大西洋鲑性腺分化及热休克的影响

大西洋鲑性腺分化发生在孵出45－63天，约495－693度日。经热休克处理获得三倍体稚鱼，性腺在分化之前明显大于正常二倍体。雌性三倍体稚鱼性腺在细胞学分化时受抑，初级卵母细胞不能发育；雄性三倍体稚鱼性腺在细胞学分化阶段生长明显减慢，初级精母细胞尚能发育。     

长江中游草鱼仔鱼的日龄和生长研究

采用耳石日轮鉴定了19988年采自长江九江江段和1999年分别采自长江石码头和纱帽江段的草鱼仔鱼的日龄,并依据日龄推算了仔鱼的孵化期和估计了日生长率.采自九江、石码头和纱帽江段的仔鱼的平均日龄分别为10.7d,8.8～16.0d和7.0d.石码头江段仔鱼中,5月16日样本的日龄稍高(16.0d),其余样本的日龄比较接近(8.8～9.5d).采自石码头江段的所有仔鱼的体长平均生长率为0.11mm·d-1,特定生长率为 1.32%.各批次仔鱼的体长与其日龄的相关性通常很差,这表明长江中游仔鱼的生长不整齐,部分个体可能遭受了营养缺乏的影响.     

河鳗人工繁殖的初步研究

本文报道了自1973年以来河鳗人工繁殖研究的基本情况，包括亲鳗催熟、催产以及胚胎发育和培育等试验内容。试验结果表明，在人工催熟和水温逐渐升高的条件下，大部分亲鳗在4月上旬至5月中旬性腺成熟。从1974年至1978年总的产卵受精率为8．4％(其中流卵和产死卵者不计在内)。亲鳗自然产卵的时间一般在凌晨4时至6时20分之间，水温在18．5—24．5℃范围。产卵行为较特殊，产卵前发情时，雄鳗和雌鳗先后由池底阴暗处游至水表，沿池边环游追逐，最后在较小范围内急游产卵授精，产毕又回至池底。海水盐度在23—29．8‰范围，均能产卵受精，并孵出鳗苗。孵出后头两天的仔鳗悬于水表；第3天的仔鳗，卵黄囊大部分吸收，消化道全通，在肠内开始发现食物团，肠道内有强烈的纤毛运动，鱼体开始悬于水中，有极缓慢的下沉和上升；第4天眼球出现黑色素，晶体透明，上、下颌能启闭，有四对牙齿；第5天，肠道有蠕动波，出现肝脏原基，静止时侧卧水底；第14天，仔鳗在微流水中能不断游动，在静水中常处于水底。仔鳗养至第19天，存活434小时。     

陆地棉铃壳率与产量、早熟性及纤维品质的关系

对22个棉花杂交组合的伏前桃、伏桃、秋桃的铃壳质量进行了研究.结果表明,不同组合间、收获时期间的铃壳质量、铃壳率、棉铃经济系数存在极显著的差异,伏桃的铃壳质量最大,秋桃次之,伏前桃最轻;秋桃的铃壳率最低,伏桃次之,伏前桃最高;秋桃的棉铃经济系数最高,伏桃次之,伏前桃最低.铃壳率降低,有利于产量性状的提高.铃壳率与铃重、小样衣分、单次收花量都呈极显著的负相关,铃壳率与子指呈显著的正相关.铃壳率降低,还能够提高棉花的早熟性,铃壳率与第一次收花率呈极显著的负相关.铃壳率增加,有使纤维品质变优的趋势.铃壳率与马克隆值呈极显著的负相关,铃壳质量、铃壳率与纤维比强度都呈极显著的正相关.     

中棉所49在西北内陆棉区的稳定性与丰产性分析

利用AMMI模型及其双标图分析了中棉所49在2002-2003年和2008-2013年共8年西北内陆棉区国家棉花区域试验中的稳定性表现。结果表明：（1）2002年西北内陆国家棉花区试早中熟组各参试品种的稳定性优劣顺序依次为：中棉所49〉98—60〉K31〉中棉所35〉9—2005〉E3—8—12〉新创1号〉SGK9688〉SGK1779。（2）中棉所49在8年区域试验中的稳定性表现为：在5年试验中表现居第一位、1年试验中表现居第二位、2年试验中居第三位,其稳定性综合表现优良。（3）中棉所49的皮棉产量水平在8年区域试验中总体上稳中有升,体现了较好的丰产性能。可见,中棉所49在西北内陆早中熟棉区具有很强的推广应用价值。     

大豆育种进展与前景展望

通过对国内外大豆的生产现状、大豆育种常用方法及优缺点、未来发展方向及前景展望的分析,指出今后我国大豆育种目标是主攻单产,兼顾高蛋白和高油,同时选取具有更广适应性、更高抗病虫性的品种。同时要广泛引入国外优异资源,采用常规鉴定技术和生物技术挖掘资源的遗传潜力,为育种提供优秀的亲本和优良基因;在育种方法上应采用生物技术与常规育种相结合的方法,构建和识别优异的变异个体,变传统育种为现代育种,使大豆品种在培育方面迈上新台阶。     

