烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪杀虫剂对2种飞虱的毒力较高,LC50值为 0.11～1.51 mg/L;供试的吡虫啉和噻嗪酮系列复配剂对褐飞虱都有增效或相加作用,但相同配比下吡虫啉与仲丁威、噻嗪酮与毒死蜱、噻嗪酮与混灭威、噻嗪酮与甲萘威、噻嗪酮与速灭威复配,对灰飞虱表现为拮抗作用;10个复配组合对灰飞虱的毒力均低于或显著低于褐飞虱.研究结果为科学合理地使用化学农药防治褐飞虱和灰飞虱提供了依据.     

滴灌水氮耦合对水氮利用及冬小麦产量的影响

以华北地区冬小麦为试验对象,参考直径20 cm标准蒸发皿的累计水面蒸发量E,通过2 a的大田试验(2012—2013),研究了大田地表滴灌条件下水氮耦合制度对作物耗水量、作物生理指标、产量、氮残留及水氮利用效率的影响,结果表明,冬小麦生育期内的耗水量、叶面积指数及产量受灌水定额的影响更为显著(P<0.05);滴灌条件下,当施氮量在120~290 kg/hm²时,水氮耦合效应对冬小麦耗水量的影响不具有统计学意义;在滴灌灌水定额为0.80E,施氮量为140~190 kg/hm²的水氮耦合模式下,冬小麦的产量较高,土壤硝态氮的当季残留较少,且进一步显著增加灌水定额和氮肥投入量将导致产量的明显下降;综合考虑冬小麦水氮利用效率和对地下水的潜在淋失风险,华北典型区滴灌水氮耦合的优化组合范围宜为灌水定额为0.80E,施氮量为140~190 kg/hm².     

双齿盘驱动打结器设计与成结试验分析

通过对D型打结器空间传动方案改进提出了双齿盘驱动打结器,将驱动夹绳器的空间传动布置在打结器支架的另一侧,将进口打结器支架一组空间交错轴角度关系简化为平面相交轴角度关系,降低了打结器支架的加工难度,克服了进口打结器空间交错轴锥齿轮齿廓设计与制造难的问题,便于批量化生产。通过将蜗杆与斜齿轮的传动比调整为1∶3使原四槽口夹绳盘改进为三槽口夹绳盘,并匹配设计了夹绳盘、打结嘴和刀臂的运动时序,建立了双齿盘驱动打结器的结构模型。与进口打结器的成结动作对比试验表明双齿盘驱动打结器的空间传动方案改进合理,驱动夹绳器、打结嘴和刀臂的运动时序匹配设计正确,夹绳和割绳动作比进口打结器更优,夹绳时捆绳直接入夹绳盘槽口,割绳时捆绳靠近刀片中间位置。室内台架的打结试验表明双齿盘驱动打结器的成结率为100%。     

Back propagation neural network to the application of cleaningrobot's path planning

To address the problem of planning complete coverage paths for cleaning robots that have the greatest coverage rates and the lowest recover rates, we propose a back propagation (BP) neural network algorithm for local path planning based on plowing global path planning. We also propose an improved BP neural network algorithm based on the deep first coverage algorithm for the issue of cleaning dead areas. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can plan complete paths for the robots.     

Neighbour field method for population initialization of TSP

It is sensitive to the initial population while the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP). To overcome this problem, the neighbour field method is presented to create initial population. In this method the next city is not the nearest as yet unvisited location but randomly selected from the unvisited cities in neighbour field. Neighbour filed method can extract the local optimal information of adjacent cities, and the constructed population has the diversity character. Comparing to the random initial method, the mean value obtained by the neighbour field method in four standard test instances of TSPLIB improved by 46.3%. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the neighbour field method for creating the initial population.     

System design on grating light valve micro electro mechanical systems optical switch

Using a computer, the structure of a grating light valve (GLV) was simulated based on analysis of optics characteristic of a GLV. Driven by the electrostatic force, the GLV has high optical efficiency and high switching speed. These traits were used to design a 1×2 micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) optical switch in order to improve upon the traditional MEMS optical switch’s shortcomings, such as easy wear, slow switching times, and short switching lives. The simulation experiment using CoventorWare shows the first order diffraction efficiency achieves 50% and the switching time is at microsecond level when the 1.55 μm light wave length is in normal incidence and the given parameters of GLV are assigned.