First Report of a Peroxiredoxin Homologue in Jellyfish: Molecular Cloning,Expression and Functional Characterization of CcPrx4 from Cyanea capillata

We first identified and characterized a novel peroxiredoxin (Prx), designated as CcPrx4, from the cDNA library of the tentacle of the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. The full-length cDNA sequence of CcPrx4 consisted of 884 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding a mature protein of 247 amino acids. It showed a significant homology to peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4) with the highly conserved F-motif (⁹³FTFVCPTEI¹⁰¹), hydrophobic region (²¹⁷VCPAGW²²²), ¹⁴⁰GGLG¹⁴³ and ²³⁹YF²⁴⁰, indicating that it should be a new member of the Prx4 family. The deduced CcPrx4 protein had a calculated molecular mass of 27.2 kDa and an estimated isoelectric point of 6.3. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that CcPrx4 mRNA could be detected in all the jellyfish tissues analyzed. CcPrx4 protein was cloned into the expression vector, pET-24a, and expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) pLysS. Recombinant CcPrx4 protein was purified by HisTrap High Performance chelating column chromatography and analyzed for its biological function. The results showed that the purified recombinant CcPrx4 protein manifested the ability to reduce hydrogen peroxide and protect supercoiled DNA from oxidative damage, suggesting that CcPrx4 protein may play an important role in protecting jellyfish from oxidative damage.     

Study of the near-infrared transmission of woven fabrics based on statistical analysis

47 kinds of woven fabrics were prepared with different fibers, thicknesses, weights per square meter and percentage covers. Statistical analysis method was employed to study the influence of the material and structure parameters on near-infrared transmission of these fabrics. Firstly, the effect of materials on near-infrared transmittance was determined through the contingency table analysis. Then the parameters significantly influencing near-infrared transmittance were found out and correlations among them were discussed by direct correlation and partial correlation analysis. Finally, regression equation of the near-infrared transmittance was established using factor analysis and principal component extraction. Results show that materials have little influence on near-infrared transmittance of woven fabrics. However, thickness, weight per square meter and percentage cover of the fabrics are closely related to near-infrared transmittance. Because there are correlations among thickness, weight per square meter and percentage cover, two new factors are extracted to establish the regression equation. The equation has an error rate of less than 5 % and thus can predict near-infrared transmittance precisely.     

磷肥在旱地红壤上的后期效应及其作用机制

红壤地区施入的磷肥很容易被吸附固定而留存于土壤中,降低磷肥利用效率,留存于土壤中的磷对土壤生态功能和作物养分供应的后续效应值得关注。基于旱地红壤长期施肥定位试验,探讨常规施肥处理（CK）以及短期施入不同磷肥量（P2O5,0、50、100、150和1 000 kg·hm-2）多年后土壤养分、土壤氮循环过程和作物产量的变化特征。通过多元统计分析方法探讨不同磷肥处理下,土壤全碳、全氮和微生物生物量碳和氮转化过程的潜在速率以及产量等因子间的相互关系及其与磷的后期效应的关系。结果表明,在短期投入高剂量磷肥（1 000 kg·hm-2, P1000）27年后,土壤全碳、全氮和微生物生物量碳与常规施肥处理相比无明显差异,但显著提高了土壤pH和氮循环相关过程速率,包括氮矿化速率（Nitrogen mineralization rate, Nmin）、固氮酶活性（Soil nitrogenase activity, SNA）、潜在硝化速率（Potential nitrification rate, PNR）（P < 0.05）,同时降低了净N2O排放潜能（Net N2O production rate, NN2O）（P < 0.05）。与不施磷（P0）和短期投入低剂量磷肥处理（50,100,150 kg·hm-2）相比,P1000处理中,土壤有效磷（AP）、氮矿化速率、固氮酶活性、潜在硝化速率和潜在N2O产生速率（PN2O）分别增加了33.3%～76.4%、88.2%～388.1%、111.4%～4 826.3%、22.6%～152.4%和13.8%～78.9%（P < 0.05）,同时净N2O排放潜能也降低了64.6%～78.9%（P < 0.05）,表现出明显的磷后效,且在作物生长季更为明显。相关分析和冗余分析表明AP和pH是影响以上土壤生物化学活性最主要的因子。近三年作物平均产量在所有处理中无显著差异,但与土壤TP、AP和pH呈显著正相关;但在长期尺度上（1992—2019年）,P1000处理相对于其他低磷处理累积增产效应达3%～23%。以上结果表明,酸性红壤中短期大量施用磷肥多年后,由于大量磷肥投入导致的土壤pH提升和磷的缓释效应,使得磷肥在促进土壤肥力、微生物活性和土壤氮循环转化活性方面表现出较明显的后期效应。     

The different deletion mutation in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene affects the peel color of mango (Mangifera indica L.)

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first key enzyme of the anthocyanidin synthesis pathway, has been extensively studied in the biosynthesis of various